Mēlappaḻuvūr, Kīḻaiyūr, Ireṭṭaikkōyil, Agastyeśvara, time of Rājakesarin, year 6

Authors of digital edition: Valérie Gillet (vagi), Emmanuel Francis (emfr).

Summary: Mēlappaḻuvūr, Kīḻaiyūr, Ireṭṭaikkōyil, Agastyeśvara, on the northern façade of the sanctuary, on the two consecutive wall sections on the eastern side of the niche of Brahmā

AIM, southern shrine; on the northern façade of the sanctuary, on the two consecutive wall sections on the eastern side of the niche of Brahmā; 6th regnal year of Kōvirājakesarivarman = king difficult to identify; identified with Gaṇḍarāditya by Balasubrahmanyam (1963: 62–63) and Balambal (1978: 183); identified with Rājarāja I in SII; inscription similar to #34.

Language: Tamil (tam) [Grantha (grantha), Tamil (tamil)].

Repository: Mēlappaḻuvūr & Kīḻappaḻuvūr (tfa-melappaluvur-kilappaluvur-epigraphy).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSMelKil00010.

File path: DHARMA_INSMelKil00010.xml.

Version: 2026-07-17 15:32 (7314532), last modified 2026-07-17 15:32 (7314532).

Edition

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī kōvirāca[kēsaripan]akku yānṭu 6-Āvatu kunṟakku-
⟨2⟩ ṟṟattu devatānam Avanikantaṟppa-Īśvaragṛhattu tenvāyi⟨l⟩ śrī-
⟨3⟩ kōyil mahādevaṟku It(t)aḷi tēvaṉār makaḷār piḷḷai cēramāṉār (d)e-
⟨4⟩ viyār ṉakkaṉ Akkāra naṅkaiyār cantrādittavaṟ Iravum pakalum Eri (vai)-
⟨5⟩ tta ṉondā-viḷakku Onṟiṉukku paṭi Uḻakkiṉāl nicatam Uḻakku ṉeyy eriya
⟨6⟩ vaitta poṉ 10 2-m paṉṉiru kaḻañcu Ivviḷakk’ eriya vaitta (ti)rā viḷakk’ o-
⟨7⟩ [ṉṟu] ṉirai 2 100 15 Iruppu nā‡rāyam U‡(ḷ)paṭa ce(ruvi)ṭaiyāl 2 100 10 5 Itu pa-
⟨8⟩ nmāyeśvara rakṣai

Apparatus

⟨1⟩ [kesaripan] ⬦ kesaripan SR • This part is no longer legible.

⟨7⟩ [ṉṟu] ⬦ ṉṟu SR • This part is no longer legible.

Translation by Gillet 2024

Fortune! Prosperity! This is the 6th year of Kōvirājakesarivarman. For Mahādeva of the holy shrine (śrīkōyil) of the southern side (tenvāyi > tenvāyil) of the temple (gṛhattu) of the Lord (īśvara) ⟨of⟩ Avanikantaṟppa, a devadāna of Kuṉṟakkūṟṟam, the daughter of god (tēvaṉār makaḷār) of this temple (ittaḷi), wife/queen (deviyār) of Piḷḷai Cēramāṉār, Nakkaṉ Akkāra Naṅkaiyār, gave (vaitta) to burn (eri > eriya) night and day (iravum pakalum), as long as the moon and the sun last (cantrādittavaṟ), one perpetual lamp (nondāviḷakku oṉṟiṉukku); ⟨she⟩ placed (vaitta) 12 kalañcus of gold (poṉ) to burn (eriya) one uḻakku of ghee (ney) everyday (nicatam) with this uḻakku-measure (paṭi uḻakkiṉāl); for this lamp to burn (ivviḷakkeriya), ⟨she⟩ gave (vaitta) 215 standard weight (niṟai) for one standing lamp (tirāviḷakkoṉṟu), 215 by the ceruviṭai measure (ceruviṭaiyāl) including (uḷpaṭa) iron (iruppu) and led (nārāyam). This is under the protection of the Panmāheśvaras.

Commentary

⟨1⟩ Rājakesarin is a king difficult to identify; identified with Gaṇḍarāditya by Balasubrahmanyam (1963: 62–63) and Balambal (1978: 183); identified with Rājarāja I in SII.

⟨1⟩ The inscription is engraved over two consecutive wall sections.

Bibliography

Reported in ARIE 1923–24 (ARIE/1923-1924/C/1924/364).

Edited by Srinivasa Rao 1952 (SII 13.153). Edited and translated in Gillet 2024, based on autopsy.

This digital edition by Valérie Gillet and Emmanuel Francis.

Primary

[SR] Srinivasa Rao, G.V. 1952. South-Indian inscriptions (texts) (with introductory notes in English). Volume XIII: The Cholas. South Indian Inscriptions 13. Madras: Archaeological Survey of India. Page 81, item 153.

[VG] Gillet, Valérie. 2024. Minor Majesties: The Paḻuvēṭṭaraiyars and their South Indian Kingdom of Paḻuvūr, 9th-11th centuries A.D. New York: Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197757710.001.0001. [URL]. Pages 143–144, item 10.

Secondary

ARIE 1923–24. Annual report on South-Indian epigraphy for the year ending 31st March 1924. Edited by G. Venkoba Rao. Madras: Government Press, 1925. Page 73, appendix C/1924, item 364.

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<p>AIM, southern shrine; on the northern façade of the sanctuary, on the two consecutive wall sections on the eastern side of the niche of Brahmā; 6th regnal year of Kōvirājakesarivarman = king difficult to identify; identified with Gaṇḍarāditya by Balasubrahmanyam (1963: 62–63) and Balambal (1978: 183); identified with Rājarāja I in SII; inscription similar to #34.</p>

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kōvirāca<supplied reason="lost">kē<hi rend="grantha">sa</hi>ripan</supplied>akku yānṭu 6-Āvatu

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Itu pa

<lb n="8" break="no"/><hi rend="grantha">nmā</hi>ye<hi rend="grantha">śvara rakṣai</hi>

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<p>Fortune! Prosperity! This is the 6th year of Kōvirājakesarivarman. For Mahādeva of the holy shrine <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>śrīkōyil</foreign></supplied> of the southern side <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tenvāyi > tenvāyil</foreign></supplied> of the temple <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>gṛhattu</foreign></supplied> of the Lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>īśvara</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">of</supplied> Avanikantaṟppa, a <foreign>devadāna</foreign> of Kuṉṟakkūṟṟam, the daughter of god <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tēvaṉār makaḷār</foreign></supplied> of this temple <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ittaḷi</foreign></supplied>, wife/queen <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>deviyār</foreign></supplied> of Piḷḷai Cēramāṉār, Nakkaṉ Akkāra Naṅkaiyār, gave <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>vaitta</foreign></supplied> to burn <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eri </foreign>> <foreign>eriya</foreign></supplied> night and day <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>iravum pakalum</foreign></supplied>, as long as the moon and the sun last <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>cantrādittavaṟ</foreign></supplied>, one perpetual lamp <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nondāviḷakku oṉṟiṉukku</foreign></supplied>; <supplied reason="subaudible">she</supplied> placed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>vaitta</foreign></supplied> 12 <foreign>kalañcu</foreign>s of gold <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>poṉ</foreign></supplied> to burn <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eriya</foreign></supplied> one <foreign>uḻakku</foreign> of <foreign>ghee</foreign> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ney</foreign></supplied> everyday <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nicatam</foreign></supplied> with this <foreign>uḻakku</foreign>-measure <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>paṭi uḻakkiṉāl</foreign></supplied>; for this lamp to burn <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ivviḷakkeriya</foreign></supplied>, <supplied reason="subaudible">she</supplied> gave <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>vaitta</foreign></supplied> 215 standard weight <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>niṟai</foreign></supplied> for one standing lamp <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tirāviḷakkoṉṟu</foreign></supplied>, 215 by the <foreign>ceruviṭai</foreign> measure <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ceruviṭaiyāl</foreign></supplied> including <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uḷpaṭa</foreign></supplied> iron <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>iruppu</foreign></supplied> and led <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nārāyam</foreign></supplied>. This is under the protection of the Panmāheśvaras.</p>

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<p>This digital edition by Valérie Gillet and Emmanuel Francis.</p>

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