Charter of Watu Kura I

Editors: Arlo Griffiths, Wayan Jarrah Sastrawan, Marine Schoettel.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSIDENKWatuKuraI.

Language: Old Javanese.

Repository: Nusantara Epigraphy (tfc-nusantara-epigraphy).

Version: 2024-09-13 03:14 (45be57c), last modified 2024-07-20 13:58 (f510d28).

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⟨Page 1v⟩

⟨1v1⟩ ||◯|| svasti śaka-varṣātīta, 824, śravaṇa-māsa, tithi, pañcadaśi śukla-pakṣa, pā, pa, Aṁ, vāra, ⟨1v2⟩ maḍaṅkuṅan·, saptakāraṇa-viṣṭi, pūrvvăṣāḍhā-nakṣatra, śiva-yoga,

tatkāla mahārāja rake vatu kura⌇ ⟨1v3⟩ dyaḥ balituṁ, śrī Ĭśvarakeśavotsavatuṅga, maveḥ panīma, mā, kā 1, I rāmanta I vatu kura, parṇnaḥ ⟨1v4⟩ dharmma paṅasthūlan· ri sira, Aṅkən· pūrṇnamaniṁ bhadravāda, kabhaktyana de rāmanta I vatu kura,

kunəṁ Ikaṁ sava⟨1v5⟩ḥ, gagā, R̥ṇək·, kəbuAn·, ya tikāmijilakna pirak·, mā 1, Iṁ sarahi, duvan· babadan·, mā 3, ⟨Page 2r⟩ ⟨2r1⟩ I mata panas·, mā, sū 1, mā 4, payaman·, mā, sū 1, mā 4, buhara suvul·, mā 5, buhara Uṇḍuḥ, mā 3(,) ⟨2r2⟩ buhara tṅaḥ, mā 5, buhara hoya, mā 5, buhara paṅanten·, mā 2, bareṁ, mā 10, muAṁ paṅrāga ska⟨2r3⟩r·, mā, ku 2, bras·, ku 1, riṁ salavaṁ, muvaḥ mā, ku 1, bras·, ku 1, riṁ salavaṁ, kāryya panaman· pūrṇnamaniṁ ⌇ ⟨2r4⟩ jyeṣṭa, muvaḥ mā, ku 1, bras·, ku 1, riṁ salavaṁ, pūrṇnamaniṁ cetra,

muAṅ ikaṁ ravi galuḥ I babadan·, ⟨2r5⟩ maveḥ timba-timban·, ḍulaṅan·, Akṣeṇya I bhaṭāra dharmma, muAṁ buka-kuṇḍur·, pakna pamūjā rāma⟨Page 2v⟩⟨left: 2⟩⟨2v1⟩nta I bhaṭāra dharmma, śeṣanya, maraha I saṅ karmmanya, mamūjā, Upakalpa, devakarmma, Anapū, devadāsa, ⟨2v2⟩ pasiṅhir·, sahana saṅ karmma kummit bhaṭāra makadr̥vya ya,

muAṁ gavay bhūṣaṇa de rāmanta, bāhurākṣa, kira⟨2v3⟩t-bāhu, buka-śrī, pakna ri bhaṭāra dharmma, muAṁ paṅguhaniṁ tahil·, sū 3, mā 14, ku 2, mijil· riṅ aśuji-māsa, ⟨2v4⟩ muvaḥ sū 3, mā 14, ku 2, mijil· riṁ cetra,

rāma Irikaṁ kāla, tumarima Ikaṁ mās· panīma, vinkas· saṁ ⌇ ⟨2v5⟩ druma rāmani viddha, tuha kalaṁ saṁ jāti rāmani santa, gusti saṁ jātuka rāmani śruta, parujar· si dhari si dūta, va⟨Page 3r⟩⟨3r1⟩riga si teja, dāridra, rāmā{na} marata saṁ gariyan· saṁ subhara saṁ vindava, nāhan· kveḥni rāmanta I vatu ku⟨3r2⟩ra, tumarima Ikanāṁ mās· panīma saṅke haji, muAṁ milu sumusuk· Ikanāṁ dharmma, Ika ta kabeḥ kapva byapā⟨3r3⟩ra I bhaṭāra dharmma I vatu kura,

ya tika tan katamana de saṁ maṅilala dr̥vya haji, mīśra para mīśra, vulu-vulu ⟨3r4⟩ prakāra, kriṁ, paḍəm apuy·, kula pamgət·, vadihati, makudur·, tavan·, kula paṅkur·, pagaran·, kavur hyaṁ, ⟨3r5⟩ taji, tapa haji, Air haji, malandaṁ, lca, lab-lab·, manimpiki, tuhālup·, tuha dagaṁ, maṁguñjai, maṁrumbai, ⌇⟨Page 3v⟩⟨left: 3⟩ ⟨3v1⟩ vatu tajəm·, salvit·, pakalaṅkaṁ, guñjan·, tuṇḍan·, salaran·, piniṅlai, kataṅgaran·, pamr̥ṣi, hulu⌇⟨3v2⟩n haji, paranakan·, rāma jātaka, vihǎrasvǎmi, parmmasan·, pamasaṁ, Avuran·, Urutan·, ḍampulan·, sikpa⟨3v3⟩n·, puluṁ paḍi, mapaḍahi, valyan·, vidu maṅiduṁ, kecaka, tarimba, tapukan·, mabika, vargga I daL̥m·, ⟨3v4⟩ paṇḍe mās·, tāmra, kaṅsa, vsi, ḍaḍap·, Amaraṅgi, Uṇḍahagi, Atviḥ, Amahat·, Amanantən·, Aṅu⌈⟨3v5⟩ge, Agiliṅan·, Aṅulaṁ, joroṁ, kuñjalan·, tətəpan·, Ityevamādi, pāt· Ika lvirnya, muvaḥ vnaṁ sama

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⟨Page 5r⟩ ⟨5r1⟩ babadan·, mata panas·, payaman·, buhara suvul·, buhara Uṇḍuḥ, buhara tṅaḥ, buhara hoya, buhara pa⟨5r2⟩ṅanten·, bareṁ, vatək antulan·, I dharmma hajī vatu kura,

tumŭt krama saṁ haneṁ kon· patiḥ vahuta rāma ka⌇ ⟨5r3⟩ bayan·, muAṁ rāma tpi siriṁ kabeḥ, matuha manvām· laki-laki vadvan· kaniṣṭa-maddhyamottama, kapva ma⌇ ⟨5r4⟩ naḍaḥ tan hana kantuna rīṅ irusan· kla-kla Ambəl-ambəl·, kasyan·, lət-lət·, bhaṇḍa kaṇḍi paliḍva parisukha ⌇ ⟨5r5⟩ saṅ amaṅan·, tahulan vagalan· haryyas· kuluban· suṇḍa rumbaḥ Ityevamādi, tan hana kakuraṁ, maṅka⟨Page 5v⟩⟨left: 5⟩⟨5v1⟩na taṁ haraṁ-haraṁ, ḍeṁ kakap·, kaḍivas·, taṅiri, hnus·, huraṁ, biluṁluṁ prakāra, paripūrṇna Ikā kabeḥ, muAṁ ⌇ ⟨5v2⟩ pāṇa siddhu mastava kiñca kilaṁ tvak· paripūrṇna Ikā kabeḥ, mataṅ yan· tan parāryyan· saṁ manaḍahakən tahapa⟨5v3⟩n·, mata⟦ṁ⟧ṅ yan vijaḥ sira kabeḥ,

muAṁ men-men·, si p⟦i⟧⟨⟨a⟩⟩tiṅhalan·, mabañol·, si pati bañcil·, muAṁ si bari ⟨5v4⟩ pacəḥ, Atapukan·, si giraṁ hyasən·, matəkapakən sira kabeḥ, dinmakan· kupaṁ, 2, sovaṁ-sovaṁ,

I tlasnira ka⟨5v5⟩beḥ manaḍaḥ, maṅḍiri saṁ makudur vadihati patiḥ pramukha, kapu⟨A⟩ manəmbaḥ I sārah-araḥ śrī mahārāja, muAṁ ra⌇

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⟨Page 7r⟩ ⟨7r1⟩ tiṅkaḥ samya hajī vatu kura, ||◯||, Iṁ śaka, 1270, Ăṣāḍhā-māsa, tīthi, Ekădaśi śukla-pakṣa, pā, va, ⟨7r2⟩ ca, vāra, juluṁ, ||◯||°°,

⟨Page 1v⟩

⟨1v1⟩ ||◯|| svasti śaka-varṣātīta, 824, śravaṇa-māsa, tithi, pañcadaśi śukla-pakṣa, pā, pa, Aṁ, vāra,

⟨1v2⟩ maḍaṅkuṅan·, saptakāraṇa-viṣṭi, pūrvvăṣāḍhā-nakṣatra, śiva-yoga, tatkāla mahārāja rake vatu kura⌇

⟨1v3⟩ dyaḥ balituṁ, śrī Ĭśvarakeśavotsavatuṅga, maveḥ panīma, mā, kā 1, I rāmanta I vatu kura, parṇnaḥ

⟨1v4⟩ dharmma paṅasthūlan· ri sira, Aṅkən· pūrṇnamaniṁ bhadravāda, kabhaktyana de rāmanta I vatu kura, kunəṁ Ikaṁ sava-

⟨1v5⟩ ḥ, gagā, R̥ṇək·, kəbuAn·, ya tikāmijilakna pirak·, mā 1, Iṁ sarahi, duvan· babadan·, mā 3,

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⟨2r1⟩ I mata panas·, mā, sū 1, mā 4, payaman·, mā, sū 1, mā 4, buhara suvul·, mā 5, buhara Uṇḍuḥ, mā 3(,)

⟨2r2⟩ buhara tṅaḥ, mā 5, buhara hoya, mā 5, buhara paṅanten·, mā 2, bareṁ, mā 10, muAṁ paṅrāga ska-

⟨2r3⟩ r·, mā, ku 2, bras·, ku 1, riṁ salavaṁ, muvaḥ mā, ku 1, bras·, ku 1, riṁ salavaṁ, kāryya panaman· pūrṇnamaniṁ ⌇

⟨2r4⟩ jyeṣṭa, muvaḥ mā, ku 1, bras·, ku 1, riṁ salavaṁ, pūrṇnamaniṁ cetra, muAṅ ikaṁ ravi galuḥ I babadan·,

⟨2r5⟩ maveḥ timba-timban·, ḍulaṅan·, Akṣeṇya I bhaṭāra dharmma, muAṁ buka-kuṇḍur·, pakna pamūjā rāma-

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⟨2v1⟩ nta I bhaṭāra dharmma, śeṣanya, maraha I saṅ karmmanya, mamūjā, Upakalpa, devakarmma, Anapū, devadāsa,

⟨2v2⟩ pasiṅhir·, sahana saṅ karmma kummit bhaṭāra makadr̥vya ya, muAṁ gavay bhūṣaṇa de rāmanta, bāhurākṣa, kira-

⟨2v3⟩ t-bāhu, buka-śrī, pakna ri bhaṭāra dharmma, muAṁ paṅguhaniṁ tahil·, sū 3, mā 14, ku 2, mijil· riṅ aśuji-māsa,

⟨2v4⟩ muvaḥ sū 3, mā 14, ku 2, mijil· riṁ cetra, rāma Irikaṁ kāla, tumarima Ikaṁ mās· panīma, vinkas· saṁ ⌇

⟨2v5⟩ druma rāmani viddha, tuha kalaṁ saṁ jāti rāmani santa, gusti saṁ jātuka rāmani śruta, parujar· si dhari si dūta, va-

⟨Page 3r⟩

⟨3r1⟩ riga si teja, dāridra, rāmā{na} marata saṁ gariyan· saṁ subhara saṁ vindava, nāhan· kveḥni rāmanta I vatu ku-

⟨3r2⟩ ra, tumarima Ikanāṁ mās· panīma saṅke haji, muAṁ milu sumusuk· Ikanāṁ dharmma, Ika ta kabeḥ kapva byapā-

⟨3r3⟩ ra I bhaṭāra dharmma I vatu kura, ya tika tan katamana de saṁ maṅilala dr̥vya haji, mīśra para mīśra, vulu-vulu

⟨3r4⟩ prakāra, kriṁ, paḍəm apuy·, kula pamgət·, vadihati, makudur·, tavan·, kula paṅkur·, pagaran·, kavur hyaṁ,

⟨3r5⟩ taji, tapa haji, Air haji, malandaṁ, lca, lab-lab·, manimpiki, tuhālup·, tuha dagaṁ, maṁguñjai, maṁrumbai, ⌇

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⟨3v1⟩ vatu tajəm·, salvit·, pakalaṅkaṁ, guñjan·, tuṇḍan·, salaran·, piniṅlai, kataṅgaran·, pamr̥ṣi, hulu⌇-

⟨3v2⟩ n haji, paranakan·, rāma jātaka, vihǎrasvǎmi, parmmasan·, pamasaṁ, Avuran·, Urutan·, ḍampulan·, sikpa-

⟨3v3⟩ n·, puluṁ paḍi, mapaḍahi, valyan·, vidu maṅiduṁ, kecaka, tarimba, tapukan·, mabika, vargga I daL̥m·,

⟨3v4⟩ paṇḍe mās·, tāmra, kaṅsa, vsi, ḍaḍap·, Amaraṅgi, Uṇḍahagi, Atviḥ, Amahat·, Amanantən·, Aṅu⌈-

⟨3v5⟩ ge, Agiliṅan·, Aṅulaṁ, joroṁ, kuñjalan·, tətəpan·, Ityevamādi, pāt· Ika lvirnya, muvaḥ vnaṁ sama

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⟨5r1⟩ babadan·, mata panas·, payaman·, buhara suvul·, buhara Uṇḍuḥ, buhara tṅaḥ, buhara hoya, buhara pa-

⟨5r2⟩ ṅanten·, bareṁ, vatək antulan·, I dharmma hajī vatu kura, tumŭt krama saṁ haneṁ kon· patiḥ vahuta rāma ka⌇

⟨5r3⟩ bayan·, muAṁ rāma tpi siriṁ kabeḥ, matuha manvām· laki-laki vadvan· kaniṣṭa-maddhyamottama, kapva ma⌇

⟨5r4⟩ naḍaḥ tan hana kantuna rīṅ irusan· kla-kla Ambəl-ambəl·, kasyan·, lət-lət·, bhaṇḍa kaṇḍi paliḍva parisukha ⌇

⟨5r5⟩ saṅ amaṅan·, tahulan vagalan· haryyas· kuluban· suṇḍa rumbaḥ Ityevamādi, tan hana kakuraṁ, maṅka-

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⟨5v1⟩ na taṁ haraṁ-haraṁ, ḍeṁ kakap·, kaḍivas·, taṅiri, hnus·, huraṁ, biluṁluṁ prakāra, paripūrṇna Ikā kabeḥ, muAṁ ⌇

⟨5v2⟩ pāṇa siddhu mastava kiñca kilaṁ tvak· paripūrṇna Ikā kabeḥ, mataṅ yan· tan parāryyan· saṁ manaḍahakən tahapa-

⟨5v3⟩ n·, mata⟦ṁ⟧ṅ yan vijaḥ sira kabeḥ, muAṁ men-men·, si p⟦i⟧⟨⟨a⟩⟩tiṅhalan·, mabañol·, si pati bañcil·, muAṁ si bari

⟨5v4⟩ pacəḥ, Atapukan·, si giraṁ hyasən·, matəkapakən sira kabeḥ, dinmakan· kupaṁ, 2, sovaṁ-sovaṁ, I tlasnira ka-

⟨5v5⟩ beḥ manaḍaḥ, maṅḍiri saṁ makudur vadihati patiḥ pramukha, kapu⟨A⟩ manəmbaḥ I sārah-araḥ śrī mahārāja, muAṁ ra⌇

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⟨7r1⟩ tiṅkaḥ samya hajī vatu kura, ||◯||, Iṁ śaka, 1270, Ăṣāḍhā-māsa, tīthi, Ekădaśi śukla-pakṣa, pā, va,

⟨7r2⟩ ca, vāra, juluṁ, ||◯||°°,

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I tlasnira ka⟨5v5⟩beḥ manaḍaḥ, maṅḍiri saṁ makudur vadihati patiḥ pramukha, kapu⟨A⟩ manəmbaḥ I sārah-araḥ śrī mahārāja, muAṁ ra⌇

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⟨Page 7r⟩ ⟨7r1⟩ tiṅkaḥ samya hajī vatu kura, ||◯||, Iṁ śaka, 1270, Ăṣāḍhā-māsa, tīthi, Ekădaśi śukla-pakṣa, pā, va, ⟨7r2⟩ ca, vāra, juluṁ, ||◯||°°,

Apparatus

⟨5v1⟩ kabeḥ, muAṁ ⌇ ⬦ kabeḥ, vN • The last word is omitted by van Naerssen 1977 (and was so also in van Naerssen 1941).

Translation by van Naerssen 1977

(1v1–2) Hail! Elapsed Śaka year 824, month of Śravaṇa, fifteenth tithi of the waxing fortnight, Paniron, Pahiṅ‚ Tuesday, [in the vuku] Maḍaṅkuṅan, seventh karaṇa, the lunar mansion (nakṣatra) Pūrvasādha, the conjunction (yoga) Śiva.

(1v2–4) That was the time when the Great King, Lord of (rake) Vatu Kura, dyah Balitung, Śrī Īśvarakeśavotsavatuṅga, bestowed upon the village elders of Vatu Kura a demarcation fee of 1 kaṭi of gold for the place of his (i.e. Balitung’s) ancestral foundation (dharma paṅasthūlan). It is to be worshipped by the village elders of Vatu Kura every full moon of the month of Bhādrapada.

(1v4–2r2) In addition, the irrigated rice fields, the dry rice fields, the wet rice fields and the gardens are to contribute the sum of 1 māṣa in silver per head. The community (duvan) of Babadan is to contribute 3 māṣas (of silver).

[The village] of Mata Panas: 1 suvarṇa 4 māṣas of gold,
Payaman: 1 suvarṇa 4 māṣas of gold,
Buhara Suvul: 5 māṣas,
Buhara Uṇḍuh: 3 māṣas,
Buhara Təṅah: 5 māṣas,
Buhara Hoya: 5māṣas,
Buhara Paṅanten: 2 māṣas,
Bareṅ: 10 māṣas.

(2r2–4) Moreover the floral-tribute (lit. making of flower baskets) [to be paid shall be] 2 kupaṅs of gold and 1 kupaṅ of uncooked rice per household (lit. “per door”), plus 1 kupaṅ of gold and 1 kupaṅ of rice per household for the Panaman festival at the full moon (in the month) of Jyaiṣṭha, plus 1 kupaṅ of gold and 1 kupaṅ of uncooked rice per household on the day of the full moon (in the month) of Caitra.

(2r4–2v2) Moreover the ravi galuh (the jewel-radiant sun?) of Babadan is to give wooden buckets, trays, the akṣenya of the deity of the foundation, plus head ornaments. These constitute the offerings of the village elders to the deity of the foundation. The remains (of the offerings) shall go to those who take part in the work: those who officiate at the offerings, the officiants (upakalpa), the masters of divine works (devakarma), those who sweep (the temple ground), the servants of the god, the pasinghir; all those who take part in the work of guarding the deity have them (the remains) as their property.

(2v2) Moreover, let festive garments be made by the village elders: rings for the upper arm and the forearm and ornaments provided with the Śrī symbol, for the use of the deity of the foundation. […]...

Commentary

This inscription is a 14th-century copy (1270 Śaka = 1348 CE) of a Balitung-era charter of 824 Śaka (902 CE). It likely went through several rounds of copying. The earlier date of 824 Śaka is severely corrupted, as explained by Damais: “II s’agit d’une copie faite en 1270 śaka (voir Watukura B, Liste A. 18 5) et il doit y avoir une erreur dans les données car celles-ci sont irréductibles sans correction” (1955: 194). According to van Naerssen: “Some anachronisms found in the text show beyond doubt that the copyist of the Çaka year 1270 did not have the original charter of the Çaka year 824 at his disposal, but had to copy a document made at the time of King Wawa or King Sindok (about the middle of the tenth century).” We find several instances of phraseology that are typical of the Sindok period (929–951 CE):

Van Naerssen 1941: 104 writes that ““De aanvangswoorden van de pericope waarin de lijst der maṅilala dṛvya haji wordt ingeleid, is gelijk aan die der oorkonden uit Wawa’s en Siṇḍok’s tijd (cf. de Inleiding blz. 12).”” The reference to p. 12 makes clear that he meant the occurrence of the words mīśra para mīśra, vulu-vulu prakāra in 3r3–4.
The passage from 5r2 onwards has extensive parallels in several Sindok inscriptions.
5v5 kapu⟨A⟩ manəmbaḥ I sārah-araḥ, śrī mahārāja: these words find parallels only in the inscriptions of Sindok, viz. Sangguran B45 manambaḥ humarap· I sārah-araḥniṁ kahanān· śrī mahărāja; Alasantan 4.16–17 Anambaḥ humarap· I sārah-araḥ śrī mahārāja; and Paradah II 95–96 kapuA manambaḥ humaR̥p i sārah-araḥniṁ kahanān śrī mahārāja
Cf. also the occurrence of samgət Laṅka in Watukura II, 3v2.

(1v3) panīma: see other instances of payment of a demarcation fee?

(1v4) dharmma paṅasthūlan: is this Balitung’s deification temple?

(2r5) Akṣeṇya: a hapax of unknown meaning, found neither in OJED nor in Sanskrit dictionaries

(3r5) tuhālupCf. Kalimusan r3 for the same term. Compare the present list of functions (maṅilala) with that of Kalimusan. The list of the Watu Kura I inscription includes insertions of new terms (?).

(5r2) tumŭt krama saṁ haneṁ: The passage of several lines from tumŭt krama onwards has a lose parallel in several inscriptions of Sindok.

Bibliography

The verso of plate 1 was first edited by J.L.A. Brandes 1913, together with the verso side of plate 3 of Watukura II, on the basis of a rubbing.¹ All of the known plates were edited, with translation into Dutch, by F. H. van Naerssen in his dissertation (1941). This edition was later reproduced, almost identically, with an English translation taking the place of the Dutch (van Naerssen 1977). This second publication by van Naerssen is furnished with excellent illlustrations. The text is re-edited by Arlo Griffiths, Wayan Jarrah Sastrawan & Marine Schoettel based on photographs of the plates.

Primary

Brandes, Jan Laurens Andries and Nicolaas Johannes Krom. 1913. Oud-Javaansche Oorkonden: Nagelaten transcripties. Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen 60 (parts 1 and 2). Batavia; 's-Hage: Albrecht; Nijhoff. [URL]. Pages 31–32, item XXIV.

van Naerssen, Frits Herman. 1941. “Oudjavaansche oorkonden in Duitsche en Deensche verzamelingen.” PhD thesis. Leiden. Pages 82–101, item VIII.

[vN] van Naerssen, Frits Herman. 1977. “Old Javanese charters re-edited and translated.” In: Catalogue of Indonesian manuscripts: Old Javanese charters, Javanese, Malay and Lampung manuscripts, Mads Lange's Balinese letters, and official letters in Indonesian languages. By Frits Herman van Naerssen, Theodoor Pigeaud and Petrus Voorhoeve. Catalogue of oriental manuscripts, xylographs, etc. in Danish collections v. 4, pt. 2. Copenhagen: Royal Library, pp. 51–64. Pages 58–61, plates 1-8.

Secondary

NBG 1898. Notulen van de Algemeene en Bestuurs-vergaderingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen: Deel XXXVI — 1898. Batavia: Albrecht & Co., 1898. Pages 88–89, item 11.

Knebel, J. 1910. “Beschrijving van de Hindoe-oudheden in de afdeeling Blitar (Residentie Kediri) 1908.” ROC (Bijlage 42), pp. 29–177. Page 56.

Krom, Nicolaas Johannes. 1911. “Gedateerde inscripties van Java.” TBG 53, pp. 229–268. Page 244.

Damais, Louis-Charles. 1952. “Études d’épigraphie indonésienne, III: Liste des principales inscriptions datées de l’Indonesie.” BEFEO 46 (1), pp. 1–105. DOI: 10.3406/befeo.1952.5158. [URL]. Pages 44–45, part A, item 71.

Damais, Louis-Charles. 1955. “Études d’épigraphie indonésienne, IV: Discussion de la date des inscriptions.” BEFEO 47, pp. 7–290. DOI: 10.3406/befeo.1955.5406. [URL]. Pages 192–193.

Damais, Louis-Charles. 1970. Répertoire onomastique de l'épigraphie javanaise (jusqu'à Pu Siṇḍok Śrī Īśānawikrama Dharmmotuṅgadewa): Étude d'épigraphie indonésienne. Publications de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient 66. Paris: École française d'Extrême-Orient. Page 51, item 122.

Sarkar, Himansu Bhusan. 1971-1972. Corpus of the inscriptions of Java (Corpus inscriptionum Javanicarum), up to 928 A. D. 2 vols. Calcutta: K.L. Mukhopadhyay. Volume II, pages 21–23, item LXIII.

Nakada, Kōzō. 1982. An inventory of the dated inscriptions in Java. Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko 40. Tokyo: Toyo Bunko. Pages 92–93, part 1, item 83.

Notes

1. This combined edition of two plates not belonging to the same charter was later reproduced, with addition of a translation into English, by H. B. Sarkar (1971-1972), who apparently did not realize that the two plates do not belong together.

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<pb n="1v"/><lb n="1v1"/><g type="ddandaOrnate">.</g><g type="circleCurve">.</g><g type="ddandaCross">.</g> svasti śaka-varṣātīta, <num value="824">824</num>, śravaṇa-māsa, tithi, <num value="15">pañcadaśi</num> śukla-pakṣa, <abbr>pā</abbr>, <abbr>pa</abbr>, <abbr>Aṁ</abbr>, vāra,

<lb n="1v2"/>maḍaṅkuṅan·, saptakāraṇa-viṣṭi, pūrvvăṣāḍhā-nakṣatra, śiva-yoga,

tatkāla mahārāja <abbr>rake</abbr> vatu kura<g type="squiggleVertical">.</g>

<lb n="1v3"/>dyaḥ balituṁ, śrī Ĭśvarakeśavotsavatuṅga, maveḥ panīma, <abbr>mā</abbr>, <abbr>kā</abbr> <num value="1">1</num>, I rāmanta I vatu kura, parṇnaḥ

<lb n="1v4"/>dharmma paṅasthūlan· ri sira, Aṅkən· pūrṇnamaniṁ bhadravāda, kabhaktyana de rāmanta I vatu kura,

kunəṁ Ikaṁ sava<lb n="1v5" break="no"/>ḥ, gagā, R̥ṇək·, kəbuAn·, ya tikāmijilakna pirak·, <abbr>mā</abbr> <num value="1">1</num>, Iṁ sarahi, duvan· babadan·, <abbr>mā</abbr> <num value="3">3</num>,

<pb n="2r"/><lb n="2r1"/>I mata panas·, <abbr>mā</abbr>, <abbr>sū</abbr> <num value="1">1</num>, <abbr>mā</abbr> <num value="4">4</num>, payaman·, <abbr>mā</abbr>, <abbr>sū</abbr> <num value="1">1</num>, <abbr>mā</abbr> <num value="4">4</num>, buhara suvul·, <abbr>mā</abbr> <num value="5">5</num>, buhara Uṇḍuḥ, <abbr>mā</abbr> 3<unclear>,</unclear>

<lb n="2r2"/>buhara tṅaḥ, <abbr>mā</abbr> <num value="5">5</num>, buhara hoya, <abbr>mā</abbr> <num value="5">5</num>, buhara paṅanten·, <abbr>mā</abbr> <num value="2">2</num>, bareṁ, <abbr>mā</abbr> <num value="10">10</num>, muAṁ paṅrāga ska<lb n="2r3" break="no"/>r·, <abbr>mā</abbr>, <abbr>ku</abbr> <num value="2">2</num>, bras·, <abbr>ku</abbr> <num value="1">1</num>, riṁ salavaṁ, muvaḥ <abbr>mā</abbr>, <abbr>ku</abbr> <num value="1">1</num>, bras·, <abbr>ku</abbr> <num value="1">1</num>, riṁ salavaṁ, kāryya panaman· pūrṇnamaniṁ <g type="squiggleVertical">.</g>

<lb n="2r4"/>jyeṣṭa, muvaḥ <abbr>mā</abbr>, <abbr>ku</abbr> <num value="1">1</num>, bras·, <abbr>ku</abbr> <num value="1">1</num>, riṁ salavaṁ, pūrṇnamaniṁ cetra, muAṅ ikaṁ ravi galuḥ I babadan·,

<lb n="2r5"/>maveḥ timba-timban·, ḍulaṅan·, Akṣeṇya I bhaṭāra dharmma, muAṁ buka-kuṇḍur·, pakna pamūjā rāma<pb n="2v" break="no"/>

<fw n="2v" place="left" rend="tb-rotated"><num value="2">2</num></fw><lb n="2v1" break="no"/>nta I bhaṭāra dharmma, śeṣanya, maraha I saṅ karmmanya, mamūjā, Upakalpa, devakarmma, Anapū, devadāsa,

<lb n="2v2"/>pasiṅhir·, sahana saṅ karmma kummit bhaṭāra makadr̥vya ya, muAṁ gavay bhūṣaṇa de rāmanta, bāhurākṣa, kira<lb n="2v3" break="no"/>t-bāhu, buka-śrī, pakna ri bhaṭāra dharmma, muAṁ paṅguhaniṁ tahil·, <abbr>sū</abbr> <num value="3">3</num>, <abbr>mā</abbr> <num value="14">14</num>, <abbr>ku</abbr> <num value="2">2</num>, mijil· riṅ aśuji-māsa,

<lb n="2v4"/>muvaḥ <abbr>sū</abbr> <num value="3">3</num>, <abbr>mā</abbr> <num value="14">14</num>, <abbr>ku</abbr> <num value="2">2</num>, mijil· riṁ cetra, rāma Irikaṁ kāla, tumarima Ikaṁ mās· panīma, vinkas· saṁ <g type="squiggleVertical">.</g>

<lb n="2v5"/>druma rāmani viddha, tuha kalaṁ saṁ jāti rāmani santa, gusti saṁ jātuka rāmani śruta, parujar· si dhari si dūta, va<pb n="3r" break="no"/><lb n="3r1" break="no"/>riga si teja, dāridra, rāmā<surplus>na</surplus> marata saṁ gariyan· saṁ subhara saṁ vindava, nāhan· kveḥni rāmanta I vatu ku<lb n="3r2" break="no"/>ra, tumarima Ikanāṁ mās· panīma saṅke haji, muAṁ milu sumusuk· Ikanāṁ dharmma, Ika ta kabeḥ kapva byapā<lb n="3r3" break="no"/>ra I bhaṭāra dharmma I vatu kura, ya tika tan katamana de saṁ maṅilala dr̥vya haji, mīśra para mīśra, vulu-vulu

<lb n="3r4"/>prakāra, kriṁ, paḍəm apuy·, kula pamgət·, vadihati, makudur·, tavan·, kula paṅkur·, pagaran·, kavur hyaṁ,

<lb n="3r5"/>taji, tapa haji, Air haji, malandaṁ, lca, lab-lab·, manimpiki, tuhālup·, tuha dagaṁ, maṁguñjai, maṁrumbai, <g type="squiggleVertical">.</g><pb n="3v"/>

<fw n="3v" place="left" rend="tb-rotated"><num value="3">3</num></fw><lb n="3v1"/>vatu tajəm·, salvit·, pakalaṅkaṁ, guñjan·, tuṇḍan·, salaran·, piniṅlai, kataṅgaran·, pamr̥ṣi, hulu<g type="squiggleVertical">.</g><lb n="3v2" break="no"/>n haji, paranakan·, rāma jātaka, vihǎrasvǎmi, parmmasan·, pamasaṁ, Avuran·, Urutan·, ḍampulan·, sikpa<lb n="3v3" break="no"/>n·, puluṁ paḍi, mapaḍahi, valyan·, vidu maṅiduṁ, kecaka, tarimba, tapukan·, mabika, vargga I daL̥m·,

<lb n="3v4"/>paṇḍe mās·, tāmra, kaṅsa, vsi, ḍaḍap·, Amaraṅgi, Uṇḍahagi, Atviḥ, Amahat·, Amanantən·, Aṅu⌈<lb n="3v5" break="no"/>ge, Agiliṅan·, Aṅulaṁ, joroṁ, kuñjalan·, tətəpan·, Ityevamādi, pāt· Ika lvirnya, muvaḥ vnaṁ sama

<pb n="5r"/><lb n="5r1"/>babadan·, mata panas·, payaman·, buhara suvul·, buhara Uṇḍuḥ, buhara tṅaḥ, buhara hoya, buhara pa<lb n="5r2" break="no"/>ṅanten·, bareṁ, vatək antulan·, I dharmma hajī vatu kura,

tumŭt krama saṁ haneṁ kon· patiḥ vahuta rāma ka<g type="squiggleVertical">.</g><lb n="5r3"/>bayan·, muAṁ rāma tpi siriṁ kabeḥ, matuha manvām· laki-laki vadvan· kaniṣṭa-maddhyamottama, kapva ma<g type="squiggleVertical">.</g><lb n="5r4"/>naḍaḥ tan hana kantuna rīṅ irusan· kla-kla Ambəl-ambəl·, kasyan·, lət-lət·, bhaṇḍa kaṇḍi paliḍva parisukha <g type="squiggleVertical">.</g>

<lb n="5r5"/>saṅ amaṅan·, tahulan vagalan· haryyas· kuluban· suṇḍa rumbaḥ Ityevamādi, tan hana kakuraṁ, maṅka<pb n="5v" break="no"/><fw n="5v" place="left" rend="tb-rotated"><num value="5">5</num></fw><lb n="5v1" break="no"/>na taṁ haraṁ-haraṁ, ḍeṁ kakap·, kaḍivas·, taṅiri, hnus·, huraṁ, biluṁluṁ prakāra, paripūrṇna Ikā kabeḥ, muAṁ <g type="squiggleVertical">.</g>

<lb n="5v2"/>pāṇa siddhu mastava kiñca kilaṁ tvak· paripūrṇna Ikā kabeḥ, mataṅ yan· tan parāryyan· saṁ manaḍahakən tahapa<lb n="5v3" break="no"/>n·, mata<del>ṁ</del>ṅ yan vijaḥ sira kabeḥ, muAṁ men-men·, si p<subst><del>i</del><add place="overstrike">a</add></subst>tiṅhalan·, mabañol·, si pati bañcil·, muAṁ si bari

<lb n="5v4"/>pacəḥ, Atapukan·, si giraṁ hyasən·, matəkapakən sira kabeḥ, dinmakan· kupaṁ, <num value="2">2</num>, sovaṁ-sovaṁ, I tlasnira ka<lb n="5v5" break="no"/>beḥ manaḍaḥ, maṅḍiri saṁ makudur vadihati patiḥ pramukha, kapu<supplied reason="omitted">A</supplied> manəmbaḥ I sārah-araḥ śrī mahārāja, muAṁ ra<g type="squiggleVertical">.</g><pb n="6r" break="no"/>

<pb n="7r"/><lb n="7r1"/>tiṅkaḥ samya hajī vatu kura, <g type="ddandaOrnate">.</g><g type="circleCurve">.</g><g type="ddandaCross">.</g>, Iṁ śaka, <num value="1270">1270</num>, Ăṣāḍhā-māsa, tīthi, <num value="11">Ekădaśi</num> śukla-pakṣa, <abbr>pā</abbr>, <abbr>va</abbr>,

<lb n="7r2"/><abbr>ca</abbr>, vāra, juluṁ, <g type="ddandaOrnate">.</g><g type="circleCurve">.</g><g type="ddandaCross">.</g><g type="dotDouble">.</g><g type="dotDouble">.</g>,

</div>

<!-- <app loc="1v1">

</app>

<lem>pūrvvăṣāḍhā-</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Naerssen1941_01">pūrvvaṣādhā-</rdg>

<rdg source="bib:Naerssen1977_01">pūrvvasādhā-</rdg>

</app>

<lem>Ĭśvarakeśavotsava-</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Naerssen1941_01 bib:Naerssen1977_01">Ĭśvarakeṣavotsava-</rdg>

</app>

</app>

<lem>jātuka rāmani śruta</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Naerssen1977_01">jātu karāman i śruta</rdg>

</app>

<lem>sikpa<lb n="3v3" break="no"/>n·</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Naerssen1977_01">siṁkpan·</rdg>

</app> -->

<lem>kabeḥ, muAṁ <g type="squiggleVertical">.</g></lem>

<rdg source="bib:Naerssen1977_01">kabeḥ,</rdg>

<note>The last word is omitted by <bibl><ptr target="bib:Naerssen1977_01"/></bibl> (and was so also in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Naerssen1941_01"/></bibl>).</note>

</app>

<!-- <app loc="7r1">

<lem>Ăṣāḍhā-</lem>

<note>Aṣādhā-</note>

</app> -->

</listApp>

</div>

Hail! Elapsed Śaka year 824, month of Śravaṇa, fifteenth <foreign>tithi</foreign> of the waxing fortnight, Paniron, Pahiṅ‚ Tuesday, <supplied reason="subaudible">in the <foreign>vuku</foreign></supplied> Maḍaṅkuṅan, seventh <foreign>karaṇa</foreign>, the lunar mansion <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nakṣatra</foreign></supplied> Pūrvasādha, the conjunction <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>yoga</foreign></supplied> Śiva.

That was the time when the Great King, Lord of <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>rake</foreign></supplied> Vatu Kura, <foreign>dyah</foreign> Balitung, Śrī Īśvarakeśavotsavatuṅga, bestowed upon the village elders of Vatu Kura a demarcation fee  of 1 <foreign>kaṭi</foreign> of gold for the place of his (i.e. Balitung's) ancestral foundation <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>dharma paṅasthūlan</foreign></supplied>. It is to be worshipped by the village elders of Vatu Kura every full moon of the month of Bhādrapada.

In addition, the irrigated rice fields, the dry rice fields, the wet rice fields and the gardens are to contribute the sum of 1 <foreign>māṣa</foreign> in silver per head. The community <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>duvan</foreign></supplied> of Babadan is to contribute 3 <foreign>māṣa</foreign>s <supplied reason="explanation">of silver</supplied>.

<list><label><supplied reason="subaudible">The village</supplied> of Mata Panas</label><item> 1 <foreign>suvarṇa</foreign> 4 <foreign>māṣa</foreign>s of gold,</item>

<label>Payaman</label><item>1 <foreign>suvarṇa</foreign> 4 <foreign>māṣa</foreign>s of gold,</item>

<label>Buhara Suvul</label><item>5 <foreign>māṣa</foreign>s,</item>

<label>Buhara Uṇḍuh</label><item>3 <foreign>māṣa</foreign>s,</item>

<label>Buhara Təṅah</label><item>5 <foreign>māṣa</foreign>s,</item>

<label>Buhara Hoya</label><item>5<foreign>māṣa</foreign>s,</item>

<label>Buhara Paṅanten</label><item> 2 <foreign>māṣa</foreign>s,</item>

<label>Bareṅ</label><item>10 <foreign>māṣa</foreign>s.</item></list>

Moreover the floral-tribute <supplied reason="explanation">lit. making of flower baskets</supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">to be paid shall be</supplied> 2 <foreign>kupaṅ</foreign>s of gold  and 1 <foreign>kupaṅ</foreign> of uncooked rice per household <supplied reason="explanation">lit. <q>per door</q></supplied>, plus 1 <foreign>kupaṅ</foreign> of gold and 1 <foreign>kupaṅ</foreign> of rice per household for the Panaman festival at the full moon <supplied reason="explanation">in the month</supplied> of Jyaiṣṭha, plus 1 <foreign>kupaṅ</foreign> of gold and 1 <foreign>kupaṅ</foreign> of uncooked rice per household on the day of the full moon <supplied reason="explanation">in the month</supplied> of Caitra.

Moreover the <foreign>ravi galuh</foreign> <supplied reason="explanation">the jewel-radiant sun?</supplied> of Babadan is to give wooden buckets, trays, the <foreign>akṣenya</foreign> of the deity of the foundation, plus head ornaments. These constitute the offerings of the village elders to the deity of the foundation. The remains <supplied reason="explanation">of the offerings</supplied> shall go to those who take part in the work: those who officiate at the offerings, the officiants <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>upakalpa</foreign></supplied>, the masters of divine works <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>devakarma</foreign></supplied>, those who sweep <supplied reason="explanation">the temple ground</supplied>, the servants of the god, the <foreign>pasinghir</foreign>; all those who take part in the work of guarding the deity have them <supplied reason="explanation">the remains</supplied> as their property.

Moreover, let festive garments be made by the village elders: rings for the upper arm and the forearm and ornaments provided with the Śrī symbol, for the use of the deity of the foundation. <gap reason="lost"/>...

</div>

This inscription is a 14th-century copy (1270 Śaka = 1348 CE) of a Balitung-era charter of 824 Śaka (902 CE). It likely went through several rounds of copying. The earlier date of 824 Śaka is severely corrupted, as explained by Damais: <q>II s'agit d'une copie faite en 1270 śaka (voir Watukura B, Liste A. 18 5) et il doit y avoir une erreur dans les données car celles-ci sont irréductibles sans correction</q> (1955: 194). According to van Naerssen: <q>Some anachronisms found in the text show beyond doubt that the copyist of the Çaka year 1270 did not have the original charter of the Çaka year 824 at his disposal, but had to copy a document made at the time of King Wawa or King Sindok (about the middle of the tenth century).</q> We find several instances of phraseology that are typical of the Sindok period (929–951 CE):

<item>Van Naerssen 1941: 104 writes that “<q>De aanvangswoorden van de pericope waarin de lijst der maṅilala dṛvya haji wordt ingeleid, is gelijk aan die der oorkonden uit Wawa’s en Siṇḍok’s tijd (cf. de Inleiding blz. 12).</q>” The reference to p. 12 makes clear that he meant the occurrence of the words <foreign>mīśra para mīśra, vulu-vulu prakāra</foreign> in 3r3–4.

</item>

<item>The passage from 5r2 onwards has extensive parallels in several Sindok inscriptions.</item>

<item>5v5 <foreign>kapu<supplied reason="omitted">A</supplied> manəmbaḥ I sārah-araḥ, śrī mahārāja</foreign>: these words find parallels only in the inscriptions of Sindok, viz.

Sangguran B45 <foreign>manambaḥ humarap· I sārah-araḥniṁ kahanān· śrī mahărāja</foreign>;

Alasantan 4.16–17 <foreign>Anambaḥ humarap· I sārah-araḥ śrī mahārāja</foreign>; and

Paradah II 95–96 <foreign>kapuA manambaḥ humaR̥p i sārah-araḥniṁ kahanān śrī mahārāja</foreign>

</item>

<item>Cf. also the occurrence of <foreign>samgət </foreign>Laṅka in Watukura II, 3v2.</item>

</list>

<foreign>panīma</foreign>: see other instances of payment of a demarcation fee?

<foreign>dharmma paṅasthūlan</foreign>: is this Balitung's deification temple?

<foreign>Akṣeṇya</foreign>: a hapax of unknown meaning, found neither in OJED nor in Sanskrit dictionaries

<foreign>tuhālup</foreign>Cf. <ref target="DHARMA_INSIDENKKalimusan.xml">Kalimusan</ref> r3 for the same term. Compare the present list of functions (<foreign>maṅilala</foreign>) with that of Kalimusan. The list of the Watu Kura I inscription includes insertions of new terms (?).

<foreign>tumŭt krama saṁ haneṁ</foreign>: The passage of several lines from <foreign>tumŭt krama</foreign> onwards has a lose parallel in several inscriptions of Sindok.

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The verso of plate 1 was first edited by J.L.A. Brandes <bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Brandes1913_01"/></bibl>, together with the verso side of plate 3 of <ref target="DHARMA_INSIDENKWatuKuraII.xml">Watukura II</ref>, on the basis of a rubbing.<note>This combined edition of two plates not belonging to the same charter was later reproduced, with addition of a translation into English, by H. B. Sarkar (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Sarkar1971-1972_01"/></bibl>), who apparently did not realize that the two plates do not belong together.</note> All of the known plates were edited, with translation into Dutch, by F. H. van Naerssen in his dissertation (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Naerssen1941_01"/></bibl>). This edition was later reproduced, almost identically, with an English translation taking the place of the Dutch (<bibl><ptr target="bib:Naerssen1977_01"/></bibl>). This second publication by van Naerssen is furnished with excellent illlustrations. The text is re-edited by Arlo Griffiths, Wayan Jarrah Sastrawan & Marine Schoettel based on photographs of the plates.

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<citedRange unit="item">LXIII</citedRange> </bibl>

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