Uttiramērūr, Vaikuṇṭhaperumāḷ, larger platform, southern base, time of Nandivarman, year 24

Editor: Emmanuel Francis.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSPallava00078.

Languages: Sanskrit, Tamil.

Repository: Pallava (tfa-pallava-epigraphy).

Version: 2024-10-29 23:21 (731357b), last modified 2024-06-06 16:22 (18e0138).

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī

nan=ti-varmmarkku yāṇt’ irupattu nāl-āvatu

Uttarameru-catu(r)vvedi-maṅkalatt’ iśāna-diśai-brahmeśvara-gṛhattu mahādevarkku Ivv-ūr madhyasthaṉ c(a/ā)tu(r)vvaidya [ca. 3+] ⟨2⟩ perumañcikaṉ-ēṉ kurava-ciri-viṣṇukumāra-trivediyār paṅkiṉ vaḻi mutal iṭṭu nālām pāṭakamum irāyūr-t taṭakk-aṭiyār brahmāṇiyār paṅkiṉ vaḻi mutal iṭṭu nā[lām] ⟨3⟩ pāṭakamuṅ kuṇṭūr-k kantama-c-caṭaṅkaviyār paṅkiṉ vaḻi mutal iṭṭ’ iraṇṭām pāṭakamum i¡(m)!⟨m-m⟩(u/ū)ṉṟu pāṭakamum yāṉ ivar pakkal vilaikku-k koṇṭ’ uṭaiyaṉ Avippuṟam-āka-k ku⟨4⟩ṭuttēṉ

ivaṟṟiṉ bhogattāl nityamu-n-nāḻi Arici ney-y uṭppaṭa Iraṇṭu poḻutun tiru-v-amirtu kāṭṭuvāṉ āka-p paṇittōm

im-m(u/ū)ṉṟukkum epp¿o?⟨ē⟩rppaṭṭa Iṟaiyu⟨5⟩m oḻintōm

brā(hma)ṇaṉ ārādhitt’ uṇpāṉ āka-p paṇittōm

mahāsabhaiyōm

im-maṇḍapattiṉukk’ ācā(r)yyaṉ kārīśvara-sūnu-vastuvidyāmayan= nak=kaṉ eḻuttu

Apparatus

⟨1⟩ nan=ti-varmmarkku ⬦ nan=ti-vanmarkku KVS. — ⟨1⟩ Uttarameru° ⬦ Ut=tarameru° KVS. — ⟨1⟩ catu(r)vvedi ⬦ caturvvedi KVS. — ⟨1⟩ [ca. 3+] ⬦ [ca. 1+] KVS. — ⟨1⟩ c(a/ā)tu(r)vvaidya ⬦ cāturvvaidya KVS.

⟨2⟩ °viṣṇukumāra° ⬦ °viṣṇukumāra° KVS.

⟨4⟩ nityamu-n-nāḻi ⬦ nitya⟨m⟩munnāḻi IP • That is, nityam munnāḻi.

⟨5⟩ ārādhitt’ ⬦ ārāditt’ IP • The latter reading is most probably a typo. — ⟨5⟩ ācā(r)yyaṉ ⬦ ācāryyaṉ KVS.

Translation by Emmanuel Francis

(1) Prosperity! Fortune!

Twenty-fourth year of Nandivarman.

To the Mahādeva of the Īśānadiśā-brahmeśvaragṛha (the temple of the Lord of Brahmā in the north-east direction) in Uttaramēru-caturvedimaṅgala; I, Perumañcikaṉ, caturvaidya [and] madhyastha of this village; after giving (iṭṭu¹) a capital from (vaḻi) a share [of] the honourable Kuravaciri Viṣṇukumāra Trivedin, [his] fourth plot; after giving a capital from a share [of] the honourable Brahmin lady, [wife of] of the honourable Taṭakkaṭi of Irāyūr, [her] fourth plot; after giving a capital from a share [of] the honourable Kantamaccaṭaṅkavi of Kuṇṭūr, [his] second plot; these three plots, me (yāṉ) having bought (vilaikku-k koṇṭu²) [them] from these [three] (ivar), I have given [them] as avippuṟam [for] the Lord (uṭaiyaṉ, i.e. Mahādeva of the Īśānadiśā-brahmeśvaragṛha).

With the revenue (bhogattāl) of these (ivaṟṟiṉ), we have ordered that there be permanenty (nityam) one who offers (kāṭṭuvāṉ) glorious amṛta (tiru-v-amirtu) twice [a day] up to (uṭpaṭa³) three nāḻis (munnāḻi) of rice and ghee.

For these three [plots] we have exempted (oḻintōm⁴) taxes, of whatsoever kind.

We have have ordered that there be a Brahmin feeding the Lord [when] worshipping.

[So did We,] We, the members of the great assembly (mahāsabhaiyōm).

Writing [of] Vastuvidyāmaya, son of Kārīśvara, the ācārya [attached] to this maṇḍapa.

Commentary

(4) tiru-v-amirtu, "glorious amṛta", is usually translated as “sacred food-offerings”.

(5) The maṇḍapa is the Vaikuṇṭaperumāḷ itself. Cf. Gros, etc. Not a temple properly at that period, but the assembly hall. If a temple nonetheless, also the assembly hall.

Bibliography

Edited in Subrahmanya Aiyer 1928 (SII 6.356); text and summary in Mahalingam 1988 (IP 78).

Edited and translated here by Emmanuel Francis (2020), based on autopsy and photographs (2019).

Primary

[KVS] Subrahmanya Aiyer, K. V. 1928. South-Indian inscriptions (texts). Volume VI: Miscellaneous inscriptions from the Tamil, Telugu and Kannada countries. South Indian Inscriptions 6. Calcutta: Governement of India, Central Publication Branch. Page 356, item 166.

[IP] Mahalingam, T. V. 1988. Inscriptions of the Pallavas. New Delhi; Delhi: Indian Council of Historical Research; Agam Prakashan. Pages 256–257, item 78.

Secondary

[ARIE 1897-1898] Hultzsch, Eugen Julius Theodor. 1898. G.O. Nos. 1093-1096, 29th August 1898. Epigraphy. Directing that the annual report of the Government Epigraphist for 1897-98 be forwarded to the Government of India, approving provisionally his programme of work for the next fields season. Madras: Government of Madras, Public Department. Page 18, appendix B/1898, item 72.

Notes

1. Literally, "after placing".
2. Literally "having got a price for".
3. Literally, "so as to include".
4. Literally: "we have excepted, cleared".

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<lb n="1"/>svasti śrī

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nan=ti-va<hi rend="grantha">rmma</hi>rkku yāṇt’ irupattu nāl-āvatu

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Uttara<hi rend="grantha">me</hi>ru-<hi rend="grantha">ca</hi>tu<hi rend="grantha"><unclear>r</unclear>vvedi</hi>-maṅkalatt’ i<hi rend="grantha">śā</hi>na-<hi rend="grantha">diśai-brahmeśvara-gṛha</hi>ttu <hi rend="grantha">mahāde</hi>varkku Ivv-ūr <hi rend="grantha">madhyastha</hi>ṉ <hi rend="grantha">c<choice><unclear>a</unclear><unclear>ā</unclear></choice></hi>tu<hi rend="grantha"><unclear>r</unclear>vvaidya</hi> <gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="character" precision="low"/>

<lb n="2"/>perumañcikaṉ-ēṉ ku<hi rend="grantha">ra</hi>va-ciri-vi<hi rend="grantha">ṣṇuku</hi>māra-<hi rend="grantha">trivedi</hi>yār paṅkiṉ vaḻi mutal iṭṭu nālām pāṭakamum irāyūr-t taṭakk-aṭiyār <hi rend="grantha">brahmā</hi>ṇiyār paṅkiṉ vaḻi mutal iṭṭu nā<supplied reason="lost">lām</supplied>

<lb n="3"/>pāṭakamuṅ kuṇṭūr-k kantama-c-caṭaṅkaviyār paṅkiṉ vaḻi mutal iṭṭ’ iraṇṭām pāṭakamum i<choice><orig><unclear>m</unclear></orig><reg>m-m</reg></choice><choice><unclear>u</unclear><unclear>ū</unclear></choice>ṉṟu pāṭakamum yāṉ ivar pakkal vilaikku-k koṇṭ’ uṭaiyaṉ Avippuṟam-āka-k ku

<lb n="4" break="no"/>ṭuttēṉ

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ivaṟṟiṉ <hi rend="grantha">bhoga</hi>ttāl ni<hi rend="grantha">tya</hi>mu-n-nāḻi Arici ney-y uṭppaṭa Iraṇṭu poḻutun tiru-v-amirtu kāṭṭuvāṉ āka-p paṇittōm

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<p>

im-m<choice><unclear>u</unclear><unclear>ū</unclear></choice>ṉṟukkum epp<choice><sic>o</sic><corr>ē</corr></choice>rppaṭṭa Iṟaiyu

<lb n="5" break="no"/>m oḻintōm

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<hi rend="grantha">brā<unclear>hma</unclear></hi>ṇaṉ ā<hi rend="grantha">rādhi</hi>tt’ uṇpāṉ āka-p paṇittōm

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<hi rend="grantha">mahāsabhai</hi>yōm

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im-<hi rend="grantha">maṇḍapa</hi>ttiṉukk’ ā<hi rend="grantha">cā<unclear>r</unclear>yya</hi>ṉ kā<hi rend="grantha">rīśvara-sū</hi>nu-va<hi rend="grantha">stuvidyāma</hi>yan= nak=kaṉ eḻuttu

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<lem>Uttara<hi rend="grantha">me</hi>ru°</lem>

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<lem><hi rend="grantha">ca</hi>tu<hi rend="grantha"><unclear>r</unclear>vvedi</hi></lem>

<rdg source="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01"><hi rend="grantha">ca</hi>tu<hi rend="grantha">rvvedi</hi></rdg>

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<lem><hi rend="grantha">c<choice><unclear>a</unclear><unclear>ā</unclear></choice></hi>tu<hi rend="grantha"><unclear>r</unclear>vvaidya</hi></lem>

<rdg source="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01"><hi rend="grantha">cāturvvaidya</hi></rdg>

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<lem>°vi<hi rend="grantha">ṣṇuku</hi>māra°</lem>

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<rdg source="bib:Mahalingam1988_01">nitya<supplied reason="omitted">m</supplied>munnāḻi</rdg> <note>That is, <foreign>nityam munnāḻi</foreign>.</note>

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<lem>ā<hi rend="grantha">rādhi</hi>tt’</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Mahalingam1988_01">ārāditt’</rdg>

<note>The latter reading is most probably a typo.</note>

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<rdg source="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01">ā<hi rend="grantha">cāryya</hi>ṉ</rdg>

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<p n="1">Prosperity! Fortune!</p>

<p>Twenty-fourth year of Nandivarman.</p>

<p>To the Mahādeva of the Īśānadiśā-brahmeśvaragṛha (the temple of the Lord of Brahmā in the north-east direction) in Uttaramēru-caturvedimaṅgala; I, Perumañcikaṉ, <foreign>caturvaidya</foreign> <supplied reason="subaudible">and</supplied> <foreign>madhyastha</foreign> of this village; after giving <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>iṭṭu</foreign><note>Literally, "after placing".</note></supplied> a capital from <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>vaḻi</foreign></supplied> a share <supplied reason="subaudible">of</supplied> the honourable Kuravaciri Viṣṇukumāra Trivedin, <supplied reason="subaudible">his</supplied> fourth plot; after giving a capital from a share <supplied reason="subaudible">of</supplied> the honourable Brahmin lady, <supplied reason="subaudible">wife of</supplied> of the honourable Taṭakkaṭi of Irāyūr, <supplied reason="subaudible">her</supplied> fourth plot; after giving a capital from a share <supplied reason="subaudible">of</supplied> the honourable Kantamaccaṭaṅkavi of Kuṇṭūr, <supplied reason="subaudible">his</supplied> second plot; these three plots, me <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>yāṉ</foreign></supplied> having bought <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>vilaikku-k koṇṭu</foreign><note>Literally "having got a price for".</note></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">them</supplied> from these <supplied reason="subaudible">three</supplied> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ivar</foreign></supplied>,

I have given <supplied reason="subaudible">them</supplied> as <foreign>avippuṟam</foreign> <supplied reason="subaudible">for</supplied> the Lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṭaiyaṉ</foreign>, i.e. Mahādeva of the Īśānadiśā-brahmeśvaragṛha</supplied>.

</p>

<p>

With the revenue <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign><hi rend="grantha">bhoga</hi>ttāl</foreign></supplied> of these <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ivaṟṟiṉ</foreign></supplied>, we have ordered that there be permanenty <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nityam</foreign></supplied> one who offers <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kāṭṭuvāṉ</foreign></supplied> glorious <foreign>amṛta</foreign> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tiru-v-amirtu</foreign></supplied> twice <supplied reason="subaudible">a day</supplied> up to <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṭpaṭa</foreign><note>Literally, "so as to include".</note></supplied> three <foreign>nāḻi</foreign>s <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>munnāḻi</foreign></supplied> of rice and ghee.

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<p>

For these three <supplied reason="subaudible">plots</supplied> we have exempted <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>oḻintōm</foreign><note>Literally: "we have excepted, cleared".</note></supplied> taxes, of whatsoever kind.

</p>

<p>

We have have ordered that there be a Brahmin feeding the Lord <supplied reason="subaudible">when</supplied> worshipping.

</p>

<p>

<supplied reason="subaudible">So did We,</supplied> We, the members of the great assembly <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign><hi rend="grantha">mahāsabhai</hi>yōm</foreign></supplied>.

</p>

<p>

Writing <supplied reason="subaudible">of</supplied> Vastuvidyāmaya, son of Kārīśvara, the <foreign>ācārya</foreign> <supplied reason="subaudible">attached</supplied> to this <foreign>maṇḍapa</foreign>.

</p>

</div>

<p n="4"><foreign>tiru-v-amirtu</foreign>, "glorious <foreign>amṛta</foreign>", is usually translated as “sacred food-offerings”.</p>

<p n="5">The <foreign>maṇḍapa</foreign> is the Vaikuṇṭaperumāḷ itself. Cf. Gros, etc. Not a temple properly at that period, but the assembly hall. If a temple nonetheless, also the assembly hall.</p>

</div>

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Edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01"/></bibl> (SII 6.356); text and summary in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"/></bibl> (IP 78).</p>

<p>Edited and translated here by Emmanuel Francis (2020), based on autopsy and photographs (2019).

</p>

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