Paḷḷaṉ Kōvil copper plates, time of Siṁhaviṣṇu, year 6

Editor: Emmanuel Francis.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSPallava00017.

Summary: Grant (paḷḷiccantam) of the village of Śramaṇāśrama/Amaṇcērkkai and of additional lands in Tāmar to Vajranandin of the Śrīvardhamāneśvaradharmatīrtha at Paruttikkuṉṟil for worshipping Jinendra.

Languages: Sanskrit, Tamil.

Repository: Pallava (tfa-pallava-epigraphy).

Version: 2024-09-19 15:29 (e8a670e), last modified 2024-06-06 16:22 (18e0138).

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Plates: Sanskrit Portion

⟨Page 1r⟩

I. Upajāti

⟨Page 1v⟩ ⟨1v1=1⟩ svarggāpava(r)gga-praguṇāgra-mārgga-

-prakāśi-vākyo jaya⟨1v2=1⟩tāj jinendraḥ

munīndra-devendra-narendra-

-vidvad-vandāru-bṛndāraka⟨1v3=3⟩-bṛnda-vandyaḥ ⁋

II. Śārdūlavikrīḍita

Āsīd ambuja-nābha-nābhi-jala-jād abjāsano⟨1v4=4⟩to ⟨’⟩ṃgirā

gī⟨r⟩-vvāṇeśa-gurus tatas tata-matiś śa⟨1v5=5⟩ṃyur bharadvājakaḥ

droṇo drauṇir ato ’bha-va-t pu⟨1v6=6⟩ra-ripor aṃśas tataḥ pallavaḥ

śrīmān-nīradhi-nīra-nīlavasa⟨1v7=7⟩nā-kṣmā-vallabhā-vallabhaḥ ||

III. Pr̥thvī

tataḥ pratata-kīrttiṣu prahata-lo⟨1v8=8⟩ka-śokeṣv iteṣv

aśoka-harigupta-rāḍ·-pramukha⟨2r1=9⟩-pallaveṣu kramāt(·)

praṇamra-nṛpa-kamra-m¡o!⟨au⟩ly-aruṇa-ratna-ra⟨2r2=10⟩śmy-ātapat-

-prabuddha-pada-paṃkajeṣv ajani siṃhavarmmādhipāt ⁋

IV. Upajāti

...

V. Śārdūlavikrīḍita

...

VI. Upajāti

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VII. Upajāti

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VIII. Anuṣṭubh

...

IX. Anuṣṭubh

samasta-śāstra-niṣṇā⟨Page 3r⟩⟨3r1=25⟩ta-

dhiṣaṇo dhiṣaṇopamaḥ

mānyo nāmnāpi ⟨3r2=26⟩ medhāvī

praśastiṃ kṛtavān imām· ⁋

Plates: Tamil Portion

⟨3r3=27⟩ kō-vicaiya-siṁhavarmmaṟ·ku yāṇ·ṭ’ āṟāvatu

veṇ ⟨3r4=28⟩ kuṉ·ṟa-k-kōṭṭatu-p peru-nakara-nāṭṭu nāṭṭār· ⟨3r5=29⟩ kāṇ(·)ka

ta¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ nāṭṭu Amaṇ·cērkkai parut·ti ⟨3r6=30⟩ k· kuṉ·ṟil· vajranandik kuravar·kkup paḷḷiccantam ā⟨3r7=31⟩ka-k(·) koṭuttōn

tāṅkaḷum paṭākai naṭantu kal⟨3r8=32⟩luṅ· kaḷḷiyun nāṭṭi Aṟaiyōlai ceytu k(o) ⟨Page 3v⟩ ⟨3v1=33⟩ ṭuttu viṭutaka-v eṉ·ṟu nāṭṭār·kut tirumukam· viṭa

nāṭṭā⟨3v2=34⟩run tirumukaṅ kaṇṭu toḻutu talaikku vait·tu paṭā⟨3v3=35⟩kai naṭa⟨n⟩tu kalluṅ· kaḷliyu nāṭṭi nāṭṭār viṭunta ⟨3v4=36⟩ Aṟaiyōlai-p paṭikk’ ellai

kīḻ-pā⟨3v5=37⟩l ellai Ental ēriyiṉ· kīḻai-k kaṭaṟṟi⟨3v6=38⟩ṉ· mēṟ·kum ōmai-k· kollai Ellai Iṉṉu⟨3v7=39⟩m· teṉ·-pāl ellai vēḷ vaṭukaṉ· kēṇiyi ⟨3v8=40⟩ ṉ· vaṭakkum· kaṭaṟṟiṉ el·lai Iṉṉun· nīla-pāṭi ⟨Page 4r⟩ ⟨4r1=41⟩ El·lai Iṉ·ṉum· vilāṭaṉ· kuṟ·ṟ-ēt·tat·t’ ellai ⟨4r2=42⟩ Iṉ·ṉum· mēl·-pāl ellai māv-ēt·tat·tu ⟨4r3=43⟩ vatiyiṉ· kiḻak·kum· mum·mūlai Ēt·tat·t’ ellai ⟨4r4=44⟩ Iṉṉum āṟ·ṟ’ ellai Iṉ·ṉum· vaṭa-pāl’ el·⟨4r5=45⟩lai peruṅ-kol·laiyiṉ· ṟeṟku Iṉ·ṉum ⟨4r6=46⟩ pāṇṭiyaṉ· kayatt’ ellai Iṉṉum{u} murukkaṅ· ⟨4r7=47⟩ kēṇi Ellai

Ivv-icait·ta peru-nāṅk’ el(·) ⟨4r8=48⟩ lai-y akattum akap·paṭ·ṭa nilam· nīr·-nilamum(·) ⟨Page 4v⟩ ⟨4v1=49⟩ puṉ·-cey·yum· kaḷarum(·) kaṉ·ṟu-mēy·-pāḻum· kāṭu⟨4v2=50⟩m· pīṭilikaiyum· kiṭaṅ·kuṅ· kēṇiyum maṉai⟨4v3=51⟩yum· maṉaip-paṭappum· Uṭump’ ōṭi Āmai tava ⟨4v4=52⟩ ḻntat’ el·lām· Uṇṇilaṉ ōḻiv’ iṉ(·)ṟi ⟨4v5=53⟩ kōvum· poṟiyum· māṟ·ṟi kuṭi nīkki Ivv-ūr ⟨4v6=54⟩ peṟṟa vajranandi-k· kuravar·kkē paḷḷic·cantam-āka tā ⟨4v7=55⟩ marilum· patiṉāṟarai-p· paṭṭi nilaṅ· koṭut ⟨4v8=56⟩ tōm·

In-nilattiṟ·k’ el(·)lai kīḻ·-pāl e ⟨Page 5r⟩ ⟨5r1=57⟩ l·lai pulikiḻār(·) paṭṭiyiṉ· mēṟ·kum· teṉ·-pā⟨5r2=58⟩l el·lai muḷḷeṟi-pāt·t’ ellaiyiṉ· vaṭa-⟨5r3=59⟩k·kum· mēl·-pāl ellai pokku-vāy·-c cēru⟨5r4=60⟩viṉ kiḻakkum· vaṭa-pāl el·lai pallāṅ·ku⟨5r5=61⟩ḻi-k· kāviṉ teṟ·k(·)kum·

In·-nāṉ·k’ el·lai⟨5r6=62⟩-y akattum· Akapaṭ·ṭa bhūmiyum· parutti-k kuṉ·ṟi⟨5r7=63⟩l· vajranandi-k· kuravar·kkē paḷḷiccantam-āka parada ⟨5r8=64⟩ tti ceṉṟatu narabhayaṉ āṇat·tiyāl | {si} ⁋ ⁋

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Plates: Sanskrit Portion

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⟨Page 1v⟩

⟨1v1=1⟩ svarggāpava(r)gga-praguṇāgra-mārgga- -prakāśi-vākyo jaya-

⟨1v2=1⟩ tāj jinendraḥ munīndra-devendra-narendra- -vidvad-vandāru-bṛndāraka-

⟨1v3=3⟩ -bṛnda-vandyaḥ ⁋ Āsīd ambuja-nābha-nābhi-jala-jād abjāsano-

⟨1v4=4⟩ to ⟨’⟩ṃgirā gī⟨r⟩-vvāṇeśa-gurus tatas tata-matiś śa-

⟨1v5=5⟩ ṃyur bharadvājakaḥ droṇo drauṇir ato ’bha-va-t pu-

⟨1v6=6⟩ ra-ripor aṃśas tataḥ pallavaḥ śrīmān-nīradhi-nīra-nīlavasa-

⟨1v7=7⟩ nā-kṣmā-vallabhā-vallabhaḥ || tataḥ pratata-kīrttiṣu prahata-lo-

⟨1v8=8⟩ ka-śokeṣv iteṣv aśoka-harigupta-rāḍ·-pramukha-

⟨2r1=9⟩ -pallaveṣu kramāt(·) praṇamra-nṛpa-kamra-m¡o!⟨au⟩ly-aruṇa-ratna-ra-

⟨2r2=10⟩ śmy-ātapat- -prabuddha-pada-paṃkajeṣv ajani siṃhavarmmādhipāt ⁋ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... samasta-śāstra-niṣṇā-

⟨Page 3r⟩

⟨3r1=25⟩ ta- dhiṣaṇo dhiṣaṇopamaḥ mānyo nāmnāpi

⟨3r2=26⟩ medhāvī praśastiṃ kṛtavān imām· ⁋

Plates: Tamil Portion⟨3r3=27⟩ kō-vicaiya-siṁhavarmmaṟ·ku yāṇ·ṭ’ āṟāvatu   veṇ 
⟨3r4=28⟩ kuṉ·ṟa-k-kōṭṭatu-p peru-nakara-nāṭṭu nāṭṭār· 
⟨3r5=29⟩ kāṇ(·)ka   ta¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ nāṭṭu Amaṇ·cērkkai parut·ti 
⟨3r6=30⟩ k· kuṉ·ṟil· vajranandik kuravar·kkup paḷḷiccantam ā-
⟨3r7=31⟩ ka-k(·) koṭuttōn   tāṅkaḷum paṭākai naṭantu kal-
⟨3r8=32⟩ luṅ· kaḷḷiyun nāṭṭi Aṟaiyōlai ceytu k(o) 
⟨Page 3v⟩ 
⟨3v1=33⟩ ṭuttu viṭutaka-v eṉ·ṟu nāṭṭār·kut tirumukam· viṭa   nāṭṭā-
⟨3v2=34⟩ run tirumukaṅ kaṇṭu toḻutu talaikku vait·tu paṭā-
⟨3v3=35⟩ kai naṭa⟨n⟩tu kalluṅ· kaḷliyu nāṭṭi nāṭṭār viṭunta 
⟨3v4=36⟩ Aṟaiyōlai-p paṭikk’ ellai   kīḻ-pā-
⟨3v5=37⟩ l ellai Ental ēriyiṉ· kīḻai-k kaṭaṟṟi-
⟨3v6=38⟩ ṉ· mēṟ·kum ōmai-k· kollai Ellai Iṉṉu-
⟨3v7=39⟩ m· teṉ·-pāl ellai vēḷ vaṭukaṉ· kēṇiyi 
⟨3v8=40⟩ ṉ· vaṭakkum· kaṭaṟṟiṉ el·lai Iṉṉun· nīla-pāṭi 
⟨Page 4r⟩ 
⟨4r1=41⟩ El·lai Iṉ·ṉum· vilāṭaṉ· kuṟ·ṟ-ēt·tat·t’ ellai 
⟨4r2=42⟩ Iṉ·ṉum· mēl·-pāl ellai māv-ēt·tat·tu 
⟨4r3=43⟩ vatiyiṉ· kiḻak·kum· mum·mūlai Ēt·tat·t’ ellai 
⟨4r4=44⟩ Iṉṉum āṟ·ṟ’ ellai Iṉ·ṉum· vaṭa-pāl’ el·-
⟨4r5=45⟩ lai peruṅ-kol·laiyiṉ· ṟeṟku Iṉ·ṉum 
⟨4r6=46⟩ pāṇṭiyaṉ· kayatt’ ellai Iṉṉum{u} murukkaṅ· 
⟨4r7=47⟩ kēṇi Ellai   Ivv-icait·ta peru-nāṅk’ el(·) 
⟨4r8=48⟩ lai-y akattum akap·paṭ·ṭa nilam· nīr·-nilamum(·) 
⟨Page 4v⟩ 
⟨4v1=49⟩ puṉ·-cey·yum· kaḷarum(·) kaṉ·ṟu-mēy·-pāḻum· kāṭu-
⟨4v2=50⟩ m· pīṭilikaiyum· kiṭaṅ·kuṅ· kēṇiyum maṉai-
⟨4v3=51⟩ yum· maṉaip-paṭappum· Uṭump’ ōṭi Āmai tava 
⟨4v4=52⟩ ḻntat’ el·lām· Uṇṇilaṉ ōḻiv’ iṉ(·)ṟi 
⟨4v5=53⟩ kōvum· poṟiyum· māṟ·ṟi kuṭi nīkki Ivv-ūr 
⟨4v6=54⟩ peṟṟa vajranandi-k· kuravar·kkē paḷḷic·cantam-āka tā 
⟨4v7=55⟩ marilum· patiṉāṟarai-p· paṭṭi nilaṅ· koṭut 
⟨4v8=56⟩ tōm·   In-nilattiṟ·k’ el(·)lai kīḻ·-pāl e 
⟨Page 5r⟩ 
⟨5r1=57⟩ l·lai pulikiḻār(·) paṭṭiyiṉ· mēṟ·kum· teṉ·-pā-
⟨5r2=58⟩ l el·lai muḷḷeṟi-pāt·t’ ellaiyiṉ· vaṭa--
⟨5r3=59⟩ k·kum· mēl·-pāl ellai pokku-vāy·-c cēru-
⟨5r4=60⟩ viṉ kiḻakkum· vaṭa-pāl el·lai pallāṅ·ku-
⟨5r5=61⟩ ḻi-k· kāviṉ teṟ·k(·)kum·   In·-nāṉ·k’ el·lai-
⟨5r6=62⟩ -y akattum· Akapaṭ·ṭa bhūmiyum· parutti-k kuṉ·ṟi-
⟨5r7=63⟩ l· vajranandi-k· kuravar·kkē paḷḷiccantam-āka parada 
⟨5r8=64⟩ tti ceṉṟatu narabhayaṉ āṇat·tiyāl | {si} ⁋ ⁋  
⟨Page 5v⟩ 

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⟨1⟩ ...

Plates: Sanskrit Portion

⟨Page 1r⟩

I. Upajāti

⟨Page 1v⟩ ⟨1v1=1⟩ svarggāpava(r)gga-praguṇāgra-mārgga-

-prakāśi-vākyo jaya⟨1v2=1⟩tāj jinendraḥ

munīndra-devendra-narendra-

-vidvad-vandāru-bṛndāraka⟨1v3=3⟩-bṛnda-vandyaḥ ⁋

II. Śārdūlavikrīḍita

Āsīd ambuja-nābha-nābhi-jala-jād abjāsano⟨1v4=4⟩to ⟨’⟩ṃgirā

gī⟨r⟩-vvāṇeśa-gurus tatas tata-matiś śa⟨1v5=5⟩ṃyur bharadvājakaḥ

droṇo drauṇir ato ’bha-va-t pu⟨1v6=6⟩ra-ripor aṃśas tataḥ pallavaḥ

śrīmān-nīradhi-nīra-nīlavasa⟨1v7=7⟩nā-kṣmā-vallabhā-vallabhaḥ ||

III. Pr̥thvī

tataḥ pratata-kīrttiṣu prahata-lo⟨1v8=8⟩ka-śokeṣv iteṣv

aśoka-harigupta-rāḍ·-pramukha⟨2r1=9⟩-pallaveṣu kramāt(·)

praṇamra-nṛpa-kamra-m¡o!⟨au⟩ly-aruṇa-ratna-ra⟨2r2=10⟩śmy-ātapat-

-prabuddha-pada-paṃkajeṣv ajani siṃhavarmmādhipāt ⁋

IV. Upajāti

...

V. Śārdūlavikrīḍita

...

VI. Upajāti

...

VII. Upajāti

...

VIII. Anuṣṭubh

...

IX. Anuṣṭubh

samasta-śāstra-niṣṇā⟨Page 3r⟩⟨3r1=25⟩ta-

dhiṣaṇo dhiṣaṇopamaḥ

mānyo nāmnāpi ⟨3r2=26⟩ medhāvī

praśastiṃ kṛtavān imām· ⁋

Plates: Tamil Portion

⟨3r3=27⟩ kō-vicaiya-siṁhavarmmaṟ·ku yāṇ·ṭ’ āṟāvatu

veṇ ⟨3r4=28⟩ kuṉ·ṟa-k-kōṭṭatu-p peru-nakara-nāṭṭu nāṭṭār· ⟨3r5=29⟩ kāṇ(·)ka

ta¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ nāṭṭu Amaṇ·cērkkai parut·ti ⟨3r6=30⟩ k· kuṉ·ṟil· vajranandik kuravar·kkup paḷḷiccantam ā⟨3r7=31⟩ka-k(·) koṭuttōn

⟨Page 5v⟩

Apparatus

Plates: Sanskrit Portion

⟨1⟩ svarggāpava(r)gga° ⬦ TNS1959.

⟨3⟩ ambuja° ⬦ a(ṃ)buja° TNS1959.

⟨4⟩ gī⟨r⟩° ⬦ gī(r)° TNS1959.

⟨9⟩ kramāt(·) ⬦ kramāt(·) TNS1959. — ⟨9⟩ °m¡o!⟨au⟩ly° ⬦ °mauly°. TNS1959.

Plates: Tamil Portion

⟨32⟩ k(o)⟨Page 3v⟩ ⟨3v1=33⟩ ṭuttu • In k(o), only the kāl is unclear.

Translation by Emmanuel Francis

Plates: Sanskrit Portion

I

May Jinendra, whose words/commands are illuminating in the path of highest virtues ⟨which lead⟩ to heaven and final beatitude, be victorious,

He who is praised, for a multitude of aeons (araka¹), by the multitude of the great sages, great gods/Indra, great men/kings, wise men and panegyrists.

II

From he who is born on the waters on the navel of he whose navel is a lotus², sitting in the lotus posture, was born Aṅgiras;

From him, the preceptor who is the master of those who have words as arrows³; ⟨from him⟩, Śaṃyu, whose thoughts are broad/concealed; ⟨from him⟩, Bharadvājaka;

⟨from him⟩, Droṇa; ⟨from him⟩, Drauṇi⁴, who was a partial incarnation of the enemy of Pura; from him was born Pallava,

Who is the glorious beloved of his beloved earth, who has the waters of the ocean for her garments.

III

Then, after Pallava ⟨kings⟩, such as Aśoka, Harigupta, and others, were gone one after the other,

Their fame having spread ⟨in the world⟩ and their wordly pains having ceased (prahatta⁵),

Their lotus-feet having been awakened by the hot rays of the red jewels on the beautiful crowns

of bowing kings, from the king Siṃhavarman was born:

Plates: Tamil Portion

Translation into French by Brocquet 1997

Plates: Sanskrit Portion

I

Puisse⁶ le Seigneur Jina […] les plus hautes vertus qui conduisent au ciel et à la délivrance

- Lui que doit révérer la multitude […] des grands ermites et du roi des dieux […]

II

[Brahmā] naquit du dieu dont le nombril est un lotus ; de lui naquit Aṃgiras,

De ce dernier Gīrvāṇeśa⁷ […] [qui eut pour fils] Śamyu; puis vint Bharadvājaka,

[Qui engendra] Droṇa; [de ce dernier naquit] celui qui fut une incarnation partielle de l’Ennemi de Pura⁸ ; Pallava,

[…] de la Fortune […], qui fut l’époux de son épouse la Terre.

III

Puis […] disparues les causes de douleur,

Aśoka […]; quand, les uns après les autres, les Pallava […],

Dont les rois, en s’inclinant, des rayons brûlants émanant des gemmes rougeoyants de leurs beaux diadèmes,

Eveillaient les pieds de lotus, Siṃhavarman naquit du souverain⁹ […]

IV

Śrī-Siṁhaviṣṇu, qui dépassa Siṁhaviṣṇu¹⁰

Par sa force, dont l’arc surpassa même celui de Jiṣṇu¹¹,

Qui illustra sa lignée resplendissante,

Qui, dans les combats, repoussa les audacieux¹².

V

C’est chez ce souverain doué d’une profonde intelligence que trouvèrent place l’ensemble des vertus immaculées des guerriers, qui ne trouvent pas de place chez les autres : notamment la vérité, le renoncement (/la générosité) et la modestie;

Et mieux que son rival, il s’empara de la terre des Coḷa dont la Kāverī est le collier, les rizières et les champs de canne à sucre l’aṁśuka, les vergers de noix d’arech et de bananes la belle ceinture.

VI

Au lieu sacré de Śrī-Varddhamāneśvara,

Dans la noble congrégation de Śrī-Nandisaṁgha, par les chefs de la congrégation

Méritants, innombrables et vertueux, entouré d’une abondante

Compagnie, naquit, pareil à Gaṇin, Vajranandī.

VII

Le roi donna tout entier le village nommé Śramaṇāśrama, après en avoir délimité les frontières

A cet ascète, pour qu’il célèbre le culte du Seigneur Jina, au nom du groupe des grands ascètes adeptes du Seigneur Jina.

VIII

L’exécuteur fut, en cette occasion, le ministre intrépide nommé Narabhaya,

Un homme avisé, réceptacle d’une multitude de nobles vertus, dont l’humilité et la sérénité.

IX

Comparable à Dhiṣaṇa par son intelligence rompue à tous les traités,

Celui dont le nom lui-même est digne d’honneur, Medhāvin composa ce panégyrique.

Bibliography

Reported in Sircar 19?? (ARIE/1958-1959/A/1958-1959/10).

Edited and translated in Subramaniam 1959 (TASSI 1958-1959), with photos; text of the Tamil portion in Zvelebil 1964; edited in Subrahmanian 1966; text and summary in Mahalingam 1988 (IP 17); text and French translation in Brocquet 1997 (B 14).

Edited and translated here by Emmanuel Francis (2024), based on previous editions, published visual documentation, and on a online photo (accessed 2024-04-21) of second fragment of plate 1, kindly pointed out to me by Centamiḻ Celvaṉ (April 2024). The apparatus is restricted mostly to variant readings compared to Subramaniam 1959, which edition has been followed by most further editors.

Primary

[TNS1959] Subramaniam, T. N. 1959. “Paḷḷaṉkōvil Jaina copper-plate grant of early Pallava period.” TASSI 1958-1959, pp. 41–83.

[Z] Zvelebil, Kamil Veith. 1964. Tamil in 550 A.D.: An interpretation of Early inscriptional Tamil. Dissertiones orientales 3. Prague: Publishing House of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences.

[TNS] Subrahmanian, T.N. 1966. Pallavar ceppēṭukaḷ muppatu / Thirty Pallava Copper-Plates (Prior to 1000 A.D.) Madras: Tamil Varalatru Kazhagam.

[IP] Mahalingam, T. V. 1988. Inscriptions of the Pallavas. New Delhi; Delhi: Indian Council of Historical Research; Agam Prakashan. Pages 89–93, item 17.

[B] Brocquet, Sylvain. 1997. “Les inscriptions sanskrites des Pallava : poésie, rituel, idéologie.” Thèse de doctorat, Université de la Sorbonne Nouvelle. Paris. Page TBC, item 14.

Secondary

Sircar, Dines Chandra. 19?? Annual report on Indian epigraphy for 1958-59. [Delhi]: [Manager of Publications (Department of Archaeology)]. Pages 3–4, 27, appendixes A/1958-1959, item 10, plate III.

Francis, Emmanuel. 2013. Le discours royal dans l'Inde du Sud ancienne : inscriptions et monuments Pallava, IV^ème-IX^ème siècles. Tome I : Introduction et sources. Publications de l'Institut orientaliste de Louvain 64. Louvain-la-Neuve; Paris: Université catholique de Louvain, Institut orientaliste; Peeters. Item IR 21.

Rajēntiran̲, Mu. 2015. Pallavar kālac ceppēṭukaḷ. mūn̲r̲ām patippu. Vantavāci: Akani Veḷiyīṭu. [URL]. Page TBC.

Notes

1. That is, ara.
2. That is, Brahmā, arising form the navel of Viṣṇu.
3. That is, Bṛhaspati, the preceptor of the gods and the purohita of Indra.
4. That is, Aśvatthāman.
5. Literally, "killed, defeated".
6. La fin de b (-tāj jinêndraḥ) permet de supposer un impératif en -tāt; il s’agit d’une invocation à Mahāvīra, ouvrant le texte d’une inscription qui enregistre une donation en faveur d’un ascète jaina, de la part d’un souverain dont il y a tout lieu de penser qu’il fut adepte de cette religion. La généalogie commence à la str. 2.
7. Litt. « le maître des êtres ayant la parole pour flèches », appellation de Bṛhaspati.
8. Aśvatthāman, incarnation partielle de Śiva.
9. Le dernier mot (adhipāt) oblige à supposer que le nom du père de Siṃhavarman est mentionné, à l’abl., dans l’une ou l’autre des parties illisibles.
10. = Narasiṁha (avatar de Viṣṇu), à moins qu’il ne s’agisse du nom d’un autre roi, que celui-ci aurait vaincu à la guerre.
11. = Arjuna.
12. Il semble que le verbe dont ce personnage est le sujet soit omis.

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<l n="a" enjamb="yes"><pb n="1v"/><lb n="1v1=1"/>svarggāpava<unclear>r</unclear>gga-praguṇāgra-mārgga</l>

<l n="b">-prakāśi-vākyo jaya<lb n="1v2=1" break="no"/>tāj jinendraḥ</l>

<l n="c" enjamb="yes">munīndra-devendra-narendra</l>

<l n="d">-vidvad-vandāru-bṛndāraka<lb n="1v3=3" break="no"/>-bṛnda-vandyaḥ <g type="gomutraFinal">.</g></l>

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<l n="a">Āsīd ambuja-nābha-nābhi-jala-jād abjāsano<lb n="1v4=4" break="no"/>to <supplied reason="subaudible">’</supplied>ṃgirā</l>

<l n="b">gī<supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied>-vvāṇeśa-gurus tatas tata-matiś śa<lb n="1v5=5" break="no"/>ṃyur bharadvājakaḥ</l>

<l n="c">droṇo drauṇir ato ’bha-va-t pu<lb n="1v6=6" break="no"/>ra-ripor aṃśas tataḥ pallavaḥ</l>

<l n="d">śrīmān-nīradhi-nīra-nīlavasa<lb n="1v7=7" break="no"/>nā-kṣmā-vallabhā-vallabhaḥ <g type="ddanda">.</g></l>

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<l n="a">tataḥ pratata-kīrttiṣu prahata-lo<lb n="1v8=8" break="no"/>ka-śokeṣv iteṣv</l>

<l n="b">aśoka-harigupta-rāḍ·-pramukha<lb n="2r1=9" break="no"/>-pallaveṣu kramāt<unclear>·</unclear></l>

<l n="c" enjamb="yes">praṇamra-nṛpa-kamra-m<choice><orig>o</orig><reg>au</reg></choice>ly-aruṇa-ratna-ra<lb n="2r2=10" break="no"/>śmy-ātapat</l>

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<l n="a" enjamb="yes">samasta-śāstra-niṣṇā<pb n="3r" break="no"/><lb n="3r1=25" break="no"/>ta</l>

<l n="b">dhiṣaṇo dhiṣaṇopamaḥ</l>

<l n="c">mānyo nāmnāpi <lb n="3r2=26"/> medhāvī</l>

<l n="d">praśastiṃ kṛtavān imām· <g type="gomutraFinal">§§§§§§</g></l>

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<lb n="3r3=27"/>kō-vicaiya-<hi rend="grantha">siṁha</hi>va<hi rend="grantha">rmma</hi>ṟ·ku yāṇ·ṭ’ āṟāvatu

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veṇ

<lb n="3r4=28"/>kuṉ·ṟa-k-kōṭṭatu-p peru-nakara-nāṭṭu nāṭṭār·

<lb n="3r5=29"/>kāṇ<unclear>·</unclear>ka

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ta<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice> nāṭṭu Amaṇ·cērkkai parut·ti

<lb n="3r6=30"/>k· kuṉ·ṟil· vajranandik kuravar·kkup paḷḷiccantam ā

<lb n="3r7=31" break="no"/>ka-k<unclear>·</unclear> koṭuttōn

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tāṅkaḷum paṭākai naṭantu kal

<lb n="3r8=32" break="no"/>luṅ· kaḷḷiyun nāṭṭi Aṟaiyōlai ceytu k<unclear>o</unclear>

<lb n="3v1=33"/>ṭuttu viṭutaka-v eṉ·ṟu nāṭṭār·kut tirumukam· viṭa

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nāṭṭā

<lb n="3v2=34" break="no"/>run tirumukaṅ kaṇṭu toḻutu talaikku vait·tu paṭā

<lb n="3v3=35" break="no"/>kai naṭa<supplied reason="omitted">n</supplied>tu kalluṅ· kaḷliyu nāṭṭi nāṭṭār viṭunta

<lb n="3v4=36"/>Aṟaiyōlai-p paṭikk’ ellai

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kīḻ-pā

<lb n="3v5=37" break="no"/>l ellai Ental ēriyiṉ· kīḻai-k kaṭaṟṟi

<lb n="3v6=38" break="no"/>ṉ· mēṟ·kum ōmai-k· kollai Ellai Iṉṉu

<lb n="3v7=39" break="no"/>m· teṉ·-pāl ellai vēḷ vaṭukaṉ· kēṇiyi

<lb n="3v8=40"/>ṉ· vaṭakkum· kaṭaṟṟiṉ el·lai Iṉṉun· nīla-pāṭi

<lb n="4r1=41"/>El·lai Iṉ·ṉum· vilāṭaṉ· kuṟ·ṟ-ēt·tat·t’ ellai

<lb n="4r2=42"/>Iṉ·ṉum· mēl·-pāl ellai māv-ēt·tat·tu

<lb n="4r3=43"/>vatiyiṉ· kiḻak·kum· mum·mūlai Ēt·tat·t’ ellai

<lb n="4r4=44"/>Iṉṉum āṟ·ṟ’ ellai Iṉ·ṉum· vaṭa-pāl’ el·

<lb n="4r5=45" break="no"/>lai peruṅ-kol·laiyiṉ· ṟeṟku Iṉ·ṉum

<lb n="4r6=46"/>pāṇṭiyaṉ· kayatt’ ellai Iṉṉum<surplus>u</surplus> murukkaṅ·

<lb n="4r7=47"/>kēṇi Ellai

</p>

<p>

Ivv-icait·ta peru-nāṅk’ el<unclear>·</unclear>

<lb n="4r8=48"/>lai-y akattum akap·paṭ·ṭa nilam· nīr·-nilamum<unclear>·</unclear>

<lb n="4v1=49"/>puṉ·-cey·yum· kaḷarum<unclear>·</unclear> kaṉ·ṟu-mēy·-pāḻum· kāṭu

<lb n="4v2=50" break="no"/>m· pīṭilikaiyum· kiṭaṅ·kuṅ· kēṇiyum maṉai

<lb n="4v3=51" break="no"/>yum· maṉaip-paṭappum· Uṭump’ ōṭi Āmai tava

<lb n="4v4=52"/>ḻntat’ el·lām· Uṇṇilaṉ ōḻiv’ iṉ<unclear>·</unclear>ṟi

<lb n="4v5=53"/>kōvum· poṟiyum· māṟ·ṟi kuṭi nīkki Ivv-ūr

<lb n="4v6=54"/>peṟṟa va<hi rend="grantha">jranandi</hi>-k· kuravar·kkē paḷḷic·cantam-āka tā

<lb n="4v7=55"/>marilum· patiṉāṟarai-p· paṭṭi nilaṅ· koṭut

<lb n="4v8=56"/>tōm·

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In-nilattiṟ·k’ el<unclear>·</unclear>lai kīḻ·-pāl e

<lb n="5r1=57"/>l·lai pulikiḻār<unclear>·</unclear> paṭṭiyiṉ· mēṟ·kum· teṉ·-pā

<lb n="5r2=58" break="no"/>l el·lai muḷḷeṟi-pāt·t’ ellaiyiṉ· vaṭa-

<lb n="5r3=59" break="no"/>k·kum· mēl·-pāl ellai pokku-vāy·-c cēru

<lb n="5r4=60" break="no"/>viṉ kiḻakkum· vaṭa-pāl el·lai pallāṅ·ku

<lb n="5r5=61" break="no"/>ḻi-k· kāviṉ teṟ·k<unclear>·</unclear>kum·

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In·-nāṉ·k’ el·lai

<lb n="5r6=62" break="no"/>-y akattum· Akapaṭ·ṭa <hi rend="grantha">bhūmi</hi>yum· parutti-k kuṉ·ṟi

<lb n="5r7=63" break="no"/>l· va<hi rend="grantha">jranandi</hi>-k· kuravar·kkē paḷḷiccantam-āka <hi rend="grantha">parada

<lb n="5r8=64"/>tti</hi> ceṉṟatu narabhayaṉ āṇat·tiyāl <g type="danda">.</g> {si} <g type="finalGomutra">§</g> <g type="finalGomutra">§</g>

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<head xml:lang="eng">Plates: Sanskrit Portion</head>

<lem>svarggāpava<unclear>r</unclear>gga°</lem>

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<lem>ambuja°</lem>

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<lem>kramāt<unclear>·</unclear></lem>

<rdg source="bib:Subramaniam1959_01">kramāt<unclear>·</unclear></rdg>

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<rdg source="bib:Subramaniam1959_01">°mauly°.</rdg>

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<lem>k<unclear>o</unclear><pb n="3v" break="no"/><lb n="3v1=33"/>ṭuttu</lem>

<note>In <foreign>k<unclear>o</unclear></foreign>, only the <foreign>kāl</foreign> is unclear.</note>

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<head xml:lang="eng">Plates: Sanskrit Portion</head>

<l>May Jinendra, whose words/commands are illuminating in the path of highest virtues <supplied reason="subaudible">which lead</supplied> to heaven and final beatitude, be victorious,</l>

<l>He who is praised, for a multitude of aeons <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>araka</foreign><note>That is, <foreign>ara</foreign>.</note></supplied>, by the multitude of the great sages, great gods/Indra, great men/kings, wise men and panegyrists. </l>

</p>

<l>From he who is born on the waters on the navel of he whose navel is a lotus<note>That is, Brahmā, arising form the navel of Viṣṇu.</note>, sitting in the lotus posture, was born Aṅgiras;</l>

<l>From him, the preceptor who is the master of those who have words as arrows<note>That is, Bṛhaspati, the preceptor of the gods and the <foreign>purohita</foreign> of Indra.</note>; <supplied reason="subaudible">from him</supplied>, Śaṃyu, whose thoughts are broad/concealed; <supplied reason="subaudible">from him</supplied>, Bharadvājaka;</l>

<l><supplied reason="subaudible">from him</supplied>, Droṇa; <supplied reason="subaudible">from him</supplied>, Drauṇi<note>That is, Aśvatthāman.</note>, who was a partial incarnation of the enemy of Pura; from him was born Pallava,</l>

<l>Who is the glorious beloved of his beloved earth, who has the waters of the ocean for her garments.</l>

</p>

<l>Then, after Pallava <supplied reason="subaudible">kings</supplied>, such as Aśoka, Harigupta, and others, were gone one after the other,</l>

<l>Their fame having spread <supplied reason="subaudible">in the world</supplied> and their wordly pains having ceased <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>prahatta</foreign><note>Literally, "killed, defeated".</note></supplied>,</l>

<l>Their lotus-feet having been awakened by the hot rays of the red jewels on the beautiful crowns</l>

<l>of bowing kings, from the king Siṃhavarman was born:</l>

</p>

</div>

<head xml:lang="eng">Plates: Tamil Portion</head>

</div>

<head xml:lang="eng">Plates: Sanskrit Portion</head>

<l>Puisse<note>La fin de b (<foreign>-tāj jinêndraḥ</foreign>) permet de supposer un impératif en -<foreign>tāt</foreign>; il s’agit d’une invocation à Mahāvīra, ouvrant le texte d’une inscription qui enregistre une donation en faveur d’un ascète jaina, de la part d’un souverain dont il y a tout lieu de penser qu’il fut adepte de cette religion. La généalogie commence à la str. 2.</note> le Seigneur Jina <gap reason="lost"/> les plus hautes vertus qui conduisent au ciel et à la délivrance</l>

<l>- Lui que doit révérer la multitude <gap reason="lost"/> des grands ermites et du roi des dieux <gap reason="lost"/></l>

</p>

<l><supplied reason="lost">Brahmā</supplied> naquit du dieu dont le nombril est un lotus ; de lui naquit Aṃgiras,</l>

<l>De ce dernier Gīrvāṇeśa<note>Litt. « le maître des êtres ayant la parole pour flèches », appellation de Bṛhaspati.</note> <gap reason="lost"/> <supplied reason="lost">qui eut pour fils</supplied> Śamyu; puis vint Bharadvājaka,</l>

<l><supplied reason="lost">Qui engendra</supplied> Droṇa; <supplied reason="lost">de ce dernier naquit</supplied> celui qui fut une incarnation partielle de l’Ennemi de Pura<note>Aśvatthāman, incarnation partielle de Śiva.</note> ; Pallava,</l>

<l><gap reason="lost"/> de la Fortune <gap reason="lost"/>, qui fut l’époux de son épouse la Terre.</l>

</p>

<l>Puis <gap reason="lost"/> disparues les causes de douleur,</l>

<l>Aśoka <gap reason="lost"/>; quand, les uns après les autres, les Pallava <gap reason="lost"/>,</l>

<l>Dont les rois, en s’inclinant, des rayons brûlants émanant des gemmes rougeoyants de leurs beaux diadèmes,</l>

<l>Eveillaient les pieds de lotus, Siṃhavarman naquit du souverain<note>Le dernier mot (<foreign>adhipāt</foreign>) oblige à supposer que le nom du père de Siṃhavarman est mentionné, à l’abl., dans l’une ou l’autre des parties illisibles.</note> <gap reason="lost"/></l>

</p>

<l>Śrī-Siṁhaviṣṇu, qui dépassa Siṁhaviṣṇu<note>= Narasiṁha (avatar de Viṣṇu), à moins qu’il ne s’agisse du nom d’un autre roi, que celui-ci aurait vaincu à la guerre.</note></l>

<l>Par sa force, dont l’arc surpassa même celui de Jiṣṇu<note>= Arjuna.</note>,</l>

<l>Qui illustra sa lignée resplendissante,</l>

<l>Qui, dans les combats, repoussa les audacieux<note>Il semble que le verbe dont ce personnage est le sujet soit omis.</note>.</l>

</p>

<l>C’est chez ce souverain doué d’une profonde intelligence que trouvèrent place l’ensemble des vertus immaculées des guerriers, qui ne trouvent pas de place chez les autres : notamment la vérité, le renoncement (/la générosité) et la modestie;</l>

<l>Et mieux que son rival, il s’empara de la terre des Coḷa dont la Kāverī est le collier, les rizières et les champs de canne à sucre l’<foreign>aṁśuka</foreign>, les vergers de noix d’arech et de bananes la belle ceinture.</l>

</p>

<l>Au lieu sacré de Śrī-Varddhamāneśvara,</l>

<l>Dans la noble congrégation de Śrī-Nandisaṁgha, par les chefs de la congrégation</l>

<l>Méritants, innombrables et vertueux, entouré d’une abondante</l>

<l>Compagnie, naquit, pareil à Gaṇin, Vajranandī.</l>

</p>

<l>Le roi donna tout entier le village nommé Śramaṇāśrama, après en avoir délimité les frontières</l>

<l>A cet ascète, pour qu’il célèbre le culte du Seigneur Jina, au nom du groupe des grands ascètes adeptes du Seigneur Jina.</l>

</p>

<l>L’exécuteur fut, en cette occasion, le ministre intrépide nommé Narabhaya,</l>

<l>Un homme avisé, réceptacle d’une multitude de nobles vertus, dont l’humilité et la sérénité.</l>

</p>

<l>Comparable à Dhiṣaṇa par son intelligence rompue à tous les traités,</l>

<l>Celui dont le nom lui-même est digne d’honneur, Medhāvin composa ce panégyrique.</l>

</p>

</div>

<!--<div type="commentary">

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<p>Reported in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1958-1959"/></bibl> (ARIE/1958-1959/A/1958-1959/10).</p>

<p>Edited and translated in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Subramaniam1959_01"/></bibl> (TASSI 1958-1959), with photos; text of the Tamil portion in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Zvelebil1964_01"/></bibl>; edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Subrahmanian1966_01"/></bibl>; text and summary in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"/></bibl> (IP 17); text and French translation in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Brocquet1997_01"/></bibl> (B 14).</p>

<p>Edited and translated here by Emmanuel Francis (2024), based on previous editions, published visual documentation, and on a online <ref target="https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=817416057092666&set=a.467208802113395">photo</ref> (accessed 2024-04-21) of second fragment of plate 1, kindly pointed out to me by Centamiḻ Celvaṉ (April 2024). The apparatus is restricted mostly to variant readings compared to <bibl><ptr target="bib:Subramaniam1959_01"/></bibl>, which edition has been followed by most further editors.</p>

</bibl>

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