Kāñcīpuram, Mukteśvara, time of Nandivarman, year 28

Editor: Emmanuel Francis.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSPallava00080.

Summary: Donation by Dharmamahādevi.

Hand description:

The puḷḷi is used almost consistently. It has the form of a dot, or a wedge, or a wavy line, and is placed exactly above the consonant or slightly to the right above of the consonant.

Languages: Sanskrit, Source, Tamil.

Repository: Pallava (tfa-pallava-epigraphy).

Version: 2024-12-21 12:36 (f2f3eaa), last modified 2024-06-25 10:26 (75053ab).

⟨Faces ABC: western and southern bases of maṇḍapa, and western base of vimāna⟩ ⟨1⟩ ⟨Block 1: western base of maṇḍapa⟩ [svasti śrī]

nan=t[i]-va[rmmar·k=ku yāṇṭ’ i]ru patt’ eṭ·ṭ-āvatu

(dha)[rmma] ⟨Block 2: western base of maṇḍapa⟩ -(ma)hādev(i/ī)śvara-gṛ⟨ha⟩ttu māṇik=ka-devar·k=ku devatāṉam-āyiṉa nāyivaṭṭi kuḷat ⟨Block 3: southern base of maṇḍapa⟩ tūr·k kaṇ·ṇantai kuṭi-p·-pāṭ·ṭ’ uḷ·pa ⟨Block 4: southern base of maṇḍapa⟩ (ṭa) ṉilam· pattu-p paṭṭiy(u)māṇik=k¿u?⟨a⟩-tēvark=k’ uṇ·ṇāḻikai-p puṟam-(ā) ⟨Block 5: southern base of maṇḍapa⟩ ka paṇittu-k= kuṭuttēṉ· dharma-mahādevi-y-ēṉ·

Itu A(r)ccaṉ¡ayi!⟨ai⟩ ce¡y(i)!⟨y⟩t’ uṇ(pā)r-āṉār· In·nilat·t¿a?⟨ā⟩l ⟨Block 6: western base of vimāna⟩ Ūr· varin=tat’ ellām ⟨2⟩ ⟨Block 1: western base of maṇḍapa⟩ tattaśivaṉu⟨kku⟩(m·) dharmmakaṇ[·]ṇaṉuk=kum· Aṉan·taśi[va] ⟨Block 2: western base of maṇḍapa⟩ ṉukkum· Iva⟨r⟩kaḷ makkaḷ mak=kaḷ-ē Arccaṉai ce¡yi!⟨y⟩t’ uṇṇa-p paṇittu ⟨Block 3: southern base of maṇḍapa⟩ k kuṭuttēṉ·

It-taḷikkut taṭṭaḻi ⟨Block 4: southern base of maṇḍapa⟩ (vu)y ivaraik· koṇ·ṭu koṭṭuvāṉ· Amutarayaṉ· (nā)yaṟṟu-k· kaṇi I⟨va⟩ṉuk ⟨Block 5: southern base of maṇḍapa⟩ kum· māṭalar makaṉ· māta-śarmmanuk·kum· Iruvark·kumm utaka-pūrvvakam· ceytu Iraṇṭu koṟṟu kuṭut·tōm·

⟨Block 6: western base of vimāna⟩

⟨Faces DE: southern and eastern bases of vimāna⟩ ⟨3⟩ ⟨Block 7: southern base of vimāna⟩ perunaṅ·kai-y i-poṉ·ṉaṭi Atimāṉi mātēvi kumaraṭi māṇikkat·tēvi tikaimaṇi kuṇatuṅ·ki ti ⟨Block 8: southern base of vimāna⟩ kaimaṇi vācat·ti c(i)n·taṭi kumaraṭi naṅ·k(ā) ⟨Block 9: southern base of vimāna⟩ ṭai Aṇiyātitti mūt·ti Av·vaṭi viñ·caṭi pātaṭi ku ⟨Block 10: southern base of vimāna⟩ lakkoṭi Av·vaṭi naṅ·kaṉ· ⟨Block 11: southern base of vimāna⟩ muciyak·kaṉ· śrī-tēvi naṅ·kāmi mā-tēvi nīlī maṇavāṭ·ṭi tēvaṭi mānip·poṟṟi ⟨Block 12: eastern base of vimāna⟩ Atimāṇi naṅ·kuṇavi ⟨Block 13: eastern base of vimāna⟩ bahuva(ḷa)(kāmi) maḻalai nocci tāḻi-māṇikkam· cittiraniti neṟippāki viṉa ⟨Block 14: eastern base of vimāna⟩ yaṭi Avvaṭi ciṟu-naṅkai kāmaṭi māti ⟨Block 15: eastern base of vimāna⟩ tikaimaṇi ⟨4⟩ ⟨Block 7: southern base of vimāna⟩ (ma)ntrācāryyar aivar· viḷak=kun= tavaci-kaṇāvar· paṉṉiruvar tavacikaḷ uṇ·ṇa-k k(u)ṭukka taḷiyāḷ·vār (ū)ṭṭārāka paṉṉiruva ⟨Block 8: southern base of vimāna⟩ r kut=tikaḷai (p/m)eyitu kuṭut=tēṉ

mutal mup ⟨Block 9: southern base of vimāna⟩ patiruvarum· Ip-paṉṉiruva⟨ru⟩m ēṟṟi nāṟpattu nālvar kam·pa ⟨Block 10: southern base of vimāna⟩ (ṉa)ttu k(u)ṭut=tēṉ· taruma-mā-deviyēṉ

⟨Block 11: southern base of vimāna⟩ It-taḷi-puṟam-āṉa nāyvaṭṭi k(u)ḷattūrum· It(=t)aḷi parivāramum· taḷiyum·

Idharmmam· Aḻiy(ā)mai k(ā)t=tāṉ aṭi Eṉ· muṭi mēl-atu

Faces ABC: western and southern bases of maṇḍapa, and western base of vimāna

⟨1⟩ ⟨Block 1: western base of maṇḍapa⟩ [svasti śrī] nan=t[i]-va[rmmar·k=ku yāṇṭ’ i]ru patt’ eṭ·ṭ-āvatu (dha)[rmma] ⟨Block 2: western base of maṇḍapa⟩ -(ma)hādev(i/ī)śvara-gṛ⟨ha⟩ttu māṇik=ka-devar·k=ku devatāṉam-āyiṉa nāyivaṭṭi kuḷat ⟨Block 3: southern base of maṇḍapa⟩ tūr·k kaṇ·ṇantai kuṭi-p·-pāṭ·ṭ’ uḷ·pa ⟨Block 4: southern base of maṇḍapa⟩ (ṭa) ṉilam· pattu-p paṭṭiy(u)māṇik=k¿u?⟨a⟩-tēvark=k’ uṇ·ṇāḻikai-p puṟam-(ā) ⟨Block 5: southern base of maṇḍapa⟩ ka paṇittu-k= kuṭuttēṉ· dharma-mahādevi-y-ēṉ· Itu A(r)ccaṉ¡ayi!⟨ai⟩ ce¡y(i)!⟨y⟩t’ uṇ(pā)r-āṉār· In·nilat·t¿a?⟨ā⟩l ⟨Block 6: western base of vimāna⟩ Ūr· varin=tat’ ellām

⟨2⟩ ⟨Block 1: western base of maṇḍapa⟩ tattaśivaṉu⟨kku⟩(m·) dharmmakaṇ[·]ṇaṉuk=kum· Aṉan·taśi[va] ⟨Block 2: western base of maṇḍapa⟩ ṉukkum· Iva⟨r⟩kaḷ makkaḷ mak=kaḷ-ē Arccaṉai ce¡yi!⟨y⟩t’ uṇṇa-p paṇittu ⟨Block 3: southern base of maṇḍapa⟩ k kuṭuttēṉ· It-taḷikkut taṭṭaḻi ⟨Block 4: southern base of maṇḍapa⟩ (vu)y ivaraik· koṇ·ṭu koṭṭuvāṉ· Amutarayaṉ· (nā)yaṟṟu-k· kaṇi I⟨va⟩ṉuk ⟨Block 5: southern base of maṇḍapa⟩ kum· māṭalar makaṉ· māta-śarmmanuk·kum· Iruvark·kumm utaka-pūrvvakam· ceytu Iraṇṭu koṟṟu kuṭut·tōm· ⟨Block 6: western base of vimāna⟩ _

Faces DE: southern and eastern bases of vimāna

⟨3⟩ ⟨Block 7: southern base of vimāna⟩ perunaṅ·kai-y i-poṉ·ṉaṭi Atimāṉi mātēvi kumaraṭi māṇikkat·tēvi tikaimaṇi kuṇatuṅ·ki ti ⟨Block 8: southern base of vimāna⟩ kaimaṇi vācat·ti c(i)n·taṭi kumaraṭi naṅ·k(ā) ⟨Block 9: southern base of vimāna⟩ ṭai Aṇiyātitti mūt·ti Av·vaṭi viñ·caṭi pātaṭi ku ⟨Block 10: southern base of vimāna⟩ lakkoṭi Av·vaṭi naṅ·kaṉ· ⟨Block 11: southern base of vimāna⟩ muciyak·kaṉ· śrī-tēvi naṅ·kāmi mā-tēvi nīlī maṇavāṭ·ṭi tēvaṭi mānip·poṟṟi ⟨Block 12: eastern base of vimāna⟩ Atimāṇi naṅ·kuṇavi ⟨Block 13: eastern base of vimāna⟩ bahuva(ḷa)(kāmi) maḻalai nocci tāḻi-māṇikkam· cittiraniti neṟippāki viṉa ⟨Block 14: eastern base of vimāna⟩ yaṭi Avvaṭi ciṟu-naṅkai kāmaṭi māti ⟨Block 15: eastern base of vimāna⟩ tikaimaṇi

⟨4⟩ ⟨Block 7: southern base of vimāna⟩ (ma)ntrācāryyar aivar· viḷak=kun= tavaci-kaṇāvar· paṉṉiruvar tavacikaḷ uṇ·ṇa-k k(u)ṭukka taḷiyāḷ·vār (ū)ṭṭārāka paṉṉiruva ⟨Block 8: southern base of vimāna⟩ r kut=tikaḷai (p/m)eyitu kuṭut=tēṉ mutal mup ⟨Block 9: southern base of vimāna⟩ patiruvarum· Ip-paṉṉiruva⟨ru⟩m ēṟṟi nāṟpattu nālvar kam·pa ⟨Block 10: southern base of vimāna⟩ (ṉa)ttu k(u)ṭut=tēṉ· taruma-mā-deviyēṉ ⟨Block 11: southern base of vimāna⟩ It-taḷi-puṟam-āṉa nāyvaṭṭi k(u)ḷattūrum· It(=t)aḷi parivāramum· taḷiyum· Idharmmam· Aḻiy(ā)mai k(ā)t=tāṉ aṭi Eṉ· muṭi mēl-atu

⟨Faces ABC: western and southern bases of maṇḍapa, and western base of vimāna⟩ ⟨1⟩ ⟨Block 1: western base of maṇḍapa⟩ [svasti śrī]

nan=t[i]-va[rmmar·k=ku yāṇṭ’ i]ru patt’ eṭ·ṭ-āvatu

⟨Block 6: western base of vimāna⟩ _

⟨Block 11: southern base of vimāna⟩ It-taḷi-puṟam-āṉa nāyvaṭṭi k(u)ḷattūrum· It(=t)aḷi parivāramum· taḷiyum·

Idharmmam· Aḻiy(ā)mai k(ā)t=tāṉ aṭi Eṉ· muṭi mēl-atu

Apparatus

⟨1⟩ °va[rmmar·k=ku] • The restoration °va[rmmaṟ·ku] is also possible, but see -devar·k=ku in the same line. — ⟨1⟩ [yāṇṭ’ i]ru patt’ eṭ·ṭ-āvatu ⬦ [3+]patt’ eṭ·ṭ-āvatu HKS.

⟨2⟩ tattaśivaṉu⟨kku⟩(m·) ⬦ (tatta)śivanum HKS • The final m· looks like ru, but the vertical stroke is too short to be r.

⟨3⟩ vācat·ti ⬦ sucat·ti HKS • Krishna Sastri reads anachronistically a later form of Grantah su. — ⟨3⟩ nīlī ⬦ nili HKS. — ⟨3⟩ bahuva(ḷa)(kāmi) ⬦ ba(hu)(va)(ḷa)kāmi HKS.

⟨4⟩ (ma)ntrācāryyar • The initial ma looks like pa. — ⟨4⟩ kut=tikaḷai (p/m)eyitu ⬦ kut=tika(ḷai)meytu HKS • — ⟨4⟩ Ip-paṉṉiruva⟨ru⟩m ēṟṟi ⬦ Ip-paṉṉiru(var ē)ṟṟi HKS •

Translation by Emmanuel Francis

(1) Prosperity! Fortune!

(1) Twenty-eight year of Nandi[varman].

Translation into French by Emmanuel Francis

(1) Prospérité! Fortune!

(1) Vingt-huitième année de Nandi[varman].

Commentary

The king of the regnal year is identified as Nandivarman II, because of the high regnal year (28th).

Bibliography

Edited in Krishna Sastri 1923 (SII 4.827), with a facsimile; text and summary in Mahalingam 1988 (IP 80); re-edited here by Emmanuel Francis (2020), based on autopsy, photos (2015), and the facsimile published in Krishna Sastri 1923. Some characters now lost are legible on this facsimile.

Primary

[HKS] Krishna Sastri, H. 1923. South-Indian inscriptions (texts). Volume IV: Miscellaneous inscriptions from the Tamil, Telugu and Kannada countries and Ceylon. South Indian Inscriptions 4. Madras: Government Press. Pages 285–286, item 827, plate IX.

[IP] Mahalingam, T. V. 1988. Inscriptions of the Pallavas. New Delhi; Delhi: Indian Council of Historical Research; Agam Prakashan. Pages 259–260, item 80.

Secondary

[ARIE 1892-1893] Hultzsch, Eugen Julius Theodor. 1893. G.O. Nos. 642-43, 14th August 1893. Epigraphy. Directing, with remarks, Dr. Hultzsch's report on Epigraphical work done during 1892-93 be forwarded to the Govrnement of India and approving of the programme for the next field season. Madras: Government of Madras, Public Department. Pages 4, 13, appendix B/1893, item 14.

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nan=t<supplied reason="lost">i</supplied>-va<supplied reason="lost"><hi rend="grantha">rmma</hi>r·k=ku yāṇṭ’ i</supplied>ru patt’ eṭ·ṭ-āvatu

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-<hi rend="grantha"><unclear>ma</unclear></hi><hi rend="grantha">hāde</hi>v<choice><unclear>i</unclear><unclear>ī</unclear></choice><hi rend="grantha">śva</hi>ra-<hi rend="grantha">gṛ<supplied reason="omitted">ha</supplied></hi>ttu <hi rend="grantha">mā</hi>ṇik=ka-<hi rend="grantha">de</hi>var·k=ku <hi rend="grantha">de</hi>vatāṉam-āyiṉa nāyivaṭṭi kuḷat

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tūr·k kaṇ·ṇantai kuṭi-p·-pāṭ·ṭ’ uḷ·pa

<milestone unit="block" n="4" break="no"/><label xml:lang="eng">southern base of <foreign>maṇḍapa</foreign></label>

<unclear reason="eccentric_ductus">ṭa</unclear> ṉilam· pattu-p paṭṭiy<unclear>u</unclear>māṇik=k<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>-tēvark=k’ uṇ·ṇāḻikai-p puṟam-<unclear>ā</unclear>

<milestone unit="block" n="5" break="no"/><label xml:lang="eng">southern base of <foreign>maṇḍapa</foreign></label>

ka paṇittu-k= kuṭuttēṉ· <hi rend="grantha">dharma-mahādevi</hi>-y-ēṉ·

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Itu <hi rend="grantha">A<unclear>r</unclear>cca</hi>ṉ<choice><orig>ayi</orig><reg>ai</reg></choice> ce<choice><orig>y<unclear>i</unclear></orig><reg>y</reg></choice>t’ uṇ<unclear>pā</unclear>r-āṉār· In·nilat·t<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>l

<milestone unit="block" n="6"/><label xml:lang="eng">western base of <foreign>vimāna</foreign></label>

Ūr· varin=tat’ ellām

<milestone unit="block" n="1"/><label xml:lang="eng">western base of <foreign>maṇḍapa</foreign></label>

tatta<hi rend="grantha">śi</hi>vaṉu<supplied reason="omitted">kku</supplied><unclear reason="eccentric_ductus">m·</unclear> <hi rend="grantha">dharmma</hi>kaṇ<supplied reason="lost">·</supplied>ṇaṉuk=kum· Aṉan·taśi<supplied reason="lost">va</supplied>

<milestone unit="block" n="2"/><label xml:lang="eng">western base of <foreign>maṇḍapa</foreign></label>

ṉukkum· Iva<supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied>kaḷ makkaḷ mak=kaḷ-ē Arccaṉai ce<choice><orig>yi</orig><reg>y</reg></choice>t’ uṇṇa-p paṇittu

<milestone unit="block" n="3"/><label xml:lang="eng">southern base of <foreign>maṇḍapa</foreign></label>

k kuṭuttēṉ·

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It-taḷikkut taṭṭaḻi

<milestone unit="block" n="4" break="no"/><label xml:lang="eng">southern base of <foreign>maṇḍapa</foreign></label>

<unclear>vu</unclear>y ivaraik· koṇ·ṭu koṭṭuvāṉ· Amutarayaṉ· <unclear>nā</unclear>yaṟṟu-k· kaṇi I<supplied reason="omitted">va</supplied>ṉuk

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kum· māṭalar makaṉ· māta-<hi rend="grantha">śarmma</hi>nuk·kum· Iruvark·kumm utaka-<hi rend="grantha">pūrvva</hi>kam· ceytu Iraṇṭu koṟṟu kuṭut·tōm·

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perunaṅ·kai-y i-poṉ·ṉaṭi Atimāṉi mātēvi kumaraṭi māṇikkat·tēvi tikaimaṇi kuṇatuṅ·ki ti

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ṭai Aṇiyātitti mūt·ti Av·vaṭi viñ·caṭi pātaṭi ku

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lakkoṭi Av·vaṭi naṅ·kaṉ·

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Atimāṇi naṅ·kuṇavi

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<hi rend="grantha">bahu</hi>va<hi rend="grantha"><unclear>ḷa</unclear></hi><unclear>kāmi</unclear> maḻalai nocci tāḻi-māṇikkam· cittiraniti neṟippāki viṉa

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yaṭi Avvaṭi ciṟu-naṅkai kāmaṭi māti

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tikaimaṇi

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<unclear reason="eccentric_ductus">ma</unclear><hi rend="grantha">ntrācāryya</hi>r aivar· viḷak=kun= tavaci-kaṇāvar· paṉṉiruvar tavacikaḷ uṇ·ṇa-k k<unclear>u</unclear>ṭukka taḷiyāḷ·vār <unclear>ū</unclear>ṭṭārāka paṉṉiruva

<milestone unit="block" n="8" break="no"/><label xml:lang="eng">southern base of <foreign>vimāna</foreign></label>

r kut=tikaḷai <choice><unclear>p</unclear><unclear>m</unclear></choice>eyitu kuṭut=tēṉ

</p>

<p>

mutal mup

<milestone unit="block" n="9" break="no"/><label xml:lang="eng">southern base of <foreign>vimāna</foreign></label>

patiruvarum· Ip-paṉṉiruva<supplied reason="omitted">ru</supplied>m ēṟṟi nāṟpattu nālvar kam·pa

<milestone unit="block" n="10" break="no"/><label xml:lang="eng">southern base of <foreign>vimāna</foreign></label>

<unclear>ṉa</unclear>ttu k<unclear>u</unclear>ṭut=tēṉ· taruma-mā-<hi rend="grantha">de</hi>viyēṉ

</p>

<p>

<milestone unit="block" n="11"/><label xml:lang="eng">southern base of <foreign>vimāna</foreign></label>

It-taḷi-puṟam-āṉa nāyvaṭṭi k<unclear>u</unclear>ḷattūrum· It<unclear>=t</unclear>aḷi parivāramum· taḷiyum·

</p>

<p>

I<hi rend="grantha">dharmma</hi>m· Aḻiy<unclear>ā</unclear>mai k<unclear>ā</unclear>t=tāṉ aṭi Eṉ· muṭi mēl-atu

</p>

</div>

<note>The restoration <foreign>°va<supplied reason="lost"><hi rend="grantha">rmma</hi>ṟ·ku</supplied></foreign> is also possible, but see <foreign>-<hi rend="grantha">de</hi>var·k=ku</foreign> in the same line.</note>

</app>

<lem><supplied reason="lost">yāṇṭ’ i</supplied>ru patt’ eṭ·ṭ-āvatu</lem>

<rdg source="bib:KrishnaSastri1923_01"><gap reason="lost" unit="character" quantity="3"/>patt’ eṭ·ṭ-āvatu</rdg>

</app>

<lem>tatta<hi rend="grantha">śi</hi>vaṉu<supplied reason="omitted">kku</supplied><unclear reason="eccentric_ductus">m·</unclear></lem>

<rdg source="bib:KrishnaSastri1923_01"><unclear>tatta</unclear><hi rend="grantha">śi</hi>vanum</rdg>

<note>The final <foreign>m·</foreign> looks like <foreign>ru</foreign>, but the vertical stroke is too short to be <foreign>r</foreign>.</note>

</app>

<lem>vācat·ti</lem>

<note>Krishna Sastri reads anachronistically a later form of Grantah <foreign><hi rend="grantha">su</hi></foreign>.</note>

</app>

</app>

</app>

<lem><unclear reason="eccentric_ductus">ma</unclear><hi rend="grantha">ntrācāryya</hi>r</lem>

<note>The initial <foreign>ma</foreign> looks like <foreign>pa</foreign>.</note>

</app>

<lem>kut=tikaḷai <choice><unclear>p</unclear><unclear>m</unclear></choice>eyitu</lem>

<rdg source="bib:KrishnaSastri1923_01">kut=tika<unclear>ḷai</unclear>meytu</rdg>

</app>

<lem>Ip-paṉṉiruva<supplied reason="omitted">ru</supplied>m ēṟṟi</lem>

<rdg source="bib:KrishnaSastri1923_01">Ip-paṉṉiru<unclear>var ē</unclear>ṟṟi</rdg>

</app>

</listApp>

</div>

Prosperity! Fortune!

</p>

Twenty-eight year of Nandi[varman].

</p>

</div>

Prospérité! Fortune!

</p>

Vingt-huitième année de Nandi[varman].

</p>

</div>

<p>

The king of the regnal year is identified as Nandivarman II, because of the high regnal year (28th).

</p>

<!--

S. Palaniappan:

For the name tavacikaṇāvar, you may want to explain it as made up of tavaci (<tapasvin) +kaṇa (<gaṇa) +ar.

For the Tamil morphophonemic rule 3.2 that applies here, see 'A reference grammar of Classical Tamil Poetry’ by V. S. Rajam, 1992, American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, p. 70.-->

</div>

<p>

Edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:KrishnaSastri1923_01"/></bibl> (SII 4.827), with a facsimile; text and summary in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"/></bibl> (IP 80); re-edited here by Emmanuel Francis (2020), based on autopsy, photos (2015), and the facsimile published in <bibl><ptr target="bib:KrishnaSastri1923_01"/></bibl>. Some characters now lost are legible on this facsimile.

</p>

</bibl>

</bibl>

</listBibl>

</bibl>

</listBibl>

</div>

</body>

</text>

</TEI>