Kayumwungan charter of the Veṇuvanavihāra (746 Śaka)

Editor: Arlo Griffiths.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSIDENKKayumwungan.

Hand description:

Languages: Old Javanese, Sanskrit.

Repository: Nusantara Epigraphy (tfc-nusantara-epigraphy).

Version: (3b8f154), last modified (fb48b09).

Edition

I. Sragdharā

⟨1⟩ [––––⏑––][amita-va]la-mahā-vajra-paryyaṅka-vaddhaḥ

a

rakṣatv āmūla-siṅho bhavaja-bhavacarātyanta-saṁkru⟨2⟩[⏑–⏓]

b

[––––⏑––⏑⏑]matara-hitottuṅga-śaila-stha-śūro

c

yat saj-jīvāpara-smāra-valam akhila[]⟨3⟩[–⏑––⏑–⏓] [||]

d
II. Sragdharā

[––––⏑––⏑]vara-vaśa-vatāsāditādharmma-vr̥ndān·

a

lokānāṁ laukya-vuddhair agaditam atu⟨4⟩[la][–⏑––⏑–⏓]

b

[––––⏑––]cchidam akhila-bhava-vyādhi-bhaiṣajyam agraṁ

c

sad-dharmaṁ yukti-cittaḥ praṇama⟨5⟩[ti] [⏑⏑––⏑––⏑–⏓] [||]

d
III. Sragdharā

[––]t kāruṇyam agrañ jagati gati-śatānanta-duḥkhābhibhūte

a

bhakti-svīyā [] ⟨6⟩ [–⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑––⏑––⏑]mānām·

b

prītyā rājā tale danda-dhara-tula-mahājñāna-puṇya-prasūti-

c

⟨7⟩[––––⏑––⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑⏑––⏑]tām vandya-vandyaḥ ||

d
IV. Vasantatilakā

śrīmat-samasta-sugatais sasutaiḥ parāntyaiḥ

a

n¿ī?rukta⟨8⟩[–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑–⏓]

b

[––⏑–]tsu taruṇām atha duḥkhiteṣu

c

sa¡tv!⟨ttv⟩eṣu vuddha-cariteṣu garīyasīñ ca ||

d
V. Vasantatilakā

śraddhāñ ca ⟨9⟩ [–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑–⏓]

a

[tan-maṇḍa]lāgra-guṇavad-gaṇam atyavāśi

b

lebhe vigūḍha-manujendra-gaṇān mahiṣyam·

c

śai⟨10⟩[lendra-vaṁśa-tilaka][⏑⏑–⏑–⏓] [||]

d
VI. Vasantatilakā

vistīrṇṇa-saṅga-[⏑⏑–]pyananāmvu-pūrṇṇa-

a

-prauḍha-dviṣad-vikasitāmvuja-locanāni

b

⟨11⟩ tan-maṇḍalāgra[⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑–⏓]

c

nitya-smr̥tāni sahasaiva samākucanti ||

d
VII. Vasantatilakā

caṇḍa-pratāpa-paritāpita-bhūri-bhū⟨12⟩paḥ

a

santāpa-pāvanam a[–⏑⏑–⏑–⏓]

b

[––]guṇo ⟨’⟩pi hira-pīta-karo ⟨’⟩vadātaḥ

c

sācātirānubhava-toṣa-vivi⟨13⟩kta-cittaḥ ||

d
VIII. Vasantatilakā

śrīmān asau samaratuṅga Iti kṣitī[ndraḥ]

a

[––⏑–⏑]śavidhām adharo mahīyān·

b

tasyātivallabhatarā ⟨14⟩ duhiteha cakre

c

grāme jinālayam araṁ [⏑⏑–⏑–⏓] [||]

d
IX. Vasantatilakā

[––]mi-bhūpa-guṇa-śīla-vibhūṣanākhyā

a

strai⟨15⟩ṇāgamāvirahitā karuṇātmikā ca

b

rārajyate na []titārya [⏑–⏑–⏓]

c

[––⏑]rānta-viśayeṣu karo⟨16⟩ti bhaktim· ||

d
X. Gīti

sā kāntiñ candramaso gatiñ ca haṅsāt svarañ ca kalaviṅkāt·

ab

se[3+]ṇāṁ hara⟨17⟩ti śrīmat-pramodavarddhanī khyātā ||

cd
XI. Śārdūlavikrīḍita

śākaindryāṁ rasa-sāgara-kṣitidharair yyāntyāṁ sa mā[se śucau]

a

[–––⏑] ⟨18⟩ ca rāma-pakṣa-vasato kāṣṭā-tithau tatra ca

b

tuṁlai-nāma-Umānis-ākhya-sahite vāre purāṇād gu[rau]

c

[]⟨19⟩pte śrīghana-nātham āryya-sahitaṁ prātiṣṭhipan mandire ||

d
XII. Vasantatilakā

ta¿cch?⟨c c⟩endu-vimva-śakala-pratimaṁ vibhāti

a

rāhor bhiyā sapa⟨20⟩di sampatitaṁ dharitryāṁ

b

tasyānuguṇyam athavedam udeti śubhraḥ

c

vuddhais sakr̥tya-taruṇair uṣitaṁ manojña⟨21⟩||

d
XIII. Anuṣṭubh

śrīmad-veṇuvanābhikhyam

a

vidhāya jina-mandiraṁ

b

yat puṇyam āptam etena

c

daśadāpnotu saugatam· ||

d
XIV. Anuṣṭubh

pa⟨22⟩dam atyanta-duṣprāpam

a

anuttaram agocaraṁ

b

tat-sutānāṁ mayā yuktaṁ

c

tūrṇṇam eva labheya yat· ||

d
XV. Sragdharā

Aurvvāgnir yā[va]⟨23⟩d uṣṇa-śvasana-vaśa-gatākṣanyadam bodhi-dr̥ṣṭyā

a

yāvat prāntā dharitrī vivudha-gaṇa-samākrānta-mūrttiś ca meruḥ

b

yāva[t khe] ⟨24⟩ svān gabhastīn daśa-śata-gaṇanām ujjhati vyoma-cakre

c

[––––⏑––]sugata-guṇa-gaṇas tāvad āstām vihāraḥ ||

d

⟨25⟩ || svasti śaka-varṣātīta 746 jyeṣṭa-māsa daśami kr̥ṣṇa-pakṣa tuṁlai Umanis vr̥haspati-vāra tatkāla rakai pa[tapā]⟨26⟩n· pu palar· saṁ laki-laki pu pasaṁ saṁṅ ānakabi mavaiḥ savaḥ sīmā Arikiva luAṁ Iṁ babadan· lmaḥ ri tpu mapa⟨27⟩k· viniḥnya ha 3 I kisir· lmaḥ ri kayumvuṅan· viniḥnya ha 1 vha 1 I rasti karuṁ lmaḥ I ptir· viniḥnya ha 6 Iṁ kaliru[ṅa]⟨28⟩n· viniḥnya ha 3 Iṁ kuliṁ viniḥnya ha 3 lmaḥ ri tri haji Ekapiṇḍa viniḥ ha 14 vha 1

tatra sākṣī si ravan· si[3+]⟨29⟩siḥ vinaiḥ takuraṁ yu 1 simsim· 1 suhan·-suhan· 1 si maṇḍakṣa saṁ luA paṇḍak· Anak banva I ji[1+] [vinaiḥ] ⟨30⟩ takuraṁ yu 1 simsim· 1 tasintanamu saṁ kaniryyan· Anak banva I valiṁbiṁ vatak· si [3+] C.la [3+] ⟨31⟩ 1 vadvā saṁ makudur· kinaun· Umadagga saṅ anak banva magavai ri havuryyan· ra[7+] [pa]⟨32⟩lar hyaṁ vinaiḥ takuraṁ yu 1 si bahas· ramani mai ......... vi ...... ⟨33⟩ ............ kalima si habak· ............ ⟨34⟩ ⟨35⟩ ..................... hlai 1 kalamvi 1 punukan· 1 su⟨36⟩ ............ mañjan· ramani pagar· vinaiḥ takuraṁ yu 1 juru si jati ramani svara vinaiḥ ⟨37⟩ takuraṁ yu 1 I sukun· si madhava ramani bhavana vinaiḥ takuraṁ yu 1 I variṅin· juru si lañcaṁ rama⟨38⟩ni nari vinaiḥ takuraṁ yu 1 I vuAtan· kalima si maṅga ramani napal· vinaiḥ takuraṁ yu 1 I paṇḍa⟨39⟩kyan juru si rindaṁ ramani gunuṁ vinaiḥ takuraṁ yu 1 I ptir juru si vikrama ramani dhara vinaiḥ takuraṁ ⟨40⟩ yu 1 rama si piṅul ramani Ambari vinaiḥ takuraṁ yu 1 kalima si kunvurama ramani taji vinaiḥ takuraṁ yu ⟨41⟩ 1 putiḥ hlai 1 kalambi 1 punukan· 1 suhan·-suhan· 1 I lva paṇḍak kalima si kalap ramani nanta vi- ⟨42⟩ naiḥ takuraṁ yu 1 putiḥ hlai 1 kalamvi 1 punukan· 1 suhan·-suhan· 1 juru si danaka ramani dara vinaiḥ ⟨43⟩ takuraṁ yu 1 parvuvus· si hr̥m· ramany avak vinaiḥ takuraṁ yu 1 I tri haji rama si pañca ramani tīrtha vinaiḥ takuraṁ yu 1 si⟨44⟩liḥ juru si śaṅkara ramani carmi vinaiḥ takuraṁ yu 1 parvuvus· si gunuṁ ramani rasal vinaiḥ takuraṁ yu 1 parvuvus· ⟨45⟩ si katil· ramani buvi vinaih takuraṁ yu 1 variga si sumbut ramani siddha vinaiḥ takuraṁ yu 1 juru matuha sy avit rama⟨46⟩ni ayat vinaiḥ takuraṁ yu 1 kalima si sampū ramani bamuṁ vinaiḥ takuraṁ yu 1 si pañca ramani hr̥ṁ vinaiḥ takuraṁ yu 1 ⟨47⟩ putiḥ hlai 1 kalamvi 1 lukai 1 punukan· 1 vaduṁ 1 patuk kr̥s· 1 parvuvus· saṁ kayumvuṅan· si haras ramani ⟨48⟩ vikrami Anak banva I tyusan· vinaiḥ takuraṁ yu 1 parvuvus· saṁ mantyāsih saṁ kīrti puntani nabha Anak banva ri ⟨49⟩ tri haji vinaiḥ takuraṁ yu 1 parvuvus· saṁ lva paṇḍak si kbal ramani jamin· Anak banva ri tri haji vinaiḥ takuraṁ ⟨50⟩ yu 1 tuhalas· ri hulu luvaṁ si silpa ramani yada vinaiḥ takuraṁ yu 1 tuhalas· ri kaṇḍaṅan· lamvas· si ⟨51⟩ saruḥ ramani kutiṁ vinaiḥ takuraṁ yu 1 kinaun· rakai patapān·

Apparatus

⟨1⟩ -siṅho ⬦ -ṣimho C • De Casparis printing error, corrected in Addenda et corrigenda.

⟨7⟩ n¿ī?rukta- C • It seems that the expected ni has been written to fit the meter.

⟨10⟩ vigūḍha- CLong 2014, p. 187, n. 39: “Damais (1955: 43, n. 1) expressed strong doubt about de Casparis’ reading vigūḍha ... noting that the -ḍha appears to be a -gha.” Can we read vidhūya? Or vibhūya? Bosch 1952, p. 197, n. 12 suggests aviguṇān, but this would be unmetrical.

⟨11⟩ tan-maṇḍalāgra- ⬦ tan-maṇḍalā- C • The akṣara gra is visible on the Leiden plastercast. Cf. also st. V, pāda b. — ⟨11⟩ nitya- ⬦ nītya- C • De Casparis printing error, not corrected in Addenda et corrigenda.

⟨16⟩ se[3+]ṇāṁ ⬦ se[⏓⏓⏓⏑]ṇāṁ C • It seems that the indication ⏕⏓– in De Casparis’ text was a misprint for ⏕⏕. Sarkar reads sekṣaṇe mr̥gīṇāṁ without any note indicating a departure from De Casparis’ edition, and a conjectural one too. His proposal is unmetrical.

⟨17⟩ -pramodavarddhanī ⬦ -prāmodavarddhanī C • De Casparis’ reading prā instead is required by the meter but Damais 1968, p. 327, rightly points out that it is not what is engraved on the stone: “Nous ne savons pourquoi De C. transcrit (p. 37, ligne 5 et passim) le nom de la Princesse « Prâmodawardhanī » alors que l’inscription a nettement prămodawarddhan(ī) avec une brève. A la note 5 de la p. 46, il déclare : « On se serait attendu à Prâmodya (qui augmente la joie); ... ». Pourquoi s’attendre à un autre mot que celui qui se trouve dans l’inscription, prămoda, qui est bien connu en sanskrit ?” Damais answers his own question in his n. 2: “En fait, il doit y avoir 30 morae à chaque vers. Mais si sa transcription peut bien donner ce total pour le second vers, c’est parce qu’il interprète prāmoda° alors que l’inscription a pra°.” De Casparis seems to have corrected pra to prā for metrical reasons and then to have forgotten that this reading is an emendation.

⟨18⟩ purāṇād C • Perhaps read purāṇaṅ?

⟨19⟩ ta¿cch?⟨c c⟩endu- ⬦ tacchendu-vimva-śakala-pratimaṁ C • All previous scholars have silently assumed that tacchendu- stands for tac cendu-. We see no better solution, but the rather bad spelling error has to be noted.

⟨20⟩ tasyānuguṇyam ⬦ tasyānupuṇyam C. — ⟨20⟩ athavedam ⬦ atha vedim C • We adopt the reading proposed by Bosch 1952, p. 194. — ⟨20⟩ śubhraḥ ⬦ bhūbhr̥t· C • We adopt the reading proposed by Bosch 1952, p. 194, although it might not be impossible to read śubhraṁ. — ⟨20⟩ vuddhais ⬦ vr̥ddhais C • We adopt the reading proposed by Bosch 1952, p. 194.

⟨21⟩ -vanābhikhyam C • It seems that the plastercast shows -vanābhikhyām.

⟨22⟩ tat-sutānāṁ C • Perhaps read tat sutarāṁ? — ⟨22⟩ labheya ⬦ labbeya C • De Casparis printing error, corrected in Addenda et corrigenda.

⟨24⟩ -cakre ⬦ -vr̥traḥ C.

⟨51⟩ kinaun· ⬦ kinon· C • Cf. Damais 1968, pp. 321, 328.

Translation

XII
That [temple] shines as wide as a slice of the Moon instantly fallen to the earth [as though] for fear of Rāhu. Or rather, the white one (śubhra masc., i.e., the Moon) rises above this lovely [temple] that shares features with Him, inhabited by Buddhas both ... and young.
XIV
Once it is concentrated upon by me, may I just quickly reach that stage, extremely difficult to attain for his sons (i.e, bodhisattvas), that is ultimate, beyond the senses.

Commentary

e

De Casparis believed the text not to have reached its completion by line 51; Damais argued against this.

Metri causa spellings: nīrukta- for nirukta-. Places where a metric causa spelling would have been required: prāmoda- for pramoda-.

Bibliography

The text on two out of five fragments edited by J. L. A. Brandes (1913); the text of all three preserved fragments edited, with Dutch translation and extensive study, by J. G. de Casparis (1950). This work generated a number of important scholarly reactions, notably those of F. D. K. Bosch (1952) and L.-Ch. Damais (1968). The publications by H. B. Sarkar (1971–1972) and M. Long (2014) offer digests of research up to their dates of publication as well as translations into English (Long only of the Sanskrit portion of the text) but no original text editions. This digital edition has been prepared from the available visual documentation and with systematic collation only of the reading published by De Casparis.

Primary

[B] Brandes, Jan Laurens Andries and Nicolaas Johannes Krom. 1913. Oud-Javaansche Oorkonden: Nagelaten transcripties. Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen 60 (parts 1 and 2). Batavia; 's-Hage: Albrecht; Nijhoff. [URL]. Item IV, pages 4–6.

[C] de Casparis, Johannes Gijsbertus. 1950. Inscripties uit de Çailendra-tijd. Prasasti Indonesia 1. Bandung: A.C. Nix & Co. Item III, pages 24–50.

Secondary

Bosch, Frederik David Kan. 1952. “Prasasti Indonesia diterbitkan oleh Djawatan Purbakala Republik Indonesia I: Inscripties uit de Çailendra-tijd.” BKI 108 (2), pp. 191–199. DOI: 10.1163/22134379-90002439. [URL].

Damais, Louis-Charles. 1952. “Études d’épigraphie indonésienne, III: Liste des principales inscriptions datées de l’Indonesie.” BEFEO 46 (1), pp. 1–105. DOI: 10.3406/befeo.1952.5158. [URL]. Part A, item 10, pages 26–27.

Damais, Louis-Charles. 1955. “Études d’épigraphie indonésienne, IV: Discussion de la date des inscriptions.” BEFEO 47, pp. 7–290. DOI: 10.3406/befeo.1955.5406. [URL]. Pages 111–114.

Damais, Louis-Charles. 1968. “Bibliographie indonésienne, XI: Les publications épigraphiques du service archéologique de l'Indonésie.” BEFEO 54, pp. 295–521. DOI: 10.3406/befeo.1968.3778. [URL]. Pages 317–331.

Damais, Louis-Charles. 1970. Répertoire onomastique de l'épigraphie javanaise (jusqu'à Pu Siṇḍok Śrī Īśānawikrama Dharmmotuṅgadewa): Étude d'épigraphie indonésienne. Publications de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient 66. Paris: École française d'Extrême-Orient. Page 44, item 32.

Sarkar, Himansu Bhusan. 1971–1972. Corpus of the inscriptions of Java (Corpus inscriptionum Javanicarum), up to 928 A. D. 2 vols. Calcutta: K.L. Mukhopadhyay. Volume I, item X, pages 64–75.

Nakada, Kōzō. 1982. An inventory of the dated inscriptions in Java. Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko 40. Tokyo: Toyo Bunko. Part I, item 13, pages 74–75.

Eade, J. C. and Lars Gislén. 2000. Early Javanese inscriptions: A new dating method. Handbuch der Orientalistik. 3. Abt., Südostasien 10. Leiden: Brill. Pages 122–123.

Long, Mark. 2014. Voices from the mountain: The Śailendra inscriptions discovered in Central Java and the Malay peninsula. Śata-Piṭaka Series 648. New Delhi / Delhi: International Academy of Indian Culture and Aditya Prakashan. Pages 167–212.