Laguna Copper plate (820 Śaka)

Author of digital edition: Arlo Griffiths (argr).

Contributor: Arlo Griffiths (argr).

Language: Old Malay (omy) [Script (unspecified) (script_unspecified)].

Repository: Nusantara Epigraphy (tfc-nusantara-epigraphy).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSIDENKLaguna.

File path: xml/DHARMA_INSIDENKLaguna.xml.

Version: 2026-09-25 06:15 (19d0d3f), last modified 2026-09-09 14:27 (72454d8).

Edition

⟨1⟩ svasti śaka-varṣātīta 822 vaisākha-māsa diṁ jyotiṣa, caturthi kr̥ṣṇa-pakṣa so-
⟨2⟩ ma-vāra sāna tatkāla dayaṁ Aṅkatan· lavan· dṅan·ña sānak· barṅāran· si bukaḥ
⟨3⟩ Anak·da daṁ hvan namvran· dibari varadāna viśuddhapā⟨⟨tra⟩⟩ Uliḥ saṁ pamgat· senāpati di tuṇḍu-
⟨4⟩ n· barjā⟨di⟩ daṁ hvan nāyaka tuhān· pailaḥ jayadeva, di krama daṁ hvan namvran· dṅan· daṁ kāya
⟨5⟩ stha śuddhānu diparlappas· hutaṁda valānda kā 1 su 8 di hadapan· daṁ hvan nāyaka tuhān· pu-
⟨6⟩ liran· kasumuran·, daṁ hvan nāyaka tuhān· pailaḥ barjādi gaṇaśakti, daṁ hvan nāyaka tu-
⟨7⟩ hān· binvāṅan· barjādi biśruta⟨,⟩ tathāpi sādānda sānak· kaparāvis· Uliḥ saṁ pamgat· de-
⟨8⟩ vata varjādi saṁ pamgat· mḍaṁ dari bhaktinda diparhulun· saṁ pamgat·, ya makāña sādāña Anak·
⟨9⟩ cucu daṁ hvan namvran· śuddha ya kaparāvis· di hutaṁda daṁ hvan namvran· di saṁ pamgat· devata, Ini graṁ
⟨10⟩ syāt· syāpa ntāha paścāt· diṁ Āri kamudyan· Āda graṁ Uraṁ barujara vluṁ lappas· hutaṁda daṁ hva

Apparatus

⟨4⟩ barjā⟨di⟩ daṁ • Another conceivable correction would be barṅāraṁ daṁ, but it seems slightly less likely given the predominant use of barjādi in this text. Finally, it is conceivable that the intended text was tuṇḍun· daṁ hvan nāyaka tuhān· pailaḥ barjādi jayadeva, with barjādi in front of the name Jayadeva, as we see the word placed before the names Ganasakti and Bisruta in lines 6 and 7.

Translation by Clavé & Griffiths 2022

Hail! Elapsed Śaka year 822, month of Vaisākha according to the astral sciences (jyotiṣa), fourth (tithi) of the waning fortnight, a Monday: that was the time when a female servant (dayaṅ) who had been taken over (aṅkatan) [in debt-bondage] together with her siblings (lavan dṅan-ña sa-anak), called si Bukah, child of daṅ hvan Namwran, was awarded a debt clearance document (viśuddhapātra). [It was awarded] by the officiant (saṅ pamgat), army commander (senāpati) at Tundun, with the title daṅ hvan nāyaka tuhān of Pailah Jayadeva. Regarding the specifics (di krama) of daṅ hvan Namwran, with the scribe (kāyastha), being cleared (śuddha): what (anu) was resolved (diparlappas) was his military debt (amounting to) 1 kāṭi and 8 suvarṇa [that had been contracted] in front of (the following witnesses): daṅ hvan nāyaka tuhān of Puliran Kasumuran, daṅ hvan nāyaka tuhān of Pailah, with the title Ganasakti, daṅ hvan nāyaka tuhān of Binwangan, with the title Bisruta. But by the deity officiant (pamgat) with the title officiant of Mdang, all (sa-ada-nda) her (i.e., Bukah’s) siblings together (kaparāvis), because of (dari) their loyalty (bhakti-nda) [when they were] owned as slaves (diparhulun) by the officiant, that was the reason why (ya makāña) all children [and] grand-children of daṅ hvan Namwran were cleared together of (di) the debt of daṅ hvan Namwran to (di) the deity officiant. If there be (syāt) anyone who will doubt this, subsequently, in the days ahead; if there be people who will say “the debt of daṅ hva[n Namwran] has not yet been resolved” ...

Bibliography

Primary

[G] Clavé, Elsa & Arlo Griffiths. 2022. “The Laguna Copperplate Inscription: Tenth-Century Luzon, Java, and the Malay World.” PhSt 70 (2), pp. 167–242. [URL]. Page 180.

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<p><lb n="1"/>svasti śaka-varṣātīta <num value="822">822</num> vaisākha-māsa diṁ jyotiṣa, caturthi kr̥ṣṇa-pakṣa so<lb n="2" break="no"/>ma-vāra</p>

<p>sāna tatkāla dayaṁ Aṅkatan· lavan· dṅan·ña sānak· barṅāran· si bukaḥ <lb n="3"/>Anak·da daṁ hvan namvran· dibari varadāna viśuddhapā<add place="below">tra</add> Uliḥ saṁ pamgat· senāpati di tuṇḍu<lb n="4" break="no"/>n· barjā<supplied reason="omitted">di</supplied> daṁ hvan nāyaka tuhān· pailaḥ jayadeva, di krama daṁ hvan namvran· dṅan· daṁ kāya<lb n="5"/>stha śuddhānu diparlappas· hutaṁda valānda <abbr>kā</abbr> <num value="1">1</num> <abbr>su</abbr> <num value="8">8</num> di hadapan· daṁ hvan nāyaka tuhān· pu<lb n="6" break="no"/>liran· kasumuran·, daṁ hvan nāyaka tuhān· pailaḥ barjādi gaṇaśakti, daṁ hvan nāyaka tu<lb n="7" break="no"/>hān· binvāṅan· barjādi biśruta<supplied reason="subaudible">,</supplied> tathāpi sādānda sānak· kaparāvis· Uliḥ saṁ pamgat· de<lb n="8" break="no"/>vata varjādi saṁ pamgat· mḍaṁ dari bhaktinda diparhulun· saṁ pamgat·, ya makāña sādāña Anak· <lb n="9"/>cucu daṁ hvan namvran· śuddha ya kaparāvis· di hutaṁda daṁ hvan namvran· di saṁ pamgat· devata,</p>

<p part="I">Ini graṁ <lb n="10"/>syāt· syāpa ntāha paścāt· diṁ Āri kamudyan· Āda graṁ Uraṁ barujara vluṁ lappas· hutaṁda daṁ hva</p>

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<p>Hail! Elapsed Śaka year 822, month of Vaisākha according to the astral sciences (jyotiṣa), fourth (tithi) of the waning fortnight, a Monday: that was the time when a female servant (dayaṅ) who had been taken over (aṅkatan) [in debt-bondage] together with her siblings (lavan dṅan-ña sa-anak), called si Bukah, child of daṅ hvan Namwran, was awarded a debt clearance document (viśuddhapātra). [It was awarded] by the officiant (saṅ pamgat), army commander (senāpati) at Tundun, with the title daṅ hvan nāyaka tuhān of Pailah Jayadeva. Regarding the specifics (di krama) of daṅ hvan Namwran, with the scribe (kāyastha), being cleared (śuddha): what (anu) was resolved (diparlappas) was his military debt (amounting to) 1 kāṭi and 8 suvarṇa [that had been contracted] in front of (the following witnesses):

daṅ hvan nāyaka tuhān of Puliran Kasumuran,

daṅ hvan nāyaka tuhān of Pailah, with the title Ganasakti,

daṅ hvan nāyaka tuhān of Binwangan, with the title Bisruta.

But by the deity officiant (pamgat) with the title officiant of Mdang, all (sa-ada-nda) her (i.e., Bukah’s) siblings together (kaparāvis), because of (dari) their loyalty (bhakti-nda) [when they were] owned as slaves (diparhulun) by the officiant, that was the reason why (ya makāña) all children [and] grand-children of daṅ hvan Namwran were cleared together of (di) the debt of daṅ hvan Namwran to (di) the deity officiant.

If there be (syāt) anyone who will doubt this, subsequently, in the days ahead; if there be people who will say “the debt of daṅ hva[n Namwran] has not yet been resolved” ...

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