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· <title>Uttiramērūr, Vaikuṇṭhaperumāḷ, larger platform, southern base, time of
· Dantivarman, year 21</title>
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· <forename>Emmanuel</forename>
· <surname>Francis</surname>
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20 <respStmt>
· <resp>intellectual authorship of edition</resp>
· <persName ref="part:emfr">
· <forename>Emmanuel</forename>
· <surname>Francis</surname>
25 </persName>
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· <authority>DHARMA</authority>
30 <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
· <idno type="filename">DHARMA_INSPallava00109</idno>
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· <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
· <p>This work is licenced under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported
35 Licence. To view a copy of the licence, visit
· https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to
· Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View,
· California, 94041, USA.</p>
· <p>Copyright (c) 2019-2025 by Emmanuel Francis.</p>
40 </licence>
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· <date from="2019" to="2025">2019-2025</date>
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· <p>The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC)
· under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant
65 agreement no 809994).</p>
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·<div type="edition" xml:lang="tam-Latn" rendition="class:tamil maturity:83215">
·
90 <ab xml:lang="san-Latn" rendition="class:grantha maturity:83215">
· <lb n="1"/><hi rend="grantha"><unclear>sva</unclear>sti śrī</hi></ab>
· <p>
· <hi rend="grantha">da</hi>n=ti-vi<hi rend="grantha"><unclear>kra</unclear></hi>ma-pa<hi rend="grantha">rmma</hi><supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied>kku yāṇṭu Irupatt' oṉṟ-āvatu nāḷ nūṟṟu Iru-pattu Iraṇṭu
· </p>
95 <p>
· Uttaramēru-catu‡<hi rend="grantha"><supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied>vve</hi>ti-maṅgalattu <hi rend="grantha">sabhai</hi>yōm ceyta <hi rend="grantha">vya</hi>va<hi rend="grantha">sthai</hi>
· </p>
· <p> Emmūr <hi rend="grantha">bhū</hi>mi-Uṭaiya kuṭikaḷ <hi rend="grantha">bhū</hi>mi-<hi rend="grantha">sā</hi>mantu <unclear>ceyka Eṉṟu van=taṉa Epper</unclear>ppaṭṭaṉa
· <lb n="2" break="no"/>vum <hi rend="grantha"><unclear>sā</unclear></hi><unclear>man=tu</unclear> ceyya va<choice><orig>ṉ</orig><reg>n</reg></choice>ta <hi rend="grantha">bhū</hi>mi-y-uṭaiyāṉ muṉ ṉi<unclear>ṉṟu</unclear> po<choice><orig>ṉṉ</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice> iṭātār <hi rend="grantha">bhū</hi>mikku <hi rend="grantha">sā</hi>mantu <gap reason="illegible" quantity="2" unit="character" precision="low"/> m po<choice><orig>ṉṉ</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice> iṭa-mā‡ṭṭā<unclear>ta</unclear> kuṭi palavum niṟkka-māṭṭātu pōṉamaiyil Ūrōmēy po<choice><orig>ṉṉ</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice> iṭṭu Avaṉ <hi rend="grantha">bhū</hi>miyil <gap reason="illegible" quantity="2" unit="character"/> poṉ<unclear>ṉu</unclear>kku vēṇṭum aḷa<unclear>vu</unclear> Emmūr vaiyiramē
100 <lb n="3" break="no"/>ka-taṭākattukkē <hi rend="grantha">bhū</hi>mi-y-āka <hi rend="grantha">sā</hi>ma<unclear>n=tu</unclear> ceytu viṟṟu-k kuṭuttu maṇṭakattu kallilē Eḻuttu <unclear>ve</unclear>ṭṭu‡vat' ākavum
· </p>
· <p>
· Ipparicēy vayiramēka-taṭākattukku viṟṟa <hi rend="grantha">bhū</hi>mi mu-<unclear>yā</unclear>ṇṭiṉ Akam-paṭi Uṭaiyaṉ mīḷka varil niyāyattāl
· <lb n="4"/>koḷḷa <unclear>U</unclear>ṭaiya poṉ ellām koṇṭu viṭṭu-k kuṭuppat’ ākavum
105 </p>
· <p>
· mūṉṟu <hi rend="grantha">sām</hi>va<hi rend="grantha">tsara</hi><unclear>mum</unclear> ‡ kaḻintāl <unclear>I</unclear>p-pū<choice><unclear>mi</unclear><unclear>me</unclear></choice> y-<choice><orig>i</orig><reg>iv</reg></choice>-vay<choice><unclear>a</unclear><unclear>i</unclear></choice>ramēkattukkē <unclear>Aṟa viṟṟu Aṭṭuvat' ā</unclear>kavum
· </p>
· <p>
110 Ipparic’ aṉṟi Ār ā<supplied reason="omitted">ki</supplied><unclear>lu</unclear>m mīḷa-p paṇippār-uḷar ākil Avaṉ <hi rend="grantha">bhū</hi>miyu
· <lb n="5" break="no"/>m va<choice><orig>yy</orig><reg>y</reg></choice>iramēka-taṭākattukē mutal-āka viṟṟu Aṭṭuvat’ ākavum
· </p>
· <p>
· Ivaṉ <hi rend="grantha">grā</hi><unclear>ma-kaṇṭakaṉ</unclear> āvāṉ ākavum
115 </p>
· <p>
· ‡ <unclear>Itu</unclear> mīḷa-p paṇi kēṭṭa ma<hi rend="grantha">dhyastha</hi>ṉ-uḷaṉ ā<choice><sic>y</sic><corr>k</corr></choice>il Avaṉai veṭṭi-p pōka Iṭu<unclear>vat’ ā</unclear>kavum
· </p>
· <p>
120 <unclear>I</unclear>pparicu ceytu mīḷa-p paṇi<surplus>t</surplus>ttu-p paṇi-y <gap reason="undefined" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
· </p>
·
· </div>
· <div type="apparatus">
125
· <listApp>
· <app loc="1">
· <lem>°vi<hi rend="grantha"><unclear>kra</unclear></hi>ma°</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01">°vi<hi rend="grantha"><unclear>kra</unclear></hi>ma°</rdg>
130 <note>Alternative reading: <foreign>°vikk=rama°</foreign></note>
· </app>
· <app loc="1">
· <lem>°catu‡<hi rend="grantha"><supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied>vve</hi>ti°</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01">°catu<hi rend="grantha">rvve</hi>ti°</rdg>
135 </app>
·
· <app loc="2">
· <lem>iṭa-mā‡ṭṭā<unclear>ta</unclear></lem>
· <rdg source="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01">iṭa-mā<surplus>ā</surplus>ṭṭā<unclear>ta</unclear></rdg>
140 </app>
·
· <app loc="4">
· <lem><hi rend="grantha">sām</hi>va<hi rend="grantha">tsara</hi><unclear>mum</unclear></lem>
· <rdg source="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01"><hi rend="grantha">sāṁ</hi>va<hi rend="grantha">tsa</hi>ramu<unclear>um</unclear></rdg>
145 </app>
· </listApp>
· </div>
·
· <div type="translation" resp="part:emfr">
150 <p n="1">
· Prosperity! Fortune!
· </p>
· <p n="1">
· Twenty-first year and day one hundred twenty-two of Dantivikramavarman.
155 </p>
· <p n="1">Decision <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>vyavasthā</foreign></supplied> that We, the members of the assembly of Uttaramērucaturrvedimaṅgala, did.</p>
· <p n="1-3">Whereas the cultivators <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kuṭikaḷ</foreign></supplied> who owns land in our village, after saying “Let us make the boundary assessment" <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign><hi rend="grantha">sāmantu</hi></foreign></supplied>, made the the boundary assessment, of whatsoever kind that has come <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>vantaṉa</foreign></supplied>, many cultivators <supplied reason="explanation">kuṭi palavum</supplied>, coming forward <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>muṉ niṉṟu</foreign>, literally "standing in front"</supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">as</supplied> land-owners <supplied reason="subaudible">and</supplied> not able to provide gold <supplied reason="subaudible">according</supplied> to the boundary assessment, did not provide gold <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>poṉ iṭātār</foreign></supplied> gold, because of having left<supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>pōṉamaiyil</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">the village</supplied> without coming <supplied reason="subaudible">forward to pay this due</supplied> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>niṟkkamāṭṭātu</foreign></supplied>, let it be engraved <supplied reason="subaudible">in</supplied> letters on the stone of the <foreign>maṇḍapa</foreign> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>maṇṭakattu</foreign></supplied> that, We, the members of the village committee <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ūrōm</foreign></supplied>, after having provided gold <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>poṉ iṭṭu</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">and</supplied> having made the boundary assessment for the Vajramegha tank in our village <supplied reason="subaudible">as per</supplied> the extent <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>aḷavu</foreign></supplied> which is necessary <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>vēṇtum</foreign></supplied> for the gold <supplied reason="subaudible">due for</supplied> his <supplied reason="explanation">i.e. the defaulter</supplied> land, we gave it for sale.</p>
· <p n="3-4">In this wise <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ipparicēy</foreign></supplied>, if the owner <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṭaiyaṉ</foreign></supplied> of an inner tract <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>akam paṭi</foreign></supplied> comes to recover <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>mīḷka varil</foreign></supplied>, <supplied reason="subaudible">within</supplied> three years <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>mu-yāṇṭiṉ</foreign></supplied>, land sold for the Vajramegha tank, let <supplied reason="subaudible">us</supplied> give <supplied reason="subaudible">it</supplied> back <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kuṭuppat’ ākavum</foreign></supplied>, after receiving the full gold <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>poṉ ellām koṇṭu viṭṭu</foreign></supplied> due to get it as per the regulation <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>niyāyattāl koḷḷa uṭaiya</foreign></supplied>.</p>
· <p n="4">If three years pass away <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kaḻintāl</foreign></supplied>, let <supplied reason="subaudible">us</supplied> endow <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>aṭṭuvatu</foreign></supplied> this land for the Vajramegha tank, after selling <supplied reason="subaudible">it</supplied> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>viṟṟu</foreign></supplied> permanently <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>aṟa</foreign>, literally "so as to be settled"</supplied>.</p>
160 <p n="4-5">Contrary to this wise <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ipparic’ aṉṟi</foreign>, “not being this wise”</supplied>, if <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ākil</foreign></supplied> one among those who give orders <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>paṇippār-uḷar</foreign></supplied>, whoever he is <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ār ākilum</foreign>, i.e. <foreign>yār ākilum</foreign></supplied>, <supplied reason="subaudible">orders</supplied> to return <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>mīḷa</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">such lands</supplied>, let <supplied reason="subaudible">us</supplied> endow land of his own <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>avaṉ bhūmiyum</foreign></supplied>, after selling <supplied reason="subaudible">it</supplied>, as capital <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>mutal-āka</foreign></supplied> for the Vajramegha tank.</p>
· <p n="5">Let him be <supplied reason="subaudible">considered</supplied> an enemy of the village <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>grāma-kaṇṭakaṉ</foreign></supplied>.</p>
·<p n="5">If one among the <foreign>madhyastha</foreign>s <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>madhyasthaṉ-uḷaṉ āyil</foreign></supplied> sollicits an order to return <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>mīḷa-p paṇi kēṭṭa</foreign></supplied> this <supplied reason="explanation">i.e., such a land</supplied>, let <supplied reason="subaudible">him</supplied> be discharged of office <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>avaṉai veṭṭippōka iṭuvatu ākavum</foreign></supplied>.</p>
·<p n="5">Having done <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ceytu</foreign></supplied> in this wise, and having ordered to return <supplied reason="subaudible">such lands</supplied> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>mīḷa-p paṇittu</foreign></supplied> <gap reason="ellipsis"/> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>paṇi-y</foreign></supplied> <gap reason="lost"/></p>
· </div>
165
· <div type="commentary">
· <p>EI version: 4 lines. Incorrect for 5 lines.</p>
· <p><foreign>sāmantu</foreign>. See EI discussion.</p>
· <p n="4-5"><foreign>niyāyattāl koḷḷa uṭaiya poṉ ellām</foreign>. See EI, p. 33. Literally: "the entire gold owned so as to get [the land] as per regulation".</p>
170 <p n="4-5"><foreign>veṭṭi-p pōka iṭu<unclear>vat’ ā</unclear>kavum</foreign>. See EI, p. 34. Literally: "...".</p>
· </div>
·
· <div type="bibliography">
·
175 <p>
· Edited in Subrahmanya Aiyer <bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01"/></bibl> (SII 6, no. 334); re-edited and translated by Subrahmanya Aiyer <bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1936-1937_01"/></bibl> (EI 24, no. 7/A); text and summary in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"/></bibl> (IP 109); re-edited and first translated here by Emmanuel Francis (2020), from autopsy and photographs (2019).
·</p>
·
· <listBibl type="primary">
180
· <bibl n="KVSA 1928">
· <ptr target="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01"/>
· <citedRange unit="page">161</citedRange>
· <citedRange unit="item">344</citedRange>
185 </bibl>
· <bibl n="KVSA 1936-1937">
· <ptr target="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1936-1937_01"/>
· <citedRange unit="page">29-34</citedRange>
· </bibl>
190 <bibl n="IP">
· <ptr target="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"/>
· <citedRange unit="page">352-353</citedRange>
· <citedRange unit="item">109</citedRange>
· </bibl>
195 </listBibl>
·
· <listBibl type="secondary">
·
· <bibl n="ARIE 1897-1898">
200 <ptr target="bib:ARIE1897-1898"/>
· <citedRange unit="page">18</citedRange>
· <citedRange unit="appendix">B/1898</citedRange>
· <citedRange unit="item">61</citedRange>
· </bibl>
205
· </listBibl>
·
· </div>
·
210 </body>
· </text>
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Commentary
EI version: 4 lines. Incorrect for 5 lines.
sāmantu. See EI discussion.
(4–5) niyāyattāl koḷḷa uṭaiya poṉ ellām. See EI, p. 33. Literally: "the entire gold owned so as to get [the land] as per regulation".
(4–5) veṭṭi-p pōka iṭu(vat’ ā)kavum. See EI, p. 34. Literally: "...".