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· <title>Guḍimallam, Parameśurāmeśvara temple, stele, Nandivarman III, year 23</title>
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15 <forename>Emmanuel</forename>
· <surname>Francis</surname>
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· <respStmt>
20 <resp>intellectual authorship of edition</resp>
· <persName ref="part:emfr">
· <forename>Emmanuel</forename>
· <surname>Francis</surname>
· </persName>
25 </respStmt>
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· <authority>DHARMA</authority>
· <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
30 <idno type="filename">DHARMA_INSPallava00144</idno>
· <availability>
· <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
· <p>This work is licenced under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported
· Licence. To view a copy of the licence, visit
35 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to
· Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View,
· California, 94041, USA.</p>
· <p>Copyright (c) 2019-2025 by Emmanuel Francis.</p>
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40 </availability>
· <date from="2019" to="2025">2019-2025</date>
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45 <msIdentifier>
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50 <summary>Donation, after purchase, of a land for supplying ghee for the upkeep of perpetual lamps.</summary>
· </msContents>
·
·
·
55
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60 <encodingDesc>
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· <p>The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC)
· under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant
· agreement no 809994).</p>
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85 <body>
·
·<div type="edition" xml:lang="tam-Latn" rendition="class:tamil maturity:83215">
·
· <ab xml:lang="san-Latn" rendition="class:grantha maturity:83215">
90 <milestone unit="face" n="A"/>
· <lb n="1"/>svasti śrī
· </ab>
· <p>
· nanti
95 <lb n="2" break="no"/>ppō<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied>taraiyark
· <lb n="3" break="no"/>ku yāṇṭu Iru
· <lb n="4" break="no"/>pattu mūṉṟā
· <lb n="5" break="no"/>vatu
· </p>
100 <p>
· vikkiramā
· <lb n="6" break="no"/>titt<choice><sic>e</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>-māvali
· <lb n="7" break="no"/>vāṇarāyar vaṭu
· <lb n="8" break="no"/>kavaḻi-mēṟku
105 <lb n="9"/><hi rend="grantha">pṛthivirājya</hi>ñ
· <lb n="10"/>ceya <hi rend="grantha"><g type="visarga"/></hi> tiruvi<choice><orig>p</orig><reg>pp</reg></choice>ira
· <lb n="11" break="no"/>mpēṭ’ āḷuṅ-kaṇa
· <lb n="12" break="no"/>ttār-uḷ muḷḷiṟ kiḻā
· <lb n="13" break="no"/>r vēppampoḻa
110 <lb n="14" break="no"/>ppāḻ Ivvūr āḷu
· <lb n="15" break="no"/>ṅ-kaṇattār-uḷ ku
· <lb n="16" break="no"/>ḻaippa<unclear reason="eccentric_ductus">lū</unclear>rk ka
·
· <lb n="17" break="no"/>ṇiyar A<hi rend="grantha">gniśarmma</hi>
115 <lb n="18" break="no"/>ṉ vilai-<hi rend="grantha">śrā</hi>vaṇai
· <lb n="19" break="no"/>yāl viṟṟu koṇ
· <lb n="20" break="no"/>ṭu Ivvūr <hi rend="grantha">paraśu
· <lb n="21" break="no"/>r<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>m<choice><orig>ī</orig><reg>e</reg></choice>śvara</hi>ttu <hi rend="grantha">mahāde</hi>
· <lb n="22" break="no"/>varkku tiruviḷak
120 <lb n="23" break="no"/>ku-ney-p-puṟam-<unclear>ā</unclear>
· <lb n="24" break="no"/>ka kuṭuttār
· </p>
· <p>
· <milestone unit="face" n="B"/>
125 <lb n="25" rend="tb-rotated"/>Ivvūr <hi rend="grantha">sabhai</hi>yō<choice><orig>mm</orig><reg>m</reg></choice>um In-nilatt-ē I-v-vūr-c cekk-uḷḷaṉa Ellām
· <lb n="26" rend="tb-rotated"/>naṭṭu-t tiruviḷakkukk-ē-y vāya Eṇṇai koḷvaṭ’ āka-p paṇittōm·
· </p>
·
· </div>
130
· <div type="apparatus">
·
· <listApp>
·
135 <app loc="1">
· <lem><hi rend="grantha">śrī</hi></lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Venkayya1911-1912_01">śrī-</rdg>
· <note>We believe that <foreign>śrī</foreign> is not a prefix to the name of the king, but part of the auspicious beginning.</note>
· </app>
140
· <app loc="1">
· <lem>nantippō<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied>taraiyarkku</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Venkayya1911-1912_01">na<choice><sic>nti</sic><corr><hi rend="grantha">ndi</hi></corr></choice>ppō<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied>taraiyarkku</rdg>
· <note>The correction seems to us unnecessary, as we consider that the conjunct <foreign>nti</foreign> is in Tamil script and not in Grantha, both alphabets sharing these characters. Note that <bibl><ptr target="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"/></bibl> writes in the word <foreign>nanti</foreign> the same syllable <foreign>nti</foreign> is with two <foreign>eḻuttu</foreign>s.</note>
145 </app>
·
· <app loc="4">
· <lem>mūṉṟāvatu</lem>
· <note><bibl><ptr target="bib:Venkayya1911-1912_01"/></bibl> notes: “The secondary <hi rend="italic">ā</hi> of <hi rend="italic">ṟā</hi> is a separate symbol.”</note>
150 </app>
·
· <app loc="10">
· <lem>ḥ</lem>
· <note><bibl><ptr target="bib:Venkayya1911-1912_01"/></bibl> notes: “The <hi rend="italic">visarga</hi> is used here as a sign of punctuation. Compare <hi rend="italic">South-Ind. Inscrs.</hi> Vol. II p. 111, note 1.”</note>
155 </app>
·
· <app loc="10">
· <lem>tiruvi<choice><orig>p</orig><reg>pp</reg></choice>irampēṭ'</lem>
· <note>Compare <foreign>tiruvippirampēṭ'</foreign> in IP 110, line 9, and <foreign>tiruviṟppirampēṭ'</foreign> in IP 181, line 17.</note>
160 </app>
·
· <app loc="12">
· <lem> kiḻār</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Venkayya1911-1912_01">kiḻ<unclear>ā</unclear>r</rdg>
165 <note>The medial <foreign>ā</foreign> is clear on the stone, but smaller.</note>
· </app>
·
· <app loc="17">
· <lem><hi rend="grantha">Agniśarmma</hi>ṉ</lem>
170 <rdg source="bib:Venkayya1911-1912_01"><unclear>A</unclear>gniśa<unclear>r</unclear>mmaṉ</rdg>
· <note>All letters are clear on the stone.</note>
· </app>
·
· <app loc="18">
175 <lem><hi rend="grantha">śrā</hi>vaṇai</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Venkayya1911-1912_01">vilaiśrāva<unclear>ṇ</unclear>ai</rdg>
· <note>All letters are clear on the stone.</note>
· </app>
·
180 <app loc="21">
· <lem><hi rend="grantha">mahāde</hi>varkku</lem>
· <note><bibl><ptr target="bib:Venkayya1911-1912_01"/></bibl> notes: “The <hi rend="italic">aksharas hādē</hi> are much smaller than the rest of the inscription.”</note></app>
·
· <app loc="25">
185 <lem>cekk-uḷḷaṉa</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Venkayya1911-1912_01"><unclear>ce</unclear>kkuḷ<unclear>ḷa</unclear>ṉa</rdg>
· <note>All letters are clear on the stone.</note>
· </app>
·
190 <app loc="26">
· <lem>vāya</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:GopinathaRao1911_01">vāy</rdg>
· </app>
·
195 <app loc="26">
· <lem>paṇittōm·</lem>
· <note><bibl><ptr target="bib:Venkayya1911-1912_01"/></bibl> notes: “The <hi rend="italic">puḷḷi</hi> which is conspicuous by its absence in the whole inscription is marked on the last letter <hi rend="italic">m</hi>.”</note>
· </app>
·
200 </listApp>
·
· </div>
·
· <div type="translation" resp="part:emfr">
205
· <p n="1">
· Prosperity! Fortune!
· </p>
·
210 <p n="1-5">
· Twenty-third year of Nantippōttaraiyar.
· </p>
·
· <p n="5-24">
215 ...
· </p>
·
· <p n="25-26">
· ...
220 </p>
· </div>
·
· <div type="commentary">
·
225
· <p n="18">
· <foreign>vilai-<hi rend="grantha">śrā</hi>vaṇai</foreign>. <bibl><ptr target="bib:Venkayya1911-1912_01"/></bibl> notes: <quote>The term <hi rend="italic">vilai-śravaṇai</hi> occurs twice in a similar context in <hi rend="italic">South-Ind. Inscrs.</hi> Vol. III. p. 105, text-line 5.</quote>
· </p>
·
230 <p n="22">
· <foreign>tiruviḷakku-ney-p-puṟam</foreign>.
· <bibl><ptr target="bib:Venkayya1911-1912_01"/></bibl> notes: <quote>With <hi rend="italic">tiruviḷakku-ney-ppuṟam</hi> compare <hi rend="italic">ambala-ppuṟam</hi> (above<hi rend="italic">=South-Ind. Inscrs.</hi>, Vol. III. p. 285, text-line 7), <hi rend="italic">nandavāṉa-puram</hi> (<hi rend="italic">South-Ind. Inscrs.</hi> Vol. III. p. 5, text-line 5), <hi rend="italic">pudukku-ppuṟam</hi> (ibid. p. 7, text-line 8) and <hi rend="italic">uṇṇāḻigai-ppuṟam</hi> (ibid. p. 19, text-line 6).</quote>
· </p>
·
235 <p n="25">
· <foreign>cekk-uḷḷaṉa</foreign>.
· <bibl><ptr target="bib:Venkayya1911-1912_01"/></bibl> notes: <quote>It is also possible that the reading is <hi rend="italic">cēkk-uḷḷana</hi> (instead of <hi rend="italic">cekk-uḷḷaṉa</hi>), in which case the translation would be “all (the crops) for which the fields of this village are (fit) shall be raised on this field, and the oil required for the sacred lamps shall be purchased (out of the produce).</quote>
· </p>
·
240 </div>
·
· <div type="bibliography">
·
·<p>
245Edited and translated into English in <bibl><ptr target="bib:GopinathaRao1911_01"/></bibl>; re-edited and translated into English in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Venkayya1911-1912_01"/></bibl> (EI 11, no. 22A), with facsimile; text and summary in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"/></bibl> (IP 144); re-edited and translated here by Emmanuel Francis (2020), based on photographs (2019), kindly provided by Valérie Gillet.
·</p>
·
·
· <listBibl type="primary">
250 <bibl n="GR">
· <ptr target="bib:GopinathaRao1911_01"/>
· <citedRange unit="item">D</citedRange>
· <citedRange unit="page">111-113</citedRange>
· </bibl>
255 <bibl n="V">
· <ptr target="bib:Venkayya1911-1912_01"/>
· <citedRange unit="item">A</citedRange>
· <citedRange unit="page">224-225</citedRange>
· </bibl>
260 <bibl n="IP">
· <ptr target="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"/>
· <citedRange unit="item">144</citedRange>
· <citedRange unit="page">421-422</citedRange>
· </bibl>
265 </listBibl>
·
· <listBibl type="secondary">
·
· <bibl n="ARIE 1903-1904">
270 <ptr target="bib:ARIE1903-1904"/>
· <citedRange unit="page">22</citedRange>
· <citedRange unit="appendix">A/1903</citedRange>
· <citedRange unit="item">229</citedRange>
· </bibl>
275 </listBibl>
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Commentary
(18) vilai-śrāvaṇai. Venkayya 1911–1912 notes: “The term vilai-śravaṇai occurs twice in a similar context in South-Ind. Inscrs. Vol. III. p. 105, text-line 5.”
(22) tiruviḷakku-ney-p-puṟam. Venkayya 1911–1912 notes: “With tiruviḷakku-ney-ppuṟam compare ambala-ppuṟam (above=South-Ind. Inscrs., Vol. III. p. 285, text-line 7), nandavāṉa-puram (South-Ind. Inscrs. Vol. III. p. 5, text-line 5), pudukku-ppuṟam (ibid. p. 7, text-line 8) and uṇṇāḻigai-ppuṟam (ibid. p. 19, text-line 6).”
(25) cekk-uḷḷaṉa. Venkayya 1911–1912 notes: “It is also possible that the reading is cēkk-uḷḷana (instead of cekk-uḷḷaṉa), in which case the translation would be “all (the crops) for which the fields of this village are (fit) shall be raised on this field, and the oil required for the sacred lamps shall be purchased (out of the produce).”