Parameśvaramaṅgalam, time of Nṛpatuṅgavarman (?), year 15

Author of digital edition: Emmanuel Francis (emfr).

Summary: Construction of a shrine, setting up of a cult image and endowment of paddy for maintaining perpetual lamps and for worship.

Palaeographic description: Medial i and ī are interchangeable.

Language: Tamil (tam) [Grantha (grantha), Tamil (tamil)].

Repository: Pallava (tfa-pallava-epigraphy).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSPallava00159.

File path: DHARMA_INSPallava00159.xml.

Version: 2026-03-03 16:08 (a5be19c), last modified 2025-09-24 16:03 (df3f0d0).

Edition

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī yāṇṭu patiṉaint-ā-
⟨2⟩ vatu parameśvara-maṅ⟨ka⟩lattu śai-
⟨3⟩ leśvarattu gaṇa¡v!at¡ī!-bhaṭārarai ¡vaiy!-
⟨4⟩ ttu-k kōyi¡ll! eṭuppitt(ā)r taṇṭiya-
⟨5⟩ ṅ-kiḻār pāṇṭ¿a?ya-kramavittar{r} brāhma-
⟨6⟩ ṇi tēvaccāṉi tāṉ eṭuppitta taḷik-
⟨7⟩ ku A(r)ccanā-bhoga¡mm!-āka vaitta nel
⟨8⟩ mutal nāṟpatiṉ kāṭi Ivaittil va-
⟨9⟩ (r)ddhamānaṁ koṇṭu tiṅkaḷ nā¡l! avi-
⟨10⟩ yum Anti-viḷakkum A(r)ccanaiyu-
⟨11⟩ m Ip-paricu vaḻuvāmai-c cey-
⟨12⟩ vōm āka in-nāṟpatiṉ k¿a?ṭiyum
⟨13⟩ koṇṭōm taḷi-y-uṭai¡yy!-ā¿ka? civa-
⟨14⟩ catti civa-kurava civa-nakka civa-kāma ci [unknown number of lost lines]

Apparatus

⟨3⟩ gaṇa¡v!⟨p⟩at¡ī!⟨i⟩-bhaṭārarai ⬦ gaṇavati-bhaṭārarai SII; gaṇa¡v!⟨p⟩ati-bhaṭārarai IP.

⟨4⟩ eṭuppitt(ā)r ⬦ eṭuppitt¿a?⟨ā⟩r SII; eṭuppitt(ā)r IP.

⟨5⟩ pāṇṭ¿a?⟨i⟩ya-kramavittar{r} ⬦ pāṇṭiya-kramavittar SII IP.

⟨9⟩ nā¡l!⟨ḷ⟩ avi⟨10⟩yum ⬦ nālvi⟨10⟩yum SII; nā¿lv?⟨l a⟩vi⟨10⟩yum IP.

⟨13⟩ taḷi-y-uṭai¡yy!⟨y⟩-ā¿ka?⟨r⟩ ⬦ taḷi-y-uṭai¿yy?⟨y⟩-ā¿ka?⟨r⟩ SII IP.

Translation

⟨1⟩ Prosperity! Fortune!

⟨1–2⟩ Fifteenth year.¹

⟨2–8⟩

⟨8–11⟩

⟨11–12⟩

⟨12–14⟩ These fourteen kāṭis, We have taken them, We ... Ci[va] […]

Commentary

The inscription is incomplete. IP notes: “Probably a few more letters are wanting. The significance of these names is not clear. They were probably the taḷi uḍaiyār (temple priests), as stated in l. 13.”

According to IP: “This gives the earliest reference to the setting up of the image of god Ganapati, during the Pallava period.”

Bibliography

Reported in ARIE 1912-13 (ARIE/1912-1913/B/1912/258).

Edited in Venkatasubba Ayyar 1943 (SII 12.68). Text and summary in Mahalingam 1988 (IP 159).

This digital edition by Emmanuel Francis, based on previous edition(s) and photos.

Primary

[SII] Venkatasubba Ayyar, V. 1943. South Indian inscriptions. Volume XII: The Pallavas (with introductory notes in English). South Indian Inscriptions 12. Madras: Government Press. Pages 28–29, item 68.

[IP] Mahalingam, T. V. 1988. Inscriptions of the Pallavas. New Delhi; Delhi: Indian Council of Historical Research; Agam Prakashan. Pages 464–465, item 159.

Secondary

[ARIE] ARIE 1912-13. G.O. No. 961, 2nd August 1913. Epigraphy. Recording the progress report of the Assistant Archaeological Superintendent for [Epigraphy], Southern Circle, for the year 1912-1913. Edited by H. Krishna Sastri. No place, 1913. Page 34, appendix B/1912, item 258.

Notes

1. Presumably of Nṛpatuṅgavarman, of which see ARIE/1912-1913/B/1912/258.

Display Options Word Wrap Line Numbers Comments Processing Instructions

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/erc-dharma/project-documentation/master/schema/latest/DHARMA_Schema.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?>

<?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/erc-dharma/project-documentation/master/schema/latest/DHARMA_SQF.sch" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>

<?xml-model href="https://epidoc.stoa.org/schema/latest/tei-epidoc.rng" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?>

<?xml-model href="https://epidoc.stoa.org/schema/latest/tei-epidoc.rng" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>

<title>Parameśvaramaṅgalam, time of Nṛpatuṅgavarman (?), year 15</title>

<resp>intellectual authorship of edition</resp>

<forename>Emmanuel</forename>

<surname>Francis</surname>

</persName>

</respStmt>

</titleStmt>

<authority>DHARMA</authority>

<pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>

<idno type="filename">DHARMA_INSPallava00159</idno>

<p>This work is licenced under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported

Licence. To view a copy of the licence, visit

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to

Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View,

California, 94041, USA.</p>

</licence>

</availability>

</publicationStmt>

<repository>DHARMAbase</repository>

<idno/>

</msIdentifier>

<summary>Construction of a shrine, setting up of a cult image and endowment

of paddy for maintaining perpetual lamps and for worship.</summary>

</msContents>

<p>Medial <foreign>i</foreign> and <foreign>ī</foreign> are

interchangeable.</p>

</handDesc>

</physDesc>

</msDesc>

</sourceDesc>

</fileDesc>

<p>The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC)

under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant

agreement no 809994).</p>

</projectDesc>

<p>Public URIs with the prefix bib to point to a Zotero Group Library named

ERC-DHARMA whose data are open to the public.</p>

</prefixDef>

<p>Internal URIs using the part prefix to point to person elements in the

<ref>DHARMA_IdListMembers_v01.xml</ref> file.</p>

</prefixDef>

</listPrefixDef>

</encodingDesc>

<change who="part:emfr" when="2022-08-17">Creation of the file on the

repository</change>

</revisionDesc>

</teiHeader>

<body>

<ab>

<lb n="1"/><hi rend="grantha">svasti śrī</hi>

</ab>

<p>

yāṇṭu patiṉaint-ā

<lb n="2" break="no"/>vatu

</p>

<p>

<hi rend="grantha">parameśvara</hi>-maṅ<supplied reason="omitted">ka</supplied>lattu <hi rend="grantha">śai</hi>

<lb n="3" break="no"/><hi rend="grantha">leśva</hi>rattu <hi rend="grantha">ga</hi>ṇa<choice><orig>v</orig><reg>p</reg></choice>at<choice><orig>ī</orig><reg>i</reg></choice>-<hi rend="grantha">bha</hi>ṭārarai <choice><orig>vaiy</orig><reg>vai</reg></choice>

<lb n="4" break="no"/>ttu-k kōyi<choice><orig>ll</orig><reg>l</reg></choice> eṭuppitt<unclear>ā</unclear>r taṇṭiya

<lb n="5" break="no"/>ṅ-kiḻār pāṇṭ<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>ya-<hi rend="grantha">kra</hi>mavittar<surplus>r</surplus> <hi rend="grantha">brāhma</hi>

<lb n="6" break="no"/>ṇi tēvaccāṉi tāṉ eṭuppitta taḷik

<lb n="7" break="no"/>ku A<hi rend="grantha"><unclear>r</unclear>ccanā-bhoga</hi><choice><orig>mm</orig><reg>m</reg></choice>-āka vaitta nel

<lb n="8"/>mutal nāṟpatiṉ kāṭi

</p>

<p>

Ivaittil va

<lb n="9" break="no"/><hi rend="grantha"><unclear>r</unclear>ddhamā</hi>naṁ koṇṭu tiṅkaḷ nā<choice><orig>l</orig><reg>ḷ</reg></choice> avi

<lb n="10" break="no"/>yum Anti-viḷakkum A<hi rend="grantha"><unclear>r</unclear>cca</hi>naiyu

<lb n="11" break="no"/>m

</p>

<p>

Ip-paricu vaḻuvāmai-c cey

<lb n="12" break="no"/>vōm āka

</p>

<p>

in-nāṟpatiṉ k<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>ṭiyum

<lb n="13"/>koṇṭōm taḷi-y-uṭai<choice><orig>yy</orig><reg>y</reg></choice>-ā<choice><sic>ka</sic><corr>r</corr></choice> civa

<lb n="14" break="no"/>catti civa-kurava civa-nakka civa-kāma ci

</p>

</div>

<lem><hi rend="grantha">ga</hi>ṇa<choice><orig>v</orig><reg>p</reg></choice>at<choice><orig>ī</orig><reg>i</reg></choice>-<hi rend="grantha">bha</hi>ṭārarai</lem>

<rdg source="bib:VenkatasubbaAyyar1943_01"><hi rend="grantha">ga</hi>ṇavati-<hi rend="grantha">bha</hi>ṭārarai</rdg>

<rdg source="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"><hi rend="grantha">ga</hi>ṇa<choice><orig>v</orig><reg>p</reg></choice>ati-<hi rend="grantha">bha</hi>ṭārarai</rdg>

</app>

<lem>eṭuppitt<unclear>ā</unclear>r</lem>

<rdg source="bib:VenkatasubbaAyyar1943_01">eṭuppitt<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>r</rdg>

<rdg source="bib:Mahalingam1988_01">eṭuppitt<unclear>ā</unclear>r</rdg>

</app>

<lem>pāṇṭ<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>ya-<hi rend="grantha">kra</hi>mavittar<surplus>r</surplus></lem>

<rdg source="bib:VenkatasubbaAyyar1943_01 bib:Mahalingam1988_01">pāṇṭiya-<hi rend="grantha">kra</hi>mavittar</rdg>

</app>

<lem>nā<choice><orig>l</orig><reg>ḷ</reg></choice> avi

<rdg source="bib:VenkatasubbaAyyar1943_01">nālvi

<rdg source="bib:Mahalingam1988_01">nā<choice><sic>lv</sic><corr>l a</corr></choice>vi

</app>

</app>

</listApp>

</div>

Prosperity! Fortune!

</p>

Fifteenth year.<note>Presumably of Nṛpatuṅgavarman, of which see ARIE/1912-1913/B/1912/258.</note>

</p>

</p>

</p>

</p>

These fourteen <foreign>kāṭi</foreign>s, We have taken them, We ... Ci<supplied reason="lost">va</supplied> <gap reason="lost"/>

</p>

</div>

<p>The inscription is incomplete. <ptr target="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"/> notes: <quote>Probably a few more letters are wanting. The significance of these names is not clear. They were probably the <hi rend="italic">taḷi uḍaiyār</hi> (temple priests), as stated in l. 13.</quote></p>

<p>According to <ptr target="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"/>: <quote>This gives the earliest reference to the setting up of the image of god Ganapati, during the Pallava period.</quote></p>

</div>

<p>Reported in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1912-1913"/></bibl> (ARIE/1912-1913/B/1912/258).</p>

<p>Edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:VenkatasubbaAyyar1943_01"/></bibl> (SII 12.68). Text and summary in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"/></bibl> (IP 159).</p>

<p>This digital edition by Emmanuel Francis, based on previous edition(s) and photos.</p>

</bibl>

</bibl>

</listBibl>

</bibl>

</listBibl>

</div>

</body>

</text>

</TEI>