Charter of Rongkab

Editors: Wayan Jarrah Sastrawan, Arlo Griffiths.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSIDENKRongkab.

Language: Old Javanese.

Repository: Nusantara Epigraphy (tfc-nusantara-epigraphy).

Version: (9d06222), last modified (f510d28).

Edition

⟨Page 1r⟩ ⟨1r1⟩ ||svasti śaka-varṣătĭta 823 kă⟨r⟩tika-măsa, tithi daśamĭ sukla-pakṣa vā, ¿va?⟨pa⟩ Ă văra śatabhiśa-nakṣatra bāru⟨1r2⟩na-daivatā ¿hasa?⟨harṣaṇa⟩-yūga, tatkālanikanaṁ rāma I roṁkab· vinaiḥ mamuputta kaṭik· pră⟨1r3⟩ṇa ¿ga?⟨1⟩ de saṁ pamaggat· Umaṅgit· pu parvvatta, saṁkā ri nāśani vanvanya ¿maṅaśa⟨1r4⟩Akkan·?⟨maṅasəAkan·⟩ Ikanaṁ rāma pasak·-pasak· I saṁ pamaggat· pirak· kā 10 juru⟨1r5⟩ni kanayakān· saṁ tamvalaṁ Anak· vanva I kukap· vatak· pagar· vsi, Ata⟨1r6⟩ṇḍa pu pavī, juruniṁ la⟨m⟩puran· pu dhānada kapva Anak· vanva I turai, vatak· tu⟨1r7⟩rai, juruniṁ vadvā rarai pu gaṇḍaura Anak· vanva I sḍəḥ vatak· taṁkillan· ⟨1r8⟩ juruniṁ kalula pu Arka Anak· vanva varyyaṁ vatak· rampakan·, juruniṁ maṁra⟨1r9⟩kat· sa⟨ṁ⟩ ra papaḥ Anak· vanva I təR̥nəḥ vatak· taṁkil·, Amasaṅakan· ⟨1r10⟩ pu maṇḍu A⟨nak va⟩nva I ra havu vatak· sirikan· Inaṁs¡y!⟨ə⟩an· pasak·-pasak· pirak· ⟨Page 1v⟩ ⟨1v1⟩ (dhā) 5 kin{·}⟨a⟩baihan·nira vahut{t}a I rikanaṁ kāla mukur saṁ bataṁṅan· piṁhai ka⟨1v2⟩ḍu sa⟨ṁ⟩ pataṁṅaḥhan·, kapva Inaṁs¡y!⟨ə⟩an· pasak·-pasak· pirak· dhāraṇa 10 I sovaṁ⟨1v3⟩-sovaṁ rāma māgman· Irikana(ṁ) kāla kala(ṁ) si maṅgal· muAṁ si kya gusti si diśa vinəkas· ⟨1v4⟩ si haṅū parujar· si liṇḍuAn· m(u)A(ṁ) si bicit· rāma maratā si təvak· si julu hulu vras· ⟨1v5⟩ si visuva nāhan· kvaiḥnikanaṁ rāma māgman· sinrahan· prasaṣṭi de saṁ pamaggat· Umaṅgit· ⟨1v6⟩ pu parbata Anuṁ ḍumatəṅakan· samvaḥnikanaṁ rāma I roṁkab· sa(ṁ) talla gusti I suli, sīma vadi⟨1v7⟩hati săkṣī saṁ pamaggat· vadihati pu ḍapit· Anak· vanva I pa(ṁ)ḍamuAn· vatak· vadihati Inasə⟨1v8⟩An· pasak·-pasak· pirak· dhāraṇa 4 tuhān· miraḥ-miraḥ p(u) rayuṁ sanak· I miraḥ-miraḥ vatak· vadi⟨hati⟩ ma⟨ṁ⟩⟨1v9⟩ra⟨ṁ⟩kappi saṁ halaran· pu dhānada Anak· vanva I paṇḍamuAn· vatak· vadihati kapva Ina(ṁ)səAn· pa⟨1v10⟩sak·-pasak· pirak· dhā 2 I sovaṁ-sova(ṁ) vahut{t}a hya(ṁ) tumut· magu¡n!⟨ṇ⟩ado¡s!⟨ṣ⟩a sa(ṁ) siṅgaḥ vvaḥ pu ra⟨1v11⟩hula, Anak· vanva I miraḥ-miraḥ vatak· vadihati muAṁ sa⟨ṁ⟩ habūn· Anak· vanva I turayun· vatak· si⟨1v12⟩garan· kapva InasəAn· pasak·-pasak· pirak· mā 7 I sova(ṁ)-sovaṁ karamān· saṁ hadyan· vahu⟨1v13⟩tta hya(ṁ) makabaiḥhan· pirak· dhā 1 kinabaiḥhannira likhitta-patra pu ravi ◯◯◯

Apparatus

⟨1r1⟩ nakṣatra Boe T ⬦ naksatra BJ. ⟨1r2⟩ daivatā T ⬦ devatā BJ Boe. ⟨1r2⟩ ¿hasa?⟨harṣaṇa⟩ BJ T ⬦ hāsa Boe. ⟨1r3⟩ ¿ga?⟨1⟩ BJ T ⬦ 1 Boe. ⟨1r3⟩ parvvatta Boe T ⬦ parvatta BJ. ⟨1r4⟩ kā 10 T ⬦ kā 1 BJ Boe. ⟨1r6⟩ juruniṁ la⟨m⟩puran· Boe T ⬦ juruni laṁpuran· BJ. ⟨1r7⟩ juruniṁ vadvā T ⬦ juruniṁ vadva BJ; juruni vadvā Boe. ⟨1r7⟩ vanva Boe T ⬦ vanuA BJ. ⟨1r8⟩ juruniṁ maṁrakat BJ T ⬦ juruni maraṁkat Boe. ⟨1r9⟩ sa⟨ṁ⟩ ra papaḥ BJ T ⬦ saṁ ra papaḥ Boe. ⟨1v1⟩ 5 Boe T ⬦ 4 BJ. ⟨1v1⟩ kin{·}⟨a⟩baihan·nira ⬦ kinābaihan·nira BJ Boe T. ⟨1v1⟩ rikanaṁ Boe T ⬦ rikaṁ BJ. ⟨1v1⟩ mukur T ⬦ muṁkur BJ Boe. ⟨1v2⟩ sa⟨ṁ⟩ pataṁṅaḥhan· T ⬦ saṁ pataṁṅaḥhan· BJ; sa⟨ṁ⟩ patiṅaḥhan· Boe. ⟨1v2⟩ 10 T ⬦ 1 BJ Boe. ⟨1v3⟩ Irikana(ṁ) Boe T ⬦ Irikaṁ BJ. ⟨1v6⟩ sa(ṁ) talla ⬦ sa⟨ṁ⟩ talla BJ T; sa⟨ṁ⟩ talu Boe. ⟨1v6⟩ su⊔li BJ T ⬦ suliṁ BJ. ⟨1v7⟩ săkṣī BJ T ⬦ sakṣi Boe. ⟨1v7⟩ pa(ṁ)ḍamuAn Boe T ⬦ paḍamuAn BJ • Cf. 1v9 below and Mantyasih I (1v15), Rukam (1v9), Kasugihan (1v3). ⟨1v7-8⟩ InasəAn· Boe T ⬦ InaṁsəAn· BJ. ⟨1v8⟩ 4 Boe T ⬦ 3 BJ. ⟨1v8⟩ sanak· BJ T ⬦ Anak· Boe. ⟨1v8-9⟩ ma⟨ṁ⟩rakappi T ⬦ maṁraṁkappi BJ; maṁrakappi Boe. ⟨1v10⟩ magunadosa Boe T ⬦ maṅunadosa BJ. ⟨1v11⟩ sa⟨ṁ⟩ habūn BJ ⬦ saṁ habūn Boe T. ⟨1v13⟩ hya(ṁ) BJ Boe ⬦ hya⟨ṁ⟩ T. ⟨1v13⟩ makabaiḥhan· BJ T ⬦ makabaiḥkan· Boe.

Translation by Wayan Jarrah Sastrawan and Arlo Griffiths

(1r1–1r3) Hail! Elapsed Śaka year 823, month Kārtika, tenth tithi of the waxing fortnight, Vās, Pahiṅ, Sunday, lunar mansion Śatabhiṣaj, deity Bāruna, conjunction Harṣaṇa, that was when the headmen of Roṅkab were permitted to cease ⟨providing⟩ 1 servant by the official of Umaṅgit, pu Parvata due to the destruction of their village.

(1r3–1v1) The headmen gave gifts to:

  • the official ⟨of Umaṅgit⟩, 10 kāṭis of silver,
  • the master of the kanayakān, saṅ Tamvalaṅ, native of the village of Kukap, district Pagar Vəsi,
  • the ataṇḍa, pu Pavī,
  • the master of the lampuran, pu Dhānada, both natives of the village of Turai, district Turai,
  • the master of the junior troops (vadvā rarai), pu Gaṇḍaura, native of the village of Səḍəh, district Taṅkilan,
  • the master of the servants, pu Arka, native of the village of Varyaṅ, district Rampakan,
  • the master of the attendants, saṅ ra Papah, native of the village of Tərənəh, district Taṅkil, together with
  • pu Maṇḍu, native of the village of Ra Havu, district Sirikan.
They were offered gifts of 5 dhāraṇas of silver collectively.

(1v1–1v3)

  • The vahuta at that time, (the one at) Mukur, saṅ Bataṅan, (and)
  • the piṅhai of Kaḍu, saṅ Pataṅahan,
were both offered gifts of 10 dhāraṇa of silver each.

(1v3–1v6) The headmen holding office (rāma māgman) at that time were:

  • the kalaṅs, si Maṅgal, and si Kya,
  • the gusti, si Diśa,
  • the vinəkas, si Haṅū,
  • the heralds, si Liṇḍuan and si Bicit
The regular headmen were:
  • si Təvak,
  • si Julu,
  • the rice manager (hulu vras), si Visuva.
Such were number of headmen holding office to whom the charter was entrusted by the official of Umaṅgit, pu Parvata.

(1v6–1v7) The one who communicated (ḍumatəṅakən) the petition of the headmen at Roṅkab was saṅ Talla, the gusti of Suli, sīma Vadihati.

(1v7–1v10) The witnesses:

  • the official of Vadihati, pu Ḍapit, native of the village of Paṇḍamuan, district Vadihati, was offered gifts: 4 dhāraṇas of silver.
  • The master of Mirah-Mirah, pu Rayuṅ, relative (recte ’native’?) of Mira-Mirah, district Vadihati, accompanying
  • the one of Halaran, pu Dhānada, native of the village of Paṇḍamuan, district Vadihati, were both offered gifts: 2 dhāraṇas of silver each.

(1v10–1v12) The vahutas of the deity who participated in the deliberation (guṇadoṣa):

  • the one of Siṅgah Vvah, pu Rahula, native of the village of Mira-Mirah, and
  • saṅ Habūn, native of the village of Turayun, district Sigaran,
were both offered gifts: 7 māṣas of silver each.

(1v12–1v13) The group of headmen, the lord, the vahutas of the deity, were collectively ⟨given⟩ 1 dhāraṇa of silver.

(1v13) The scribe was pu Ravi.

Commentary

Word-final -uA is consistently spelled -va (e.g. vanva, kapva), which is somewhat unusual for the early tenth century. The word vahuta is consistently spelled vahut{t}a, and the word Inaṁsəan· as Inaṁsyan.

(1r1) The date of this inscription, particularly the erroneous astral elements, is discussed at length by Eade and Gislén (2000: 26-30).

(1v8) vadi⟨hati⟩: Cf. above (1v7) and Damais (1970), s.v. mirah-mirah.

(1v13) This line begins after an indent from the left margin of about six akṣaras.

Bibliography

Primary

[BJ] Barrett Jones, Antoinette M. 1984. Early tenth century Java from the inscriptions: A study of economic, social, and administrative conditions in the first quarter of the century. Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 107. Dordrecht: Foris. Pages 162–165.

[Boe] Boechari. 1985–1986. Prasasti koleksi Museum Nasional, Jilid I. Jakarta: Proyek Pengembangan Museum Nasional, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. [URL]. Pages 171–172, item E. 83.

[T] Terrylia Feisrami. 2013–07. “Prasasti Rongkab 823 Ś: Kajian Epigrafi.” Skripsi Sarjana Humaniora, Universitas Indonesia. Depok. Pages 36–40.

Secondary

No name. 1941. Oudheidkundige Dienst in Nederlandsch-Indië: Oudheidkundig Verslag 1940. Batavia: Kon. Drukkerij de Unie. Page 30.

Damais, Louis-Charles. 1952. “Études d’épigraphie indonésienne, III: Liste des principales inscriptions datées de l’Indonesie.” BEFEO 46 (1), pp. 1–105. DOI: 10.3406/befeo.1952.5158. [URL]. Pages 44–45, item A. 70.

Damais, Louis-Charles. 1955. “Études d’épigraphie indonésienne, IV: Discussion de la date des inscriptions.” BEFEO 47, pp. 7–290. DOI: 10.3406/befeo.1955.5406. [URL]. Page 175, item A. 70.

Damais, Louis-Charles. 1970. Répertoire onomastique de l'épigraphie javanaise (jusqu'à Pu Siṇḍok Śrī Īśānawikrama Dharmmotuṅgadewa): Étude d'épigraphie indonésienne. Publications de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient 66. Paris: École française d'Extrême-Orient. Pages 866–868, items mirah-mirah.

Eade, J. C. and Lars Gislén. 2000. Early Javanese inscriptions: A new dating method. Handbuch der Orientalistik. 3. Abt., Südostasien 10. Leiden: Brill. Pages 26–30, item A. 70.