Mēlappaḻuvūr, Agastyeśvara temple, time of Rājakesarivarman, year 15

Editors: Valérie Gillet, Emmanuel Francis.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSMelKil00012.

Summary: AIM, southern shrine; engraved across the two wall sections on the northern side of the niche of Skanda on the eastern façade of the sanctuary; 15th regnal year of Kōvirājarājakēsarivarman = Rājarāja I Cōḻa (circa 1000 A.D.); meykkīrtti of Rājarāja I Cōḻa from lines 1 to 5.

Hand description:

Language: Tamil.

Repository: Mēlappaḻuvūr & Kīḻappaḻuvūr (tfa-melappaluvur-kilappaluvur-epigraphy).

Version: 2025-06-06 15:33 (bf3fb67), last modified 2025-06-06 15:33 (bf3fb67).

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī

I. āciriyappā

tiru-makaḷ pōla-p peru-nila‡-[c]-celv[i]yun

ta⟨2⟩ṉa⟨k⟩kē y-urimai pūṇṭamai maṉa[k] ‡ koḷa

kāntaḷūr cā⟨3⟩lai kalam arutta(ruḷi)

vēṅkai-nāṭum ‡ kaṅka-pāṭiyum

nuḷampa-pā⟨4⟩(ṭi)yum taṭikai-pāṭiyum

taṇṭāṟ koṇṭa taṉ

eḻil ‡ vaḷar Ūḻi-y-ūḻil E⟨5⟩llā yā(ṇṭu)m

to(ḻutakai vi)ḷaṅkum (yāṇṭē)

ceḻi‡yarai-t tēcukoḷ

śrī ⟨6⟩ kōvirājarājarāja(kēca)ripanmaṟku yāṇṭu 10 5 Āvatu

‡ kuṉṟakkūṟṟattu tēvatā⟨7⟩[ṉa]m avaṉiyanta [2+] (śva)(ra)ttu Iraṇṭu śrīkōyi‡l mahādevaṟkum Itta⟨8⟩ḷi tēvar makaḷ na [2+] periya Araṅkapirāṉ makaḷ ‡ nakkaṉ kumarakkaṉ Ittē⟨9⟩var tēvatānam (po) [1+] kaiynāṭṭu Ūkaṉkuṭi Apō‡hanam kiṭanta bhumiyai ⟨10⟩ Iraṇṭu puvum (va) [2+] t tirutti Aṭikaḷ paḻuvēṭṭa⌈‡raiyar kaṇṭaṉ maṟavaṉār A ⟨11⟩ […] ‡ [3+] (ṉā)ya(ttu) tiṅkaḷ sa ⟨12⟩ […] sam(kr)ānti pōtu tiṅkaḷ tōṟu‡m Amutu ceyya Orō ⟨13⟩ […] tu Arici [2+] kuttal de‡varnāḻiyāl nā ṉāḻiyā ⟨14⟩ […] māka Arici kuṟuṇiyāka Eṭṭu‡t tiṅkaḷ nāḷaikku Arici ⟨15⟩ […] (Ap)pikai viṣuvukku Iruvadeva(rkku)‡m{c} citti(r)ai viṣuvukku ⟨16⟩ m (Uttara) [2+] ḷ [1+] (kkum) [1+] (Uṇṇa)maya [2+]‡ttukkumāka (A/8) [2+] tūṇi⟨17⟩(yu)m Orō deva(r)ku kaṟi Amutukku nāḻi nā‡ḻiyu ney amutukku nāḻi ⟨18⟩ nāḻiyum tayir [2+] kku nāḻi nāḻiyum A‡ṭaikkāy amutukku nāḻi ⟨19⟩ nāḻiyum Āka nel(lu) kuṟuṇiyāka Āṇṭu va‡rai kalamumāka tiruvamu⟨tu⟩ ⟨20⟩ Arici nāṟṟūṇi Uḷppaṭa nellu nākka‡laṉe tūṇiyum Ik⌈ ⟨21⟩ koyil kaṇavatiya(r)kku Arici Irunāḻi tiruvamu‡tukku tiṅkaḷ Aññāḻiyāka ⟨22⟩ nellu Ē(ḻu) [1+] [.]i nā ṉāḻiyum Iva(cata)kku ‡ cattakūli kalattuvāy ku ⟨23⟩ […] ‡ […] t(ū)ṇi ṉā ⟨24⟩ ṉāḻikkum na(kkaṅ) kumarakkaṉ kalli macakki ‡ kuṭutta nilam [1+] Oru mā ⟨25⟩ (mun)nilam kaikkoṇṭōm devarkaṉmi‡kaḷōm Innivantam cev ⟨26⟩ vit(a/ō)m nām

Itu panmāheśvara rakṣai

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī   tiru-makaḷ pōla-p peru-nila‡-[c]-celv[i]yun ta-
⟨2⟩ ṉa⟨k⟩kē y-urimai pūṇṭamai maṉa[k] ‡ koḷa kāntaḷūr cā-
⟨3⟩ lai kalam arutta(ruḷi) vēṅkai-nāṭum ‡ kaṅka-pāṭiyum nuḷampa-pā-
⟨4⟩ (ṭi)yum taṭikai-pāṭiyum taṇṭāṟ koṇṭa taṉ eḻil ‡ vaḷar Ūḻi-y-ūḻil E-
⟨5⟩ llā yā(ṇṭu)m to(ḻutakai vi)ḷaṅkum (yāṇṭē) ceḻi‡yarai-t tēcukoḷ   śrī 
⟨6⟩ kōvirājarājarāja(kēca)ripanmaṟku yāṇṭu 10 5 Āvatu   ‡ kuṉṟakkūṟṟattu tēvatā-
⟨7⟩ [ṉa]m avaṉiyanta [**] (śva)(ra)ttu Iraṇṭu śrīkōyi‡l mahādevaṟkum Itta-
⟨8⟩ ḷi tēvar makaḷ na [**] periya Araṅkapirāṉ makaḷ ‡ nakkaṉ kumarakkaṉ Ittē-
⟨9⟩ var tēvatānam (po) [*] kaiynāṭṭu Ūkaṉkuṭi Apō‡hanam kiṭanta bhumiyai 
⟨10⟩ Iraṇṭu puvum (va) [**] t tirutti Aṭikaḷ paḻuvēṭṭa⌈‡raiyar kaṇṭaṉ maṟavaṉār A 
⟨11⟩ […] ‡ [***] (ṉā)ya(ttu) tiṅkaḷ sa 
⟨12⟩ […] sam(kr)ānti pōtu tiṅkaḷ tōṟu‡m Amutu ceyya Orō 
⟨13⟩ […] tu Arici [**] kuttal de‡varnāḻiyāl nā ṉāḻiyā 
⟨14⟩ […] māka Arici kuṟuṇiyāka Eṭṭu‡t tiṅkaḷ nāḷaikku Arici 
⟨15⟩ […] (Ap)pikai viṣuvukku Iruvadeva(rkku)‡m{c} citti(r)ai viṣuvukku 
⟨16⟩ m (Uttara) [**] ḷ [*] (kkum) [*] (Uṇṇa)maya [**]‡ttukkumāka (A/8) [**] tūṇi-
⟨17⟩ (yu)m Orō deva(r)ku kaṟi Amutukku nāḻi nā‡ḻiyu ney amutukku nāḻi 
⟨18⟩ nāḻiyum tayir [**] kku nāḻi nāḻiyum A‡ṭaikkāy amutukku nāḻi 
⟨19⟩ nāḻiyum Āka nel(lu) kuṟuṇiyāka Āṇṭu va‡rai kalamumāka tiruvamu⟨tu⟩ 
⟨20⟩ Arici nāṟṟūṇi Uḷppaṭa nellu nākka‡laṉe tūṇiyum Ik⌈ 
⟨21⟩ koyil kaṇavatiya(r)kku Arici Irunāḻi tiruvamu‡tukku tiṅkaḷ Aññāḻiyāka 
⟨22⟩ nellu Ē(ḻu) [*] [.]i nā ṉāḻiyum Iva(cata)kku ‡ cattakūli kalattuvāy ku 
⟨23⟩ […] ‡ […] t(ū)ṇi ṉā 
⟨24⟩ ṉāḻikkum na(kkaṅ) kumarakkaṉ kalli macakki ‡ kuṭutta nilam [*] Oru mā 
⟨25⟩ (mun)nilam kaikkoṇṭōm devarkaṉmi‡kaḷōm Innivantam cev 
⟨26⟩ vit(a/ō)m nām   Itu panmāheśvara rakṣai  

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī

I. āciriyappā

tiru-makaḷ pōla-p peru-nila‡-[c]-celv[i]yun

ta⟨2⟩ṉa⟨k⟩kē y-urimai pūṇṭamai maṉa[k] ‡ koḷa

kāntaḷūr cā⟨3⟩lai kalam arutta(ruḷi)

vēṅkai-nāṭum ‡ kaṅka-pāṭiyum

nuḷampa-pā⟨4⟩(ṭi)yum taṭikai-pāṭiyum

taṇṭāṟ koṇṭa taṉ

eḻil ‡ vaḷar Ūḻi-y-ūḻil E⟨5⟩llā yā(ṇṭu)m

to(ḻutakai vi)ḷaṅkum (yāṇṭē)

ceḻi‡yarai-t tēcukoḷ

śrī ⟨6⟩ kōvirājarājarāja(kēca)ripanmaṟku yāṇṭu 10 5 Āvatu

Itu panmāheśvara rakṣai

Apparatus

⟨10⟩ paḻuvēṭṭa⌈‡raiyar • In the syllable rai, the medial ai is on the wall section, whereas r is engraved after the pilaster.

⟨16⟩ tūṇi⟨17⟩(yu)m • The letter tū looks like tura. Same for ṟū and tū line 20.

Translation by Gillet 2024

This is the 15th year of Kōvirājarājarājakesarivarman who … (meykkīrtti). To Mahādeva of the two (iraṇṭu) holy temples (śrīkōyil) of the lord ([ī]śvarattu) of Avaṉikantarppa (avaṉiyanta[rppa], that is, avaṉikanta[rppa]), a devadāna (tēvatā[ṉa]m) of Kuṉṟakkūṟṟam, the daughter of god (tēvar makaḷ) of this temple (ittaḷi), daughter (makaḷ) of Na […] periya Araṅkapirāṉ, Nakkaṉ Kumarakkaṉ, having renovated (tirutti) […] two complete crops (iraṇṭu pūvum) [for] the land (bhūmiyai) which lies (kiṭanta) without enjoyment (apōhanam) in Ūkaṉkuṭi of Poykaināṭu, a devadāna of this god (ittēvar), […] Aṭikaḷ Paḻuvēṭṭaraiyar Kaṇṭaṉ Maṟavaṉār […],¹ for making (ceyya) holy food (amutu) every (tōṟum) month (tiṅkaḷ) on each time (pōtu) on Saṃkrānti […] as (āka) […] four nāḻis (nā ṉāḻiyāl), by the tēvarnāḻi [measure], of pounded rice (arici ... kuttal?); […] eight kuruṇis (kuruṇiyāka) of rice (arici) for the day (nāḷaikku) of the month (tiṅkaḷ) […] for the Appikaiviṣu day […] rice (arici) […] for the two gods (iruvadevarkku) for Cittiraiviṣu day, […] ; one nāḻi (nāḻi nāḻiyum) for vegetable food offerings (kaṟi amutu) for each god (orō devarku); one nāḻi (nāḻi nāḻiyum) for ghee food offerings (ney-amutukku); one nāḻi (nāḻi nāḻiyum) for curd food offerings (tayir-a[mutu]kku); one nāḻi (nāḻi nāḻiyum) for arecanut food offerings (aṭaikkāy-amutukku); as [one] kuṟuṇi of paddy (nellu), as [one?] kalam (kalamum) for one year (aṇṭu varai), [one] tūṇi and four kalams (nā-k-kalaṉē) of paddy (nellu) included (uḷpaṭa) in four tūṇis (nāṟṟūṇi, that is, nāl tūṇi) of rice food offerings (tiruvamu arici, that is, tiruvamutu arici); for Gaṇapatiyar of this temple (ikkōyil), two nāḻis (iru nāḻi) of rice (arici); four nāḻis (nā nāḻiyum) […] of paddy as that (añ) nāḻi (ñāḻiyāka) of the month (tiṅkaḷ) for holy food offerings; four nāḻis and tūṇi […] as per kalam (kalattuvāy) for the wages for labour (cattakūli) [ivacatakku?²]; Nakkan Kumarakkaṉ, having dug (kalli) and having prepared (macakki) [the land], gave (kuṭutta) one mā; we, the Devarkaṉmis, have taken in hand (kaikkoṇṭōm) this old land (munnilam? Or mūnnilam, i.e. three lands?). We (nām) will cause to make (cevvittōm) this endowment (innivantam). This is under the protection of the Panmāheśvaras.

Commentary

(11) The beginnining of the line is covered by cement.

(12–15) The beginnining of the lines is damaged.

(23) The beginnining of the line is covered by cement.

Bibliography

Reported in ARIE 1923-1924 (ARIE/1923-1924/C/1924/363).

Edited and translated in Gillet 2024, based on autopsy.

This digital edition by Valérie Gillet and Emmanuel Francis.

Primary

Gillet, Valérie. 2024. Minor Majesties: The Paḻuvēṭṭaraiyars and their South Indian Kingdom of Paḻuvūr, 9th-11th centuries A.D. New York: Oxford University Press. [URL]. Pages 146–147, item 12.

Secondary

ARIE 1923-1924. Annual report on South-Indian epigraphy for the year ending 31st March 1924. Edited by G. Venkoba Rao. Madras: Government Press, 1925. Page TBC, appendix C/1924, item 363.

Notes

1. The role of this little king is difficult to determine because the next line is no longer legible. Thea after his name, at the end of line 10, may be the beginning of aruḷiceyya, or another similar expression beginning with aruḷi, indicating that he may accept, validate or grant the request made by the tēvaṉār makaḷ.
2. There is no meaning for this word. My reading is perhaps wrong.

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<summary><p>AIM, southern shrine; engraved across the two wall sections on the northern side of the niche of Skanda on the eastern façade of the sanctuary; 15th regnal year of Kōvirājarājakēsarivarman = Rājarāja I Cōḻa (<foreign>circa</foreign> 1000 A.D.); <foreign>meykkīrtti</foreign> of Rājarāja I Cōḻa from lines 1 to 5.</p>

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<lb n="1"/><hi rend="grantha">svasti śrī</hi>

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<l n="3">kāntaḷūr cā<lb n="3" break="no"/>lai kalam arutta<unclear>ruḷi</unclear></l>

<l n="4">vēṅkai-nāṭum ‡ kaṅka-pāṭiyum</l>

<l n="5">nuḷampa-pā<lb n="4" break="no"/><unclear>ṭi</unclear>yum taṭikai-pāṭiyum</l>

<l n="6">taṇṭāṟ koṇṭa taṉ</l>

<l n="7">eḻil ‡ vaḷar Ūḻi-y-ūḻil E<lb n="5" break="no"/>llā yā<unclear>ṇṭu</unclear>m</l>

<l n="8">to<unclear>ḻutakai vi</unclear>ḷaṅkum <unclear>yāṇṭē</unclear></l>

<l n="9">ce<name>ḻi</name>‡yarai-t tēcukoḷ</l>

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<lb n="6"/>kōvirā<hi rend="grantha">ja</hi>rā<hi rend="grantha">ja</hi>rāja<unclear>kēca</unclear>ripa<hi rend="grantha">nma</hi>ṟku yāṇṭu <num value="15"><g type="numeral">10</g> 5</num> Āvatu

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‡ kuṉṟakkūṟṟattu tēvatā

<lb n="7" break="no"/><supplied reason="lost">ṉa</supplied>m avaṉiyanta <gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/> <hi rend="grantha"><unclear>śva</unclear></hi><unclear>ra</unclear>ttu Iraṇṭu <hi rend="grantha">śrī</hi>kōyi‡l <hi rend="grantha">mahāde</hi>vaṟkum Itta

<lb n="8" break="no"/>ḷi tēvar makaḷ na <gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/> periya Araṅkapirāṉ makaḷ ‡ nakkaṉ kumarakkaṉ Ittē

<lb n="9" break="no"/>var tēvatānam <unclear>po</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/> kaiynāṭṭu Ūkaṉkuṭi Apō‡<hi rend="grantha">ha</hi>nam kiṭanta <hi rend="grantha">bhumi</hi>yai

<lb n="10"/>Iraṇṭu puvum <unclear>va</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/> t tirutti Aṭikaḷ paḻuvēṭṭa⌈‡raiyar kaṇṭaṉ maṟavaṉār A

<lb n="11"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> ‡ <gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="character"/> <unclear>ṉā</unclear>ya<unclear>ttu</unclear> tiṅkaḷ <hi rend="grantha">sa</hi>

<lb n="12"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> <hi rend="grantha">sam</hi><hi rend="grantha"><unclear>kr</unclear></hi><hi rend="grantha">ā</hi>nti<hi rend="grantha"> </hi>pōtu tiṅkaḷ tōṟu‡m Amutu ceyya Orō

<lb n="13"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> tu Arici <gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/> kuttal <hi rend="grantha">de‡</hi>varnāḻiyāl nā ṉāḻiyā

<lb n="14"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> māka Arici kuṟuṇiyāka Eṭṭu‡t tiṅkaḷ nāḷaikku Arici

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<lb n="16"/>m <unclear>Uttara</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/> ḷ <gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/> <unclear>kkum</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/> <unclear>Uṇṇa</unclear>maya <gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/>‡ttukkumāka <choice><unclear>A</unclear><unclear>8</unclear></choice> <gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/> tūṇi

<lb n="17" break="no"/><unclear>yu</unclear>m Orō <hi rend="grantha">de</hi>va<unclear>r</unclear>ku kaṟi Amutukku nāḻi nā‡ḻiyu ney amutukku nāḻi

<lb n="18"/>nāḻiyum tayir <gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/> kku nāḻi nāḻiyum A‡ṭaikkāy amutukku nāḻi

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<lb n="20"/>Arici nāṟṟūṇi Uḷppaṭa nellu nākka‡laṉe tūṇiyum Ik⌈

<lb n="21"/>koyil kaṇavatiya<unclear>r</unclear>kku Arici Irunāḻi tiruvamu‡tukku tiṅkaḷ Aññāḻiyāka

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<lb n="23"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> ‡ <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> t<unclear>ū</unclear>ṇi ṉā

<lb n="24"/>ṉāḻikkum na<unclear>kkaṅ</unclear> kumarakkaṉ kalli macakki ‡ kuṭutta nilam <gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/> Oru mā

<lb n="25"/><unclear>mun</unclear>nilam kaikkoṇṭōm <hi rend="grantha">de</hi>varkaṉmi‡kaḷōm Innivantam cev

<lb n="26"/>vit<choice><unclear>a</unclear><unclear>ō</unclear></choice>m nām

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Itu <hi rend="grantha">panmāheśvara rakṣai</hi>

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<lem>paḻuvēṭṭa⌈‡raiyar</lem>

<note>In the syllable <foreign>rai</foreign>, the medial <foreign>ai</foreign> is on the wall section, whereas <foreign>r</foreign> is engraved after the pilaster.</note>

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<lem>tūṇi

<note>The letter <foreign>tū</foreign> looks like <foreign>tura</foreign>. Same for <foreign>ṟū</foreign> and <foreign>tū</foreign> line 20.</note>

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</div>

<p>This is the 15th year of Kōvirājarājarājakesarivarman who <gap reason="ellipsis"/> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>meykkīrtti</foreign></supplied>. To Mahādeva of the two <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>iraṇṭu</foreign></supplied> holy temples <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>śrīkōyil</foreign></supplied> of the lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign><supplied reason="lost">ī</supplied>śvarattu</foreign></supplied> of Avaṉikantarppa <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>avaṉiyanta<supplied reason="lost">rppa</supplied></foreign>, that is, <foreign>avaṉikanta<supplied reason="lost">rppa</supplied></foreign></supplied>, a <foreign>devadāna</foreign> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tēvatā<supplied reason="lost">ṉa</supplied>m</foreign></supplied> of Kuṉṟakkūṟṟam, the daughter of god <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tēvar makaḷ</foreign></supplied> of this temple <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ittaḷi</foreign></supplied>, daughter <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>makaḷ</foreign></supplied> of Na <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> periya Araṅkapirāṉ, Nakkaṉ Kumarakkaṉ, having renovated <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tirutti</foreign></supplied> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> two complete crops <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>iraṇṭu pūvum</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">for</supplied> the land <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>bhūmiyai</foreign></supplied> which lies <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kiṭanta</foreign></supplied> without enjoyment <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>apōhanam</foreign></supplied> in Ūkaṉkuṭi of Poykaināṭu, a <foreign>devadāna</foreign> of this god <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ittēvar</foreign></supplied>, <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> Aṭikaḷ Paḻuvēṭṭaraiyar Kaṇṭaṉ Maṟavaṉār <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>,<note>The role of this little king is difficult to determine because the next line is no longer legible. The<foreign>a</foreign> after his name, at the end of line 10, may be the beginning of <foreign>aruḷiceyya</foreign>, or another similar expression beginning with <foreign>aruḷi</foreign>, indicating that he may accept, validate or grant the request made by the <foreign>tēvaṉār makaḷ</foreign>.</note> for making <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ceyya</foreign></supplied> holy food <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>amutu</foreign></supplied> every <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tōṟum</foreign></supplied> month <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tiṅkaḷ</foreign></supplied> on each time <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>pōtu</foreign></supplied> on Saṃkrānti <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> as <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>āka</foreign></supplied> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> four <foreign>nāḻi</foreign>s <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nā ṉāḻiyāl</foreign></supplied>, by the <foreign>tēvarnāḻi </foreign> <supplied reason="subaudible">measure</supplied>, of pounded rice <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>arici ... kuttal</foreign>?</supplied>; <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> eight <foreign>kuruṇi</foreign>s <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kuruṇiyāka</foreign></supplied> of rice <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>arici</foreign></supplied> for the day <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nāḷaikku</foreign></supplied> of the month <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tiṅkaḷ</foreign></supplied> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> for the Appikaiviṣu day <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> rice <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>arici</foreign></supplied> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> for the two gods <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>iruvadevarkku</foreign></supplied> for Cittiraiviṣu day, <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> ; one <foreign>nāḻi</foreign> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nāḻi nāḻiyum</foreign></supplied> for vegetable food offerings <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kaṟi amutu</foreign></supplied> for each god <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>orō devarku</foreign></supplied>; one <foreign>nāḻi</foreign> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nāḻi nāḻiyum</foreign></supplied> for ghee food offerings <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ney-amutukku</foreign></supplied>; one <foreign>nāḻi</foreign> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nāḻi nāḻiyum</foreign></supplied> for curd food offerings <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tayir-a<supplied reason="lost">mutu</supplied>kku</foreign></supplied>; one <foreign>nāḻi</foreign> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nāḻi nāḻiyum</foreign></supplied> for arecanut food offerings <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>aṭaikkāy-amutukku</foreign></supplied>; as <supplied reason="subaudible">one</supplied> <foreign>kuṟuṇi</foreign> of paddy <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nellu</foreign></supplied>, as <supplied reason="subaudible">one?</supplied> <foreign>kalam</foreign> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kalamum</foreign></supplied> for one year <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>aṇṭu varai</foreign></supplied>, <supplied reason="subaudible">one</supplied> <foreign>tūṇi</foreign> and four <foreign>kalam</foreign>s <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nā-k-kalaṉē</foreign></supplied> of paddy <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nellu</foreign></supplied> included <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uḷpaṭa</foreign></supplied> in four <foreign>tūṇi</foreign>s <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nāṟṟūṇi</foreign>, that is, <foreign>nāl tūṇi</foreign></supplied> of rice food offerings <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tiruvamu arici</foreign>, that is, <foreign>tiruvamutu arici</foreign></supplied>; for Gaṇapatiyar of this temple <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ikkōyil</foreign></supplied>, two <foreign>nāḻi</foreign>s <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>iru nāḻi</foreign></supplied> of rice <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>arici</foreign></supplied>; four <foreign>nāḻi</foreign>s <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nā nāḻiyum</foreign></supplied> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> of paddy as that <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>añ</foreign></supplied> <foreign>nāḻi</foreign> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ñāḻiyāka</foreign></supplied> of the month <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tiṅkaḷ</foreign></supplied> for holy food offerings; four <foreign>nāḻi</foreign>s and <foreign>tūṇi</foreign> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> as per <foreign>kalam</foreign> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kalattuvāy</foreign></supplied> for the wages for labour <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>cattakūli</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible"><foreign>ivacatakku</foreign>?<note>There is no meaning for this word. My reading is perhaps wrong.</note></supplied>; Nakkan Kumarakkaṉ, having dug <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kalli</foreign></supplied> and having prepared <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>macakki</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">the land</supplied>, gave <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kuṭutta</foreign></supplied> one <foreign>mā</foreign>; we, the Devarkaṉmis, have taken in hand <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kaikkoṇṭōm</foreign></supplied> this old land (<foreign>munnilam</foreign>? Or <foreign>mūnnilam</foreign>, i.e. three lands?). We <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nām</foreign></supplied> will cause to make <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>cevvittōm</foreign></supplied> this endowment <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>innivantam</foreign></supplied>. This is under the protection of the Panmāheśvaras.</p></div>

<p n="11">The beginnining of the line is covered by cement.</p>

<p n="12-15">The beginnining of the lines is damaged.</p>

<p n="23">The beginnining of the line is covered by cement.</p>

</div>

<p>Reported in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1923-1924"/></bibl> (ARIE/1923-1924/C/1924/363).</p>

<p>Edited and translated in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Gillet2024_01"/></bibl>, based on autopsy.</p>

<p>This digital edition by Valérie Gillet and Emmanuel Francis.</p>

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