Paiyaṉūr, time of Nandivikramavarman, year 37

Editor: Emmanuel Francis.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSPallava00083.

Summary: Rock inscription recording the decision of the Kaṇaṭṭārs of Payiṉūr concerning a donation by the merchant Nākaṉ of Uḻakkuṇi, residing at Māmallapuram.

Hand description:

Languages: Sanskrit, Tamil.

Repository: Pallava (tfa-pallava-epigraphy).

Version: 2025-01-22 17:50 (a90ca73), last modified 2025-01-11 18:26 (007a50e).

⟨1⟩ śrī

kō-vic¡a!⟨ai⟩ya-nanti-vikkirama-parumaṟku yāṇṭu mu⟨2⟩ppatt’ eḻ-āvatu

payiṉūr-k kaṇattēm Oṭṭiyatu

māma⟨3⟩llapurattil iruntu vāḻum Uḻakkuṇi vāṇikaṉ nākaṉ ⟨4⟩ Emm-ūr-p pēr-ēri poli-y-ūṭṭiṉāṟ ṟō(ṇ)ṭuvataṟku-k{ku} ⟨5⟩ koṭutta nel poṟ-kālāl Āṟ’ ā⟨6⟩yirattu nā-ṉūṟṟu-k kāṭi in-nel yāṅkaḷ ⟨7⟩ koṇṭu ivv-ēriyiṉir u¡ṇ!⟨ṇṇ⟩un nilam ellā⟨8⟩v¿i?⟨a⟩ṟṟiṉ mē(lu)m viṟkilum oṟṟi Iṭilum paṭṭiyāṟ pa⟨9⟩tiṉ aṟu-kāṭi-c ceytu nel paṭṭi-y (o/ō) [2+] kaṭaṉ-ā¡yi!⟨y⟩ In-ne⟨10⟩llilē Iru-kāṭi-c ce¡(yi)!⟨y⟩tuṅ koṇṭu (payiṉūr A)ṉṉu nāmam-uḷḷa ⟨11⟩ taṉaiyum (Āṭṭāṇṭu-tō)ṟum ēri (tōṇṭuvi)ppō(m)

āy [3+] ttiṉa-Il (ke)⟨12⟩ṭai-y ēṟṟu-k-koṇṭēm

Itaṟku vakri-p-pātāṉ candrātityar{r}-uḷḷa taṉaiyum ⟨13⟩ narakattiṉiṟpāṉ ākavum

itaṟku nallatu vēṇṭi(ṉār) cantirātittiyar⟨14⟩-uḷḷa nāḷaiyum svargga(ttilē)-y iruppār ākavum

Oṭṭiṉēm

Ippaṭi-k kuṟi⟨15⟩yi(l-i)runtu [5+] cēṭṭananti-Eṉ

⟨16⟩ [5+] ṭṭāmē celuttiṉār Aṭi (Eṉ) ⟨17⟩ ṟalai mēlaṉa

Translation by Emmanuel Francis

(1) Fortune!

(1–2) Thirty-seventh year of the victorious king Nantivikkiramaparumaṉ.¹

(2) Decision of We, the Kaṇattārs of Payiṉūṟ.

(2) [As for] the paddy that Nākaṉ, a merchant [from] Uḻakkuṇi, residing in Māmallapuram, gave for digging (that is, desilting) with its interest the great lake in our village, [that is], six thousand four hundred kāṭis [as per the standard] poṟkāl, We (yāṅkaḷ), with (koṇṭu) this paddy, having made (that is, levied) sixteen kāṭis per paṭṭi on (mēlum) whatever (ellāvaṟṟiṉ) land which draws [water] (uṇṇun) in this lake, whether sold or mortgaged (viṟkilum oṟṟi iṭilum), [and] having also made (that is, levied) two kāṭis on this paddy as due (kaṭaṉ) […] [per] paṭṭi of paddy (that is, yielding paddy) […], with (koṇṭu) [these] as long as (-uḷḷa taṉaiyum) the … (aṉṉu) name Payiṉūr, each and every year we will dig (that is, desilt).

[…] we have taken charge (ēṟṟukkoṇṭēm) of the ¿bamboo? (keṭai).

To this [decision], he who … (vakrippātāṉ) shall remain in hell as long as the moon and the sun.

To this [decision], he who wishes goodness (nallatu vēṇṭiṉār) shall remain in heaven as long as (-uḷḷa nāḷaiyum) the moon and the sun.

[Thus] have we decided.

In this manner, I, Cēṭṭananti (Sanskrit Jyeṣṭhanandin) […] from the kuṟi […]

[…] of he who implement (celuttiṉār) […], the feet are on my head.

Commentary

(2, 10) Payiṉūr is the ancient name of modern Paiyaṉūr.

(12–14) Add note on the imprecations, which are calques of Sanskrit imprecations.

Bibliography

Reported in Krishnamacharlu 1936 (ARIE/1932-1933/B/1932-1933/1094).

Edited in Venkatasubba Ayyar 1943. Text and summary in Mahalingam 1988 (IP 83).

This digital edition by Emmanuel Francis, based on previous edition(s).

Primary

[SII] Venkatasubba Ayyar, V. 1943. South Indian inscriptions. Volume XII: The Pallavas (with introductory notes in English). South Indian Inscriptions 12. Madras: Government Press. Pages 14–15, item 34.

[IP] Mahalingam, T. V. 1988. Inscriptions of the Pallavas. New Delhi; Delhi: Indian Council of Historical Research; Agam Prakashan. Pages 279–280, item 83.

Secondary

[ARIE] Krishnamacharlu, C. R. 1936. Annual report on South Indian epigraphy for the year ending 31st March 1933. Delhi: Archaeological survey of India (Manager of Publications). Page 17, appendixes B/1932-1933, item 109.

Notes

1. Sanskrit Nandivikramavarman.That is, the Pallava king Nandivarman II.

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kō-vic<choice><orig>a</orig><reg>ai</reg></choice>ya-nanti-vikkirama-parumaṟku yāṇṭu mu

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payiṉūr-k kaṇattēm Oṭṭiyatu

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Fortune!

Thirty-seventh year of the victorious king Nantivikkiramaparumaṉ.<note>Sanskrit Nandivikramavarman.That is, the Pallava king Nandivarman II.</note>

Decision of We, the Kaṇattārs of Payiṉūṟ.

<supplied reason="subaudible">As for</supplied> the paddy that Nākaṉ, a merchant <supplied reason="subaudible">from</supplied> Uḻakkuṇi, residing in Māmallapuram, gave for digging <supplied reason="explanation">that is, desilting</supplied> with its interest the great lake in our village, <supplied reason="subaudible">that is</supplied>, six thousand four hundred <foreign>kāṭi</foreign>s <supplied reason="subaudible">as per the standard</supplied> <foreign>poṟkāl</foreign>, We <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>yāṅkaḷ</foreign></supplied>, with <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>koṇṭu</foreign></supplied> this paddy, having made <supplied reason="explanation">that is, levied</supplied> sixteen <foreign>kāṭi</foreign>s per <foreign>paṭṭi</foreign> on <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>mēlum</foreign></supplied> whatever <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ellāvaṟṟiṉ</foreign></supplied> land which draws <supplied reason="subaudible">water</supplied> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṇṇun</foreign></supplied> in this lake, whether sold or mortgaged <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>viṟkilum oṟṟi iṭilum</foreign></supplied>, <supplied reason="subaudible">and</supplied> having also made <supplied reason="explanation">that is, levied</supplied> two <foreign>kāṭi</foreign>s on this paddy as due <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kaṭaṉ</foreign></supplied> <gap reason="lost"/> <supplied reason="subaudible">per</supplied> <foreign>paṭṭi</foreign> of paddy <supplied reason="explanation">that is, yielding paddy</supplied> <gap reason="lost"/>, with <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>koṇṭu</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">these</supplied> as long as <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>-uḷḷa taṉaiyum</foreign></supplied> the <gap reason="ellipsis"/> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>aṉṉu</foreign></supplied> name Payiṉūr, each and every year we will dig <supplied reason="explanation">that is, desilt</supplied>.

<gap reason="lost"/> we have taken charge <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ēṟṟukkoṇṭēm</foreign></supplied> of the <seg cert="low">bamboo</seg> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>keṭai</foreign></supplied>.

To this <supplied reason="subaudible">decision</supplied>, he who … <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>vakrippātāṉ</foreign></supplied> shall remain in hell as long as the moon and the sun.

To this <supplied reason="subaudible">decision</supplied>, he who wishes goodness <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nallatu vēṇṭiṉār</foreign></supplied> shall remain in heaven as long as <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>-uḷḷa nāḷaiyum</foreign></supplied> the moon and the sun.

<supplied reason="subaudible">Thus</supplied> have we decided.

In this manner, I, Cēṭṭananti <supplied reason="explanation">Sanskrit Jyeṣṭhanandin</supplied> <gap reason="lost"/> from the <foreign>kuṟi</foreign> <gap reason="lost"/>

<gap reason="lost"/> of he who implement <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>celuttiṉār</foreign></supplied> <gap reason="lost"/>, the feet are on my head.

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Payiṉūr is the ancient name of modern Paiyaṉūr.

Add note on the imprecations, which are calques of Sanskrit imprecations.

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Reported in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1932-1933"/></bibl> (ARIE/1932-1933/B/1932-1933/1094).

Edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:VenkatasubbaAyyar1943_01"/></bibl>. Text and summary in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"/></bibl> (IP 83).

This digital edition by Emmanuel Francis, based on previous edition(s).

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