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15 <forename>Emmanuel</forename>
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· <forename>Samana</forename>
20 <surname>Gururaja</surname>
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· Licence. To view a copy of the licence, visit
· https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to
· Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View,
45 California, 94041, USA.</p>
· <p>Copyright (c) 2019-2025 by John
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· <summary>Donation of a half-share (<foreign>samabhāga</foreign>) of the village of Kāsaṃpaḷḷi, along with taxes house-site and taxes, by Gopāladeva to Siṃgitale-paṇyāra, a Brahmin of the Hāritagotra.</summary>
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· <p>The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no 809994).</p>
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·<div type="edition" xml:lang="kan-Latn" rendition="class:brāhmī maturity:83215">
·
95
·
· <pb n="1r"/>
·
· <ab xml:lang="san-Latn" rendition="class:brāhmī maturity:83215">
100 <g type="spiral"/> svasti
· </ab>
·
· <p xml:lang="san-Latn" rendition="class:brāhmī maturity:83215">
·
105 <pb n="1v"/>
· <lb n="1v1="/>vikramāditya-satyāśraya-śrī-pṛth<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>vī-vallabha-palla
· <lb n="1v2=2" break="no"/>va-rāja-gopāla-devasya kaikeya-vaṃśodbhavoddhata-pradhāna-pu
· <lb n="1v3=3" break="no"/>ruṣasya Aneka-guṇa-gaṇālaṃk<choice><sic>ra</sic><corr>ṛ</corr></choice>ta-prāsevya-lakṣmī-nivā
· <lb n="1v4=4" break="no"/>sa-vakṣa-sthalasya Aneka-raṇa-vipula-śatru-jana-prabhañjana-ka
110 <lb n="1v5=5" break="no"/>r<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>-karākāra-bāhu-dvayasya caṇḍa-mah<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>sena-putrasya payve
·
· <pb n="2r"/>
· <lb n="2r1=6" break="no"/>gundu-purēśvarasya pallava-rājena dattaḥ
·
115 </p>
·
· <p>
· mantri-purōhita-śrī-kara
· <lb n="2r2=7" break="no"/>ṇamuṃ sāsirvvaruṃ Aṟunūrvvaruṃ sahitaṃ tamma prasāda-paran a
120 <lb n="2r3=8" break="no"/>pponge <choice><sic>Ā</sic><corr>ha</corr></choice>ri<choice><sic>d</sic><corr>t</corr></choice>a-gōtrajange siṃgitale-paṇyārange kāsaṃpa
· <lb n="2r4=9" break="no"/>ḷḷiyā sama-bhāgamāN candra-sūryyar uḷḷappinaṃ sarvva-viruddha-ra
· <lb n="2r5=10" break="no"/>hitaṃ gōpāladeva<supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied> koṭṭaR
· </p>
·
125 <p>
· bhuktānubhuktaṃ salutt’ iḻdudu
· </p>
·
· <p>
130 <pb n="2v"/>
· <lb n="2v1=11"/>mane-dāṇamuṃ palage-gaṇṭaṃ modal-āge kaḻaniyuṃ
·
· <list>
· <item>
135 vaḍagaṇṇā sīme
· <lb n="2v2=12"/>peramaḻe
· </item>
· <item>
· paḍuvaṇṇā sīme tanvaḷḷi gārapāḻi
140 </item>
· <item>
· teṅkaṇṇā sīme
· <lb n="2v3=13"/>neydalgeṟeyā Ēri
· </item>
145 <item>
· mūḍaṇṇā sīme Iḍeveṭṭadā vaḍaga
· <lb n="2v4=14" break="no"/>ṇṇā niriraga <g type="spiral"/>
· </item>
· </list>
150 </p>
· <p>
· koḷaguppe peḻjavasi Ardhaṃ kānasoppin ardhaṃ
· <lb n="2v5=15"/>vāral ardhaṃ karsa-piṇḍaṃ nūṟ-irppatt-e<choice><sic>nt</sic><corr>ṇṭ</corr></choice>u koṃbe gāroḍaṃ pa
· <pb n="3r"/>
155 <lb n="3r1=16" break="no"/>ḍeya<choice><orig>ṃm</orig><reg>ṃ</reg></choice> eṇṭu mūḍe jamali ondu <g type="spiral"/>
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· <p>
· Idu gōp<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>la-dēvarā da
· <lb n="3r2=17" break="no"/>tti
160 </p>
· <p>
· Itaḥ-param idān aḻivoR Ī Aṟu-nūṟu bhūmi Agra
· <lb n="3r3=18" break="no"/>h<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>ramuṃ vāraṇāsiyumān aḻidorā lōkakke salvāR
· </p>
165
· <pb n="3v"/>
·</div>
·
·<div type="apparatus">
170
· <listApp>
·
· <app loc="6">
· <lem>pallava-rājena dattaḥ</lem>
175 <rdg source="bib:LakshminarayanRao1931-1932_03">pallava-rāj<choice><sic>ena</sic><corr>asya</corr></choice> datt<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>ḥ</rdg>
· <note>...</note>
· </app>
·
·
180
·
·
·
·
185
·
·
·
·
190
· </listApp>
·</div>
·
·<div type="translation" resp="part:emfr part:sagu">
195
· <p n="1">
· Prosperity!
· </p>
·
200 <p n="1-6">
· Donation by the Pallava king <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>pallava-rājena dattaḥ</foreign></supplied>,
· <supplied reason="subaudible">that is</supplied>, / for the sake of<note>These alternative translations reflect the uncertainty about the necessity to emend the original text like <bibl><ptr target="bib:LakshminarayanRao1931-1932_03"/></bibl> does. The emended version would mean that Gopāladeva is described as a Pallava king. The unamended version would mean that Gopāladava is a vassal of the Pallava king, who sanctions a gift sollicited by Gopāladeva.</note>
· Gopāladeva, the sun of valiance <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>vikramāditya</foreign></supplied>, the refuge of truth <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>satyāśraya</foreign></supplied>, the favourite of the fortune and of the earth <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>śrī-pṛthivī</foreign></supplied>, the Pallava king <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>pallava-rāja</foreign></supplied>,<note>The first three epithets are traditional epithets of the Cāḷukya kings. They might qualify Gopāladeva (<bibl><ptr target="bib:LakshminarayanRao1931-1932_03"/></bibl>) or <foreign>pallavarāja</foreign> (<bibl><ptr target="bib:Brocquet1997_01"/></bibl>). As for <foreign>pallavarāja</foreign>, it is not clear if it describes Gopāladeva as belonging to the Pallava lineage or if it is the appropriation by a vassal of the dynastic title of his overlord. It is not clear either if Pallava refers here to the Pallavas of Kāñcipuram or to the Noḷamba-Pallavas.</note>
· ...
205 </p>
·
· <p n="6-10">
· Along with his minister, his chaplain, his accountant, the one-thousand, and the six-hundred,
· Gopāladeva gave, free from all opposition, a half-share <supplied reason="subaudible">of the village</supplied> of Kāsaṃpaḷḷi
210 to ...
· </p>
·
· <p n="10">...</p>
·
215 <p n="11-14"><supplied reason="subaudible">The donation consists in the</supplied> gift of a house-site and a rice-field, <supplied reason="subaudible">the boundaries of which are as follows</supplied>:
·
· <list>
· <item>the northern boundary ...;</item>
· <item>the western boundary ...;</item>
220 <item>the southern boundary ...;</item>
· <item>the western boundary ....</item>
· </list>
·
· </p>
225
· <p n="14-16">
· <supplied reason="subaudible">The donation further consists in</supplied>
· ...
· </p>
230
· <p n="16-17">
· This is a donation of Gopāladeva.</p>
·
· <p n="17-18">He who destroys this will enter the world of those who destroy this <foreign>agrahāra</foreign> comprising six hundred lands as well as Benares.</p>
235</div>
·
·<div type="translation" xml:lang="fra" source="bib:Brocquet1997_01">
·
· <p n="1">Salut !</p>
240
· <p n="1-6">Donation de Gopāladeva, roi des Pallava, soleils de bravoure et refuges de la vérité qui sont les favoris de la Fortune et de la Terre, noble et important personnage issu de la lignée de Kaikeya, qu’illustre le cortège de ses nombreuses vertus, qui se montre digne qu’on l’honore, sur la poitrine duquel repose la Fortune, et dont les deux bras, semblables à des trompes d’éléphant, ont dans plus d’un combat anéanti de puissants ennemis : le fils de Caṇḍamahāsena, le seigneur de la cité Payvegundu, le roi des Pallava.</p>
·
·</div>
·
245<div type="translation" source="bib:LakshminarayanRao1931-1932_03">
·
· <p>[original translation converted to DHARMA transliteration scheme]</p>
·
· <p n="1-6">Hail! This is the gift of the Pallava chief Gopāladeva <hi rend="italic">alias</hi> Vikramāditya-Satyāśraya, who was the favourite of Fortune and Earth, the chief among the exalted personages born of the Kaikeya family, who was adorned with a multitude of virtues and whose breast was the abode of the <supplied reason="subaudible">goddess</supplied> Lakṣmī, who had a pair of arms which resembled the elephant’s trunk in shape and which had destroyed the hosts of enemies in several battles, who was the son of Caṇḍamahāsena and the lord of the city of Payvegundu.</p>
250
· <p n="6-10">Gopāladeva, attended by his minister, the <foreign>purohita</foreign> <supplied reason="explanation">family priest</supplied>, the <foreign>śrīkaraṇa</foreign> <supplied reason="explanation">officer of Accounts</supplied>, the one-thousand <supplied reason="subaudible"><foreign>mahājana</foreign>s</supplied> and the six-hundred <supplied reason="subaudible"><foreign>nāḍu</foreign></supplied> granted, free from all opposition, to Siṃgitale-Paṇyāra of the Hārita-gotra who had earned his <supplied reason="subaudible">Gopāladeva’s</supplied> favour the equal share <supplied reason="explanation"><hi rend="italic">i.e.</hi>, half</supplied> of the village Kāsampaḷḷi <supplied reason="subaudible">to be enjoyed</supplied> as long as the sun and the moon exist. <supplied reason="subaudible">This estate</supplied> was in <supplied reason="subaudible">his</supplied> continued enjoyment.</p>
·
· <p n="11-14"><supplied reason="subaudible">The portion granted was as follows:</supplied> The house site and the rice-fields beginning from <supplied reason="subaudible">the place called?</supplied> Palage-gaṇṭa. The northern boundary <supplied reason="subaudible">of this was</supplied> the <supplied reason="subaudible">village</supplied> Peramaḻe, the western boundary <supplied reason="subaudible">consisted of the villages</supplied> Taṇvaḷḷi and Gārapāḻi, the southern boundary <supplied reason="subaudible">was</supplied> the embankment of the <supplied reason="subaudible">tank called</supplied> Neydalgeṟe and the eastern boundary <supplied reason="subaudible">was</supplied> the lake on the north of <supplied reason="subaudible">the hill called</supplied> Iḍevaṭṭa.</p>
·
255 <p n="14-16"><supplied reason="subaudible">Besides this</supplied> he was granted one half of the incomes <foreign>koḷaguppe</foreign><note>For the explanation of these terms see above p. 176.</note> and <foreign>peḻjavasi</foreign>, one-half of <foreign>kāna-soppu</foreign> and one-half of <foreign>vāral</foreign> and a lump sum of one hundred and twenty eight <foreign>karsa</foreign> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kārshāpaṇa</foreign>?</supplied> <gap reason="ellipsis"/><note>The meaning of <foreign>kombe gāroḍam</foreign> is not clear.</note> and a pair of eight <foreign>mūḍe</foreign>s.</p>
·
· <p n="16-18">This was the gift of Gopāladeva. He who destroys this will enter the world of those who destroy this <foreign>agrahāra</foreign> comprising six hundred lands and Benares.</p>
·</div>
·
260<div type="commentary">
·
· <p>On the taxes or incomes donated, see <bibl><ptr target="bib:LakshminarayanRao1931-1932_03"/><citedRange unit="page">176</citedRange></bibl>: <quote>The significance of certain incomes, the halves of which were granted to the donee, viz., <foreign>koḷaguppe</foreign>, <foreign>peḻjavasi</foreign>, <foreign>kānasoppu</foreign> and <foreign>vāral</foreign> is not quite clear. I may suggest, however that <foreign>koḷaguppe</foreign> may denote a heap (<foreign>kuppe</foreign>) made up of the share due to the state on every <foreign>koḷa</foreign> (a measure of capacity) of the produce. <foreign>Javasi</foreign> may mean a tax in kind on <foreign>javasa</foreign> (Skt. <foreign>yavasa</foreign>) meaning meadow grass; <foreign>peḻjavasi</foreign> would then be a tax levied on big (meadows of) straw. <foreign>Kāna</foreign> or <foreign>kān</foreign> means forest and <foreign>soppu</foreign> means foliage in Kanarese. <foreign>Kānasoppu</foreign> may therefore be a tax on the foliage of the forest used by the cultivators for manure and other purposes. In Tamil <foreign>vāral</foreign> means spoil [fn. 2: I am indebted for this suggestion to Rao Bahadur R. Narasimhachar.]; and it is not unlikely that it had the same connotation in Kanarese. The words <foreign>karsa-piṇḍam</foreign> [fn. 3: Since <foreign>karsa-piṇḍam</foreign> is specified as 128 it appears to me that it denotes the gift of a lump sum (<foreign>piṇḍa</foreign>). If 80, <foreign>karsa</foreign> may be taken to be the <foreign>tadbhava</foreign> of the Sanskrit word <foreign>karṣa</foreign> (<foreign>kārṣāpaṇa</foreign>). <foreign>Karsapiṇḍam</foreign> would then mean the <foreign>kārṣāpaṇa</foreign>s paid in a lump unlike the taxes noted above, of which the donee was to receive a half. This explanation seems to gain strength by the use of a somewhat similar expression in an inscription, of the 11th year of the Cāḷukya king Pratāpacakravarti Jagadekamalla II (No. 503 of the Madras Epigraphical Colleotion for 1915); the passage runs as: <foreign>tanna tohiya manneyavaṃ kāṇikey-aya-dāya sarvv-āya-śuddhi varṣaṃ-prati hanneraḍu gadyāṇama piṇḍ-ādānvāgi oḍambaṭṭu dhārā-pūrvvakaṃ māḍi koṭṭa</foreign>. Here the twelve <foreign>gadyāṇa</foreign>s (gold coin) were granted as a lump sum] and <foreign>koṃbe-gāroḍam</foreign> are obscure and do not occur in any of the Kanarese inscriptions so far published.</quote></p>
·</div>
·
265<div type="bibliography">
·
· <p>Reported in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1956-1957"/></bibl> (ARIE/1956-1957/A/1956-1957/72).</p>
·
· <p>Edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:LakshminarayanRao1931-1932_03"/></bibl>, with facsimiles (EI 21.29) and corrigenda (EI 21, p. vii); re-edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Subrahmanian1966_01"/></bibl>; text and summary in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"/></bibl> (IP 258); text and French translation in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Brocquet1997_01"/></bibl> (B 72).</p>
270 <p>Edited and translated here by Emmanuel Francis & Samana Gururaja (2024), based on <bibl><ptr target="bib:LakshminarayanRao1931-1932_03"/></bibl> and the published visual documentation therein.</p>
·
· <listBibl type="primary">
·
· <bibl n="EI">
275 <ptr target="bib:LakshminarayanRao1931-1932_03"/>
· <citedRange unit="plate">unnumbered (pasted between pp. 178 and 179)</citedRange>
· </bibl>
·
· <bibl n="TNS">
280 <ptr target="bib:Subrahmanian1966_01"/>
· <citedRange unit="page">397-402</citedRange>
· </bibl>
·
· <bibl n="IP">
285 <ptr target="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"/>
· <citedRange unit="item">258</citedRange>
· <citedRange unit="page">636-638</citedRange>
· </bibl>
·
290 <bibl n="B">
· <ptr target="bib:Brocquet1997_01"/>
· <citedRange unit="page">784-785</citedRange>
· <citedRange unit="item">72</citedRange>
· </bibl>
295
· </listBibl>
·
· <listBibl type="secondary">
· <bibl>
300 <ptr target="bib:ARIE1956-1957"/>
· <citedRange unit="page">35</citedRange>
· <citedRange unit="appendix">A/1956-1957</citedRange>
· <citedRange unit="item">72</citedRange>
· </bibl>
305 </listBibl>
·</div>
·</body>
· </text>
·</TEI>
Commentary
On the taxes or incomes donated, see Lakshminarayan Rao [1956] 1931–1932, p. 176: “The significance of certain incomes, the halves of which were granted to the donee, viz., koḷaguppe, peḻjavasi, kānasoppu and vāral is not quite clear. I may suggest, however that koḷaguppe may denote a heap (kuppe) made up of the share due to the state on every koḷa (a measure of capacity) of the produce. Javasi may mean a tax in kind on javasa (Skt. yavasa) meaning meadow grass; peḻjavasi would then be a tax levied on big (meadows of) straw. Kāna or kān means forest and soppu means foliage in Kanarese. Kānasoppu may therefore be a tax on the foliage of the forest used by the cultivators for manure and other purposes. In Tamil vāral means spoil [fn. 2: I am indebted for this suggestion to Rao Bahadur R. Narasimhachar.]; and it is not unlikely that it had the same connotation in Kanarese. The words karsa-piṇḍam [fn. 3: Since karsa-piṇḍam is specified as 128 it appears to me that it denotes the gift of a lump sum (piṇḍa). If 80, karsa may be taken to be the tadbhava of the Sanskrit word karṣa (kārṣāpaṇa). Karsapiṇḍam would then mean the kārṣāpaṇas paid in a lump unlike the taxes noted above, of which the donee was to receive a half. This explanation seems to gain strength by the use of a somewhat similar expression in an inscription, of the 11th year of the Cāḷukya king Pratāpacakravarti Jagadekamalla II (No. 503 of the Madras Epigraphical Colleotion for 1915); the passage runs as: tanna tohiya manneyavaṃ kāṇikey-aya-dāya sarvv-āya-śuddhi varṣaṃ-prati hanneraḍu gadyāṇama piṇḍ-ādānvāgi oḍambaṭṭu dhārā-pūrvvakaṃ māḍi koṭṭa. Here the twelve gadyāṇas (gold coin) were granted as a lump sum] and koṃbe-gāroḍam are obscure and do not occur in any of the Kanarese inscriptions so far published.”