Paṉaimalai, foundation, time of Narasiṁhavarman II

Editors: Sylvain Brocquet, Emmanuel Francis.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSPallava00062.

Summary: Foundation inscription of the Maheśvaracūḷāmaṇipallaveśvara by Narasiṁhavarman II Pallava.

Hand description:

Ornate Grantha script.

Language: Sanskrit.

Repository: Pallava (tfa-pallava-epigraphy).

Version: 2024-12-21 12:36 (f2f3eaa), last modified 2024-06-06 16:22 (18e0138).

I. Sragdharā

⟨1⟩ ⟨Segment 1⟩viśvārambhādi-bījād a⟨ja⟩ni kila kaver aṁ⟨Segment 2⟩girā nāma putro

vidyeśaṁ sa(t)ya-(p)ū[ta-t]r[ida](śa-g)ur(u)m abh¿u?⟨ū⟩(t) tasya śaṁyus tanū ⟨Segment 3⟩jaḥ

tat-sūnor jjanma tejonidhir akṛta bharadvāja-nāmno munīndrāN·

droṇa[s t]e⟨Segment 4⟩nodapādi prathita-bhuja-balo dr¡o!⟨au⟩ṇir aṁśaḥ purāreḥ ||

II. Sragdharā

Aśvatthā⟨Segment 5⟩mno ’(th)a tasmān nicita-guru-tapo-nirmma⟨Segment 6⟩lād āvir āsīd

āmnāyād aṁga-vidyā-visara Iva mahī-valla[––⏑]vākhyaḥ

yasmād eṣa [⏑––] pathi vihita-padāt pāvane mānanīyo

mandākinyā⟨ḥ⟩ pravā⟨Segment 7⟩haḥ śaśina Iva mahān anvayaḥ pallavānāM· ||

III. Sragdharā

samrājām aśvame⟨Segment 8⟩dhāvabhṛtha-virajasāṁ bhūbhujāṁ pallavānām

aspṛ⟨Segment 9⟩ṣṭāpal-lavānāṁ vimalatara-bharadvāja-vaṁśodbhavānāM·

keto⟨Segment 10⟩r a¿t?⟨k⟩ṣīṇa-bāhu-draviṇa-hṛta-mahī-cakra-vikhyāta-kīrtter

yyo devā⟨Segment 11⟩d ekamallād guha Iva para[mād īśvarād ātta-janmā ||]

IV. Vasantatilakā

[––⏑–⏑⏑] bhuja-ddraviṇāvabhāsī

satvo⟨Segment 12⟩rjjitaḥ samara-dṛṣṭa-mahā-prabhāvaḥ

yo rājasiṁha Iti viśr(u)⟨Segment 13⟩ta-puṇya-kī(r)ttir

udvṛtta-śatru-nṛpa-kuñjara-rāja-siṁha(ḥ ||)

V. Indravajrā

harttā dvi⟨Segment 14⟩ṣad-vargga-samucchrayāṇāṁ

karttā ca kalyāṇa-paramparāṇāM(·)

⟨Segment 15⟩ citte sadā sa(ṁ)bhṛta-bhakti-pūte

dhatte padaṁ ⟨Segment 16⟩ yasya mṛgā(ṁ)ka-m¿o?⟨au⟩li⟨ḥ⟩ ||

VI. Sragdharā

saṁrūḍhāmnāya-mūla-smṛti-vacana-mayāneka-śākhā-samagraḥ

śiṣṭāc¿a?⟨ā⟩rai[r] vv[.][–]t(e/ai)ḥ (pha)la-kusuma-kṛtākāntim ālamba⟨Segment 17⟩mān¿ā?⟨a⟩ḥ

sad-vṛttāmbho-n(i)ṣekair ddruma Iva satata(n ta)sya [- - u -][––⏑–]⟨Segment 18⟩yaiś

chāy(ā)m ṛ[–⏑––⏑⏑] ja(ya)ti kali-yuga-g(r)īṣma-tapte ’pi dharmmaḥ ⟨Segment 19⟩ ||

VII. uncertain

(ma)h(ī)bhujā maheśvara-cūḷā-maṇinā vinirmmite

sthiti⟨Segment 20⟩m etu maheśvaro maheśvara-cūḷā-maṇi-pallaveśvare ||

⟨1⟩ ⟨Segment 1⟩viśvārambhādi-bījād a⟨ja⟩ni kila kaver aṁ⟨Segment 2⟩girā nāma putro vidyeśaṁ sa(t)ya-(p)ū[ta-t]r[ida](śa-g)ur(u)m abh¿u?⟨ū⟩(t) tasya śaṁyus tanū_ ⟨Segment 3⟩jaḥ tat-sūnor jjanma tejonidhir akṛta bharadvāja-nāmno munīndrāN· droṇa[s t]e⟨Segment 4⟩nodapādi prathita-bhuja-balo dr¡o!⟨au⟩ṇir aṁśaḥ purāreḥ || Aśvatthā_⟨Segment 5⟩_mno ’(th)a tasmān nicita-guru-tapo-nirmma⟨Segment 6⟩lād āvir āsīd āmnāyād aṁga-vidyā-visara Iva mahī-valla_[––⏑]vākhyaḥ_ yasmād eṣa _[⏑––] pathi vihita-padāt pāvane mānanīyo mandākinyā⟨ḥ⟩ pravā⟨Segment 7⟩haḥ śaśina Iva mahān anvayaḥ pallavānāM· || samrājām aśvame⟨Segment 8⟩_dhāvabhṛtha-virajasāṁ bhūbhujāṁ pallavānām aspṛ⟨Segment 9⟩ṣṭāpal-lavānāṁ vimalatara-bharadvāja-vaṁśodbhavānāM· keto⟨Segment 10⟩r a¿t?⟨k⟩ṣīṇa-bāhu-draviṇa-hṛta-mahī-cakra-vikhyāta-kīrtter yyo devā⟨Segment 11⟩d ekamallād guha Iva para[mād īśvarād ātta-janmā ||] [––⏑–⏑⏑] bhuja-ddraviṇāvabhāsī satvo⟨Segment 12⟩rjjitaḥ samara-dṛṣṭa-mahā-prabhāvaḥ yo rājasiṁha Iti viśr(u)⟨Segment 13⟩ta-puṇya-kī(r)ttir udvṛtta-śatru-nṛpa-kuñjara-rāja-siṁha(ḥ ||) harttā dvi⟨Segment 14⟩ṣad-vargga-samucchrayāṇāṁ karttā ca kalyāṇa-paramparāṇāM(·) _ ⟨Segment 15⟩_ citte sadā sa(ṁ)bhṛta-bhakti-pūte dhatte padaṁ ⟨Segment 16⟩ yasya mṛgā(ṁ)ka-m¿o?⟨au⟩li⟨ḥ⟩ || saṁrūḍhāmnāya-mūla-smṛti-vacana-mayāneka-śākhā-samagraḥ śiṣṭāc¿a?⟨ā⟩rai[r] vv[.][–]t(e/ai)ḥ (pha)la-kusuma-kṛtākāntim ālamba⟨Segment 17⟩mān¿ā?⟨a⟩ḥ sad-vṛttāmbho-n(i)ṣekair ddruma Iva satata(n ta)sya [- - u -][––⏑–]⟨Segment 18⟩yaiś chāy(ā)m ṛ[–⏑––⏑⏑] ja(ya)ti kali-yuga-g(r)īṣma-tapte ’pi dharmmaḥ ⟨Segment 19⟩ || (ma)h(ī)bhujā _ maheśvara-cūḷā-maṇinā vinirmmite sthiti⟨Segment 20⟩m etu maheśvaro maheśvara-cūḷā-maṇi-pallaveśvare ||

I. Sragdharā

⟨1⟩ ⟨Segment 1⟩viśvārambhādi-bījād a⟨ja⟩ni kila kaver aṁ⟨Segment 2⟩girā nāma putro

vidyeśaṁ sa(t)ya-(p)ū[ta-t]r[ida](śa-g)ur(u)m abh¿u?⟨ū⟩(t) tasya śaṁyus tanū_ ⟨Segment 3⟩jaḥ

tat-sūnor jjanma tejonidhir akṛta bharadvāja-nāmno munīndrāN·

droṇa[s t]e⟨Segment 4⟩nodapādi prathita-bhuja-balo dr¡o!⟨au⟩ṇir aṁśaḥ purāreḥ ||

II. Sragdharā

Aśvatthā_⟨Segment 5⟩_mno ’(th)a tasmān nicita-guru-tapo-nirmma⟨Segment 6⟩lād āvir āsīd

āmnāyād aṁga-vidyā-visara Iva mahī-valla_[––⏑]vākhyaḥ_

yasmād eṣa _[⏑––] pathi vihita-padāt pāvane mānanīyo

mandākinyā⟨ḥ⟩ pravā⟨Segment 7⟩haḥ śaśina Iva mahān anvayaḥ pallavānāM· ||

III. Sragdharā

samrājām aśvame⟨Segment 8⟩_dhāvabhṛtha-virajasāṁ bhūbhujāṁ pallavānām

aspṛ⟨Segment 9⟩ṣṭāpal-lavānāṁ vimalatara-bharadvāja-vaṁśodbhavānāM·

keto⟨Segment 10⟩r a¿t?⟨k⟩ṣīṇa-bāhu-draviṇa-hṛta-mahī-cakra-vikhyāta-kīrtter

yyo devā⟨Segment 11⟩d ekamallād guha Iva para[mād īśvarād ātta-janmā ||]

IV. Vasantatilakā

[––⏑–⏑⏑] bhuja-ddraviṇāvabhāsī

satvo⟨Segment 12⟩rjjitaḥ samara-dṛṣṭa-mahā-prabhāvaḥ

yo rājasiṁha Iti viśr(u)⟨Segment 13⟩ta-puṇya-kī(r)ttir

udvṛtta-śatru-nṛpa-kuñjara-rāja-siṁha(ḥ ||)

V. Indravajrā

harttā dvi⟨Segment 14⟩ṣad-vargga-samucchrayāṇāṁ

karttā ca kalyāṇa-paramparāṇāM(·) _

⟨Segment 15⟩_ citte sadā sa(ṁ)bhṛta-bhakti-pūte

dhatte padaṁ ⟨Segment 16⟩ yasya mṛgā(ṁ)ka-m¿o?⟨au⟩li⟨ḥ⟩ ||

VI. Sragdharā

saṁrūḍhāmnāya-mūla-smṛti-vacana-mayāneka-śākhā-samagraḥ

śiṣṭāc¿a?⟨ā⟩rai[r] vv[.][–]t(e/ai)ḥ (pha)la-kusuma-kṛtākāntim ālamba⟨Segment 17⟩mān¿ā?⟨a⟩ḥ

sad-vṛttāmbho-n(i)ṣekair ddruma Iva satata(n ta)sya [- - u -][––⏑–]⟨Segment 18⟩yaiś

chāy(ā)m ṛ[–⏑––⏑⏑] ja(ya)ti kali-yuga-g(r)īṣma-tapte ’pi dharmmaḥ ⟨Segment 19⟩ ||

VII. uncertain

(ma)h(ī)bhujā _ maheśvara-cūḷā-maṇinā vinirmmite

sthiti⟨Segment 20⟩m etu maheśvaro maheśvara-cūḷā-maṇi-pallaveśvare ||

Apparatus

⟨1s1⟩ sa(t)ya-(p)ū[ta-t]r[ida](śa-g)ur(u)m • Conjectural restoration suggested by Dominic Goodall.

⟨1⟩ bharadvāja-nāmno • The syllables janā are not readable on the new estampage (2011) as they are on the spot hidden behind a wood frame.

⟨1s2⟩ ’(th)a • The th misses a little hook inside on the bottom right, visible in other instances of this letter in the inscription (e.g. pathi). As such the letter looks like dha, but it must be tha.

⟨1⟩ mahī-valla_[––⏑]vākhyaḥ • In the space, of a length of one foot according to VR, left blank, for unclear reasons, bhaḥ palla is a plausible restoration, as suggested by VR on the parallel found in SII 1, no. 24, stanza 3. Thus mahī-vallabhaḥ pallavākhyaḥ — ⟨1⟩ vākhyaḥ_ • The space is left blank because of the drain spout of the adjacent subsidiary northern shrine, which indicates that this drain spout is not a later addition. — ⟨1⟩ eṣa _[⏑––] • In the space, of a length of one foot according to VR, left blank, for unclear reasons, VR suggest to restore prabhūtaḥ or prajajñe. SB adds a further option: prasūtaḥ.

⟨1s3⟩ aśvame⟨Segment 8⟩_dhāvabhṛtha° • The space is left blank because of the drain spout of the adjacent subsidiary western shrine, which indicates that this drain spout is not a later addition.

⟨1⟩ para[mād īśvarād ātta-janmā] • This lacuna, due to a break in the stone, is retored as such, following VR from the parallel in SII 1, no. 24, stanza 5.

⟨1s4⟩ [––⏑–⏑⏑] bhuja-ddraviṇāvabhāsī ⬦ [––⏑–⏑⏑] VR • VR suggests to restore ...

⟨1s5⟩ ⟨Segment 15⟩_ citte • The space is left blank because of the drain spout of the adjacent subsidiary southern shrine, which indicates that this drain spout is not a later addition.

⟨1⟩ sa(ṁ)bhṛta° • Alternatively: sa⟨ṁ⟩bhṛta° — ⟨1⟩ mṛgā(ṁ)ka° • Alternatively: mṛgā⟨ṁ⟩ka°

⟨1s6⟩ °mūla-smṛti-vacana° ⬦ [––⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑] VR • This part of the inscription is not entirely covered by the estampage published in ARIE and a portion covered by this estampage has since suffered damage. See new estampage (2011).

⟨1⟩ śīṣṭāc¿a?⟨ā⟩rai[r] vv[.][–]t(e/ai)ḥ ⬦ (śrī)[–––⏑–]teḥ VR • This part of the inscription is not entirely covered by the estampage published in ARIE and a portion covered by this estampage has since suffered damage. See new estampage (2011). S.L.P. Anjaneya Sarma suggests to read, with a correction, variṣṭhaiḥ. — ⟨1⟩ °vṛttāmbho° ⬦ °vṛttā⟨m⟩bho° VR • In the letter mbho, the superscript element m appears to have been added after first engraving bho.

Translation by Emmanuel Francis

I

From the poet (kavi¹) who is the primordial seed [which gave] beginning to the universe, the son named Aṅgiras engendered (ajani²), as is well known (kila), the lord of knowledge Tridaśaguru³ purified by truth. His son was Śaṁyu. From his son, the best among the sages (munīndra), named Bharadvāja, was born a treasure of majesty (tejas): Droṇa. By him (tena) was born Drauṇi⁴, who is renowned for the strength of his arms and is a partial incarnation of the enemy of Pura⁵.

II

...

III

...

IV

...

V

...

VI

...

By good conducts (śiṣṭācārair) ...

...

VII

In the Maheśvaracūḷāmaṇipallaveśvara⁶ built by the king Maheśvaracūḷāmaṇi⁷ let Maheśvara come into residence (sthitim etu).

Translation into French by Brocquet 1997

I

[…]

[…] naquit Drauṇi, célèbre pour la force de ses bras, incarnation partielle de l’ennemi de Pura.

II

Puis, issu de cet Aśvatthāman, purifié par les sévères ascèses qu’il avait multipliées, apparut,

Comme de la doctrine sacrée⁸ s’écoule le flot des sciences annexes, le favori de la terre, nommé Pallava (mahī-valla[bhaḥ palla]vākhyaḥ).

De ce dernier, qui avait posé le pied sur le chemin qui purifie, [descend],

Comme le cours de la Mandākinī descend de la lune⁹, cette estimable et grande lignée des Pallava.

III

Des Pallava, monarques suprêmes purifiés par le bain qui clôt le sacrifice du cheval, maîtres de la terre,

Jamais effleurés par le plus petit malheur, issus de la lignée, pure entre toutes, de Bharadvāja,

Celui qui fut l’emblème, et dont la gloire se répandit sur le cercle de la terre, conquise par son bras et sa richesse impérissables,

Le seigneur Ekamalla donna naissance à un fils – comme le divin Seigneur Suprême à Guha :

IV

[…] brillant par son bras et sa richesse,

Puissant par sa nature¹⁰, révélant au combat sa force immense,

Celui-ci, sous le nom de Rājasiṁha, vit se répandre sa gloire sans tache,

Et fut un lion royal pour ces éléphants qu’étaient ses ennemis gonflés d’orgueil.

V

Il est le destructeur d’une multitude d’armées ennemies,

L’auteur d’une suite ininterrompue d’actes auspicieux,

Celui dans le cœur duquel, sans cesse purifié par les dévotions accomplies,

Le dieu dont la lune orne le diadème pose son pied.

VI

[…] riche de multiples branches/écoles,

[…] déployant la beauté de ses fruits et de ses fleurs,

Pareille à l’arbre qu’asperge sans cesse l’eau de ses actes vertueux, […]

[…] bien que brûlée par la chaleur de l’âge Kali, le dharma est victorieux !

VII

...

Commentary

The now fully available mythical ancestry of the Pallavas in the stanzas 1 gives the canonical list of mythical ancestors of the Pallavas, except that Viṣṇu (from whose navel arose Brahmā) is not mentioned: Brahmā (kavi), Aṅgiras, Bṛhaspati (tridaśaguru), Śaṁyu, Bharadvāja, Droṇa, Aśvatthāman (drauṇi, purāreḥ aṁśa).

Bibliography

Reported in Krishna Sastri 1916 (ARIE/1915-1916/B/1915/616) with a plate; reported again in Gai 1990 (ARIE/1974-1975/B/1974-1975/109), when until then covered portions were exposed following renovation work.

First translated in Jouveau-Dubreuil 1915; Edited in Jouveau-Dubreuil 1916 with translation (revised by S. Krishnaswami Aiyangar) and visual documentation and in Jouveau-Dubreuil 1916–1917 with French translation and visual documentation; re-edited and translated in Sankara Aiyar 1919; re-edited in Sankara [Aiyar] 1922–1923; re-edited and translated in Rangacharya 1927–1928 (EI 19, no. 18B); text and summary in Mahalingam 1988 (IP 62); text and translation in Brocquet 1997 (B no. 46).

This edition by Sylvain Brocquet & Emmanuel Francis (2023), based on published visual documentation, autopsy, partial new estampages (2011) and photographs (2011). First edition and translation of the complete text.

Primary

[JD1915] Jouveau-Dubreuil, Gabriel. 1915. Pallava inscription at Panamalai. Pondicherry.

[JD1916] Jouveau-Dubreuil, Gabriel. 1916. Pallava antiquities: Vol. I. Vol. 1. London: Probsthain. Pages 11–23, plate II.

[JD1917] Jouveau-Dubreuil, Gabriel. 1916–1917. “Les antiquités de l’époque Pallava.” Revue historique de l'Inde française 1, pp. 5–76. Pages 10–21, plate II.

[SA] Sankara Aiyar, K. G. 1919. “The Panamalai rock-temple inscriptions of Râjasimha.” Indian Antiquary 48, pp. 231–239.

[S] Sankara [Aiyar], K. G. 1922–1923. “Some Pallava inscriptions.” Quartely Journal of the Mythic Society 13, pp. 573–575. Pages 574–575.

[VR] Rangacharya, V. 1927–1928. “Two inscriptions of the Pallava king Rajasimha-Narasimhavarman II. A: The Mahābalipuram inscriptions. B: The Panaimalai inscriptions.” EI 19, pp. 105–115. Pages 109–115, item B.

[IP] Mahalingam, T. V. 1988. Inscriptions of the Pallavas. New Delhi; Delhi: Indian Council of Historical Research; Agam Prakashan. Pages 200–202, item 62.

[SB] Brocquet, Sylvain. 1997. “Les inscriptions sanskrites des Pallava : poésie, rituel, idéologie.” Thèse de doctorat, Université de la Sorbonne Nouvelle. Paris. Pages 587–591, item 46.

Secondary

[ARIE 1915-1916] Krishna Sastri, H. 1916. G.O. No. 99, 29th August 1916. Epigraphy. Recording, with remarks, the progress report of the Assistant Archaeological Superintendent for epigraphy, Southern Circle, for the year 1915-1916. No place. Pages 61, 114, appendix B/1915, item 616, plate III.

[ARIE 1974-1975] Gai, G. S. 1990. Annual report on Indian epigraphy for 1974-75. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India. Pages 4, 33, appendixes B/1974-1975, item 109.

Francis, Emmanuel. 2013. Le discours royal dans l'Inde du Sud ancienne : inscriptions et monuments Pallava, IV^ème-IX^ème siècles. Tome I : Introduction et sources. Publications de l'Institut orientaliste de Louvain 64. Louvain-la-Neuve; Paris: Université catholique de Louvain, Institut orientaliste; Peeters. Item IR 43.

Marxia Gandhi, N., A. Padmavathy and S. Swaminathan. 2011. South Indian inscriptions. Volume XXX: Inscriptions collected during the year 1915. South Indian Inscriptions 30. New Delhi; Chennai: Archaeological Survey of India; Department of Archaeology, Government of Tamilnadu. Page 246.

Notes

1. That is, Brahmā, who uttered the Vedas.
2. To be taken as a causative form with °gurum as its direct object, as suggested by S.L.P. Anjaneya Sarma.
3. That is, "the preceptor of the tirthy [gods]," that is, Bṛhaspati.
4. That is, Aśvatthāman.
5. That is, Śiva.
6. That is, "[the temple of] the lord [installed by] Maheśvaracūḷāmaṇi."
7. That is, "he who has Maheśvara (that is, Śiva) as crown jewel," that is, a devotee of Śiva.
8. C’est-à-dire le Veda.
9. Rencontrée lors de son passage sur la chevelure de Śiva.
10. Il n’est pas facile de déterminer les sens que revêt ici le mot sattva-, qui signifie « caractère », « qualité innée », ou, plus particulièrement, « fermeté », « énergie », « courage » – mais qui désigne aussi le plus haut des trois guṇa, la pureté, qualité spécifique des brahmanes. Les Pallava (on le voit du reste dans cette inscription) prétendaient être d’origine brahmanique, ce qui rend plausible cette seconde interprétation. Le composé indiquerait alors que Rājasiṁha doit sa puissance à sa pureté, plutôt qu’à ses qualités guerrières, auxquelles font référence les deux autres qualificatifs de cet hémistiche.

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ERC-DHARMA whose data are open to the public.</p>

</prefixDef>

<p>Internal URIs using the part prefix to point to person elements in the

<ref>DHARMA_IdListMembers_v01.xml</ref> file.</p>

</prefixDef>

</listPrefixDef>

</encodingDesc>

<change who="part:emfr" when="2023-09-25" status="draft">Creation of the file</change>

</revisionDesc>

</teiHeader>

<body>

<l n="a"><lb n="1"/><milestone unit="segment" n="1"/>viśvārambhādi-bījād a<supplied reason="omitted">ja</supplied>ni kila kaver aṁ<milestone unit="segment" n="2"/>girā nāma putro</l>

<l n="b">vidyeśaṁ sa<unclear>t</unclear>ya-<unclear>p</unclear>ū<supplied reason="lost">ta-t</supplied>r<supplied reason="lost">ida</supplied><unclear>śa-g</unclear>ur<unclear>u</unclear>m abh<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>ū</corr></choice><unclear>t</unclear> tasya śaṁyus tanū<space type="unclassified"/> <milestone unit="segment" n="3"/>jaḥ</l>

<l n="c">tat-sūnor jjanma tejonidhir akṛta bharadvāja-nāmno munīndrāN·</l>

<l n="d">droṇa<supplied reason="lost">s t</supplied>e<milestone unit="segment" n="4"/>nodapādi prathita-bhuja-balo dr<choice><orig>o</orig><reg>au</reg></choice>ṇir aṁśaḥ purāreḥ <g type="ddandaOrnate">.</g></l>

</lg>

<l n="a">Aśvatthā<space type="unclassified"/><milestone unit="segment" n="5"/><space type="unclassified"/>mno ’<unclear reason="eccentric_ductus">th</unclear>a tasmān nicita-guru-tapo-nirmma<milestone unit="segment" n="6"/>lād āvir āsīd</l>

<l n="b">āmnāyād aṁga-vidyā-visara Iva mahī-valla<space type="unclassified"/><seg met="++-"><gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="character"/></seg>vākhyaḥ<space type="feature"/> </l>

<l n="c">yasmād eṣa <space type="unclassified"/><seg met="-++"><gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="character"/></seg> pathi vihita-padāt pāvane mānanīyo</l>

<l n="d">mandākinyā<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> pravā<milestone unit="segment" n="7"/>haḥ śaśina Iva mahān anvayaḥ pallavānāM· <g type="ddandaOrnate">.</g></l>

</lg>

<l n="a">samrājām aśvame<milestone unit="segment" n="8"/><space type="feature"/>dhāvabhṛtha-virajasāṁ bhūbhujāṁ pallavānām</l>

<l n="b">aspṛ<milestone unit="segment" n="9"/>ṣṭāpal-lavānāṁ vimalatara-bharadvāja-vaṁśodbhavānāM·</l>

<l n="c">keto<milestone unit="segment" n="10"/>r a<choice><sic>t</sic><corr>k</corr></choice>ṣīṇa-bāhu-draviṇa-hṛta-mahī-cakra-vikhyāta-kīrtter</l>

<l n="d">yyo devā<milestone unit="segment" n="11"/>d ekamallād guha Iva para<supplied reason="lost">mād īśvarād ātta-janmā <g type="ddandaOrnate">.</g></supplied></l>

</lg>

<l n="a"><seg met="++-+--"><gap reason="lost" quantity="6" unit="character"/></seg> bhuja-ddraviṇāvabhāsī</l>

<l n="b">satvo<milestone unit="segment" n="12"/>rjjitaḥ samara-dṛṣṭa-mahā-prabhāvaḥ</l>

<l n="c">yo rājasiṁha Iti viśr<unclear>u</unclear><milestone unit="segment" n="13"/>ta-puṇya-kī<unclear>r</unclear>ttir</l>

<l n="d">udvṛtta-śatru-nṛpa-kuñjara-rāja-siṁha<unclear>ḥ <g type="ddandaOrnate">.</g></unclear></l>

</lg>

<l n="a">harttā dvi<milestone unit="segment" n="14"/>ṣad-vargga-samucchrayāṇāṁ</l>

<l n="b">karttā ca kalyāṇa-paramparāṇāM<unclear>·</unclear> <space/></l>

<l n="c"><milestone unit="segment" n="15"/><space type="feature"/> citte sadā sa<unclear>ṁ</unclear>bhṛta-bhakti-pūte</l>

<l n="d">dhatte padaṁ <milestone unit="segment" n="16"/> yasya mṛgā<unclear>ṁ</unclear>ka-m<choice><sic>o</sic><corr>au</corr></choice>li<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> <g type="ddandaOrnate">.</g></l>

</lg>

<l n="a" real="++++-++------++-++-+=">saṁrūḍhāmnāya-mūla-smṛti-vacana-mayāneka-śākhā-samagraḥ</l>

<l n="b" real="+-++-++------++-++-+=">śiṣṭāc<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>rai<supplied reason="lost">r</supplied> vv<seg type="component" subtype="vowel"><gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="component"/></seg><seg met="+"><gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/></seg>t<choice><unclear>e</unclear><unclear>ai</unclear></choice>ḥ <unclear>pha</unclear>la-kusuma-kṛtākāntim ālamba<milestone unit="segment" n="17"/>mān<choice><sic>ā</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>ḥ</l>

<l n="c" real="++++-++------++-++-+=">sad-vṛttāmbho-n<unclear>i</unclear>ṣekair ddruma Iva satata<unclear>n ta</unclear>sya [- - u -]<seg met="++-+"><gap reason="lost" quantity="4" unit="character"/></seg><milestone unit="segment" n="18"/>yaiś</l>

<l n="d" real="++++-++------++-++-+=">chāy<unclear>ā</unclear>m ṛ<seg met="+-++--"><gap reason="lost" quantity="6" unit="character"/></seg> ja<unclear>ya</unclear>ti kali-yuga-g<unclear>r</unclear>īṣma-tapte ’pi dharmmaḥ <milestone unit="segment" n="19"/> <g type="ddandaOrnate">.</g></l>

</lg>

<l n="ab"><unclear>ma</unclear>h<unclear>ī</unclear>bhujā <space type="unclassified"/> maheśvara-cūḷā-maṇinā vinirmmite</l>

<l n="cd">sthiti<milestone unit="segment" n="20"/>m etu maheśvaro maheśvara-cūḷā-maṇi-pallaveśvare <g type="ddandaOrnate">.</g></l>

</lg>

</div>

<!--

</app>

-->

<note>Conjectural restoration suggested by Dominic Goodall.</note>

</app>

<lem>bharadvāja-nāmno</lem>

<note>The syllables <foreign>janā</foreign> are not readable on the new estampage (2011) as they are on the spot hidden behind a wood frame.</note>

</app>

<!--<app loc="1">

<lem>munīndrāN·</lem>

</app>-->

<note>The <foreign>th</foreign> misses a little hook inside on the bottom right, visible in other instances of this letter in the inscription (e.g. <foreign>pathi</foreign>). As such the letter looks like <foreign>dha</foreign>, but it must be <foreign>tha</foreign>.</note>

</app>

<lem>mahī-valla<space type="unclassified"/><seg met="++-"><gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="character"/></seg>vākhyaḥ</lem>

<note>In the space, of a length of one foot according to <ptr target="bib:Rangacharya1927-1928_01"/>, left blank, for unclear reasons, <foreign>bhaḥ palla</foreign> is a plausible restoration, as suggested by <ptr target="bib:Rangacharya1927-1928_01"/> on the parallel found in SII 1, no. 24, stanza 3. Thus <foreign>mahī-vallabhaḥ pallavākhyaḥ</foreign></note>

</app>

<lem>vākhyaḥ<space type="feature"/></lem>

<note>The space is left blank because of the drain spout of the adjacent subsidiary northern shrine, which indicates that this drain spout is not a later addition.</note>

</app>

<note>In the space, of a length of one foot according to <ptr target="bib:Rangacharya1927-1928_01"/>, left blank, for unclear reasons, <ptr target="bib:Rangacharya1927-1928_01"/> suggest to restore <foreign>prabhūtaḥ</foreign> or <foreign>prajajñe</foreign>. <ptr target="bib:Brocquet1997_01"/> adds a further option: <foreign>prasūtaḥ</foreign>.</note>

</app>

<lem>aśvame<milestone unit="segment" n="8"/><space type="feature"/>dhāvabhṛtha°</lem>

<note>The space is left blank because of the drain spout of the adjacent subsidiary western shrine, which indicates that this drain spout is not a later addition.</note>

</app>

<lem>para<supplied reason="lost">mād īśvarād ātta-janmā</supplied></lem>

<note>This lacuna, due to a break in the stone, is retored as such, following <ptr target="bib:Rangacharya1927-1928_01"/> from the parallel in SII 1, no. 24, stanza 5.</note>

</app>

<lem><seg met="++-+--"><gap reason="lost" quantity="6" unit="character"/></seg> bhuja-ddraviṇāvabhāsī</lem>

<note><ptr target="bib:Rangacharya1927-1928_01"/> suggests to restore ...</note>

</app>

<lem><milestone unit="segment" n="15"/><space type="feature"/> citte</lem>

<note>The space is left blank because of the drain spout of the adjacent subsidiary southern shrine, which indicates that this drain spout is not a later addition.</note>

</app>

<lem>sa<unclear>ṁ</unclear>bhṛta°</lem>

<note>Alternatively: sa<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied>bhṛta°</note>

</app>

<note>Alternatively: mṛgā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied>ka°</note>

</app>

<lem>°mūla-smṛti-vacana°</lem>

<note>This part of the inscription is not entirely covered by the estampage published in ARIE and a portion covered by this estampage has since suffered damage. See new estampage (2011).</note>

</app>

<lem>śīṣṭāc<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>rai<supplied reason="lost">r</supplied> vv<seg type="component" subtype="vowel"><gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="component"/></seg><seg met="+"><gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/></seg>t<choice><unclear>e</unclear><unclear>ai</unclear></choice>ḥ</lem>

<note>This part of the inscription is not entirely covered by the estampage published in ARIE and a portion covered by this estampage has since suffered damage. See new estampage (2011). S.L.P. Anjaneya Sarma suggests to read, with a correction, <foreign>variṣṭhaiḥ</foreign>.</note>

</app>

<lem>°vṛttāmbho°</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Rangacharya1927-1928_01">°vṛttā<supplied reason="omitted">m</supplied>bho°</rdg>

<note>In the letter <foreign>mbho</foreign>, the superscript element <foreign>m</foreign> appears to have been added after first engraving <foreign>bho</foreign>.</note>

</app>

</listApp>

</div>

<l>From the poet <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kavi</foreign><note>That is, Brahmā, who uttered the Vedas.</note></supplied> who is the primordial seed <supplied reason="subaudible">which gave</supplied> beginning to the universe, the son named Aṅgiras engendered <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ajani</foreign><note>To be taken as a causative form with <foreign>°gurum</foreign> as its direct object, as suggested by S.L.P. Anjaneya Sarma.</note></supplied>, as is well known <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kila</foreign></supplied>, the lord of knowledge Tridaśaguru<note>That is, "the preceptor of the tirthy [gods]," that is, Bṛhaspati.</note> purified by truth. His son was Śaṁyu. From his son, the best among the sages <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>munīndra</foreign></supplied>, named Bharadvāja, was born a treasure of majesty <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tejas</foreign></supplied>: Droṇa. By him <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tena</foreign></supplied> was born Drauṇi<note>That is, Aśvatthāman.</note>, who is renowned for the strength of his arms and is a partial incarnation of the enemy of Pura<note>That is, Śiva.</note>.</l>

</p>

</p>

</p>

</p>

</p>

<l>By good conducts <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>śiṣṭācārair</foreign></supplied> ...</l>

</p>

<l>In the Maheśvaracūḷāmaṇipallaveśvara<note>That is, "[the temple of] the lord [installed by] Maheśvaracūḷāmaṇi."</note> built by the king Maheśvaracūḷāmaṇi<note>That is, "he who has Maheśvara (that is, Śiva) as crown jewel," that is, a devotee of Śiva.</note> let Maheśvara come into residence <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>sthitim etu</foreign></supplied>.</l>

</p>

</div>

<l><gap reason="lost"/> naquit Drauṇi, célèbre pour la force de ses bras, incarnation partielle de l’ennemi de Pura.</l>

</p>

<l>Puis, issu de cet Aśvatthāman, purifié par les sévères ascèses qu’il avait multipliées, apparut,</l>

<l>Comme de la doctrine sacrée<note>C’est-à-dire le <foreign>Veda</foreign>.</note> s’écoule le flot des sciences annexes, le favori de la terre, nommé Pallava <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>mahī-valla<supplied reason="undefined">bhaḥ palla</supplied>vākhyaḥ</foreign></supplied>.</l>

<l>De ce dernier, qui avait posé le pied sur le chemin qui purifie, <supplied reason="lost">descend</supplied>,</l>

<l>Comme le cours de la Mandākinī descend de la lune<note>Rencontrée lors de son passage sur la chevelure de Śiva.</note>, cette estimable et grande lignée des Pallava.</l>

</p>

<l>Des Pallava, monarques suprêmes purifiés par le bain qui clôt le sacrifice du cheval, maîtres de la terre,</l>

<l>Jamais effleurés par le plus petit malheur, issus de la lignée, pure entre toutes, de Bharadvāja,</l>

<l>Celui qui fut l’emblème, et dont la gloire se répandit sur le cercle de la terre, conquise par son bras et sa richesse impérissables,</l>

<l>Le seigneur Ekamalla donna naissance à un fils – comme le divin Seigneur Suprême à Guha :</l>

</p>

<l><gap reason="lost"/> brillant par son bras et sa richesse,</l>

<l>Puissant par sa nature<note>Il n’est pas facile de déterminer les sens que revêt ici le mot <foreign>sattva</foreign>-, qui signifie « caractère », « qualité innée », ou, plus particulièrement, « fermeté », « énergie », « courage » – mais qui désigne aussi le plus haut des trois <foreign>guṇa</foreign>, la pureté, qualité spécifique des brahmanes. Les Pallava (on le voit du reste dans cette inscription) prétendaient être d’origine brahmanique, ce qui rend plausible cette seconde interprétation. Le composé indiquerait alors que Rājasiṁha doit sa puissance à sa pureté, plutôt qu’à ses qualités guerrières, auxquelles font référence les deux autres qualificatifs de cet hémistiche.</note>, révélant au combat sa force immense,</l>

<l>Celui-ci, sous le nom de Rājasiṁha, vit se répandre sa gloire sans tache,</l>

<l>Et fut un lion royal pour ces éléphants qu’étaient ses ennemis gonflés d’orgueil.</l>

</p>

<l>Il est le destructeur d’une multitude d’armées ennemies,</l>

<l>L’auteur d’une suite ininterrompue d’actes auspicieux,</l>

<l>Celui dans le cœur duquel, sans cesse purifié par les dévotions accomplies,</l>

<l>Le dieu dont la lune orne le diadème pose son pied.</l>

</p>

<l><gap reason="lost"/> riche de multiples branches/écoles,</l>

<l><gap reason="lost"/> déployant la beauté de ses fruits et de ses fleurs,</l>

<l>Pareille à l’arbre qu’asperge sans cesse l’eau de ses actes vertueux, <gap reason="lost"/></l>

<l><gap reason="lost"/> bien que brûlée par la chaleur de l’âge Kali, le <foreign>dharma</foreign> est victorieux !</l>

</p>

</p>

</div>

<p>The now fully available mythical ancestry of the Pallavas in the stanzas 1 gives the canonical list of mythical ancestors of the Pallavas, except that Viṣṇu (from whose navel arose Brahmā) is not mentioned: Brahmā (<foreign>kavi</foreign>), Aṅgiras, Bṛhaspati (<foreign>tridaśaguru</foreign>), Śaṁyu, Bharadvāja, Droṇa, Aśvatthāman (<foreign>drauṇi</foreign>, <foreign>purāreḥ aṁśa</foreign>).</p>

</div>

<p>

Reported in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1915-1916"/></bibl> (ARIE/1915-1916/B/1915/616) with a plate;

reported again in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1974-1975"/></bibl> (ARIE/1974-1975/B/1974-1975/109), when until then covered portions were exposed following renovation work.

</p>

<p>

First translated in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Jouveau-Dubreuil1915_01"/></bibl>;

Edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Jouveau-Dubreuil1916_01"/></bibl> with translation (revised by S. Krishnaswami Aiyangar) and visual documentation and in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Jouveau-Dubreuil1916-1917_01"/></bibl> with French translation and visual documentation;

re-edited and translated in <bibl><ptr target="bib:SankaraAiyar1919_01"/></bibl>;

re-edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:SankaraAiyar1922-1923_01"/></bibl>;

re-edited and translated in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Rangacharya1927-1928_01"/></bibl> (EI 19, no. 18B);

text and summary in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"/></bibl> (IP 62);

text and translation in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Brocquet1997_01"/></bibl> (B no. 46).

</p>

<p>This edition by Sylvain Brocquet & Emmanuel Francis (2023), based on published visual documentation, autopsy, partial new estampages (2011) and photographs (2011). First edition and translation of the complete text.</p>

<note>Not available to us.</note>

</bibl>

</bibl>

</bibl>

</bibl>

</bibl>

</bibl>

</bibl>

</bibl>

</listBibl>

</bibl>

</bibl>

<bibl>

</bibl>

<bibl>

<note>SII 30, no. 264. Text carelessly reproduced from EI 19, no. 18B.</note>

</bibl>

</listBibl>

</div>

</body>

</text>

</TEI>