Kasugihan (829 Śaka, 907-11-18)

Editors: Wayan Jarrah Sastrawan, Arlo Griffiths.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSIDENKKasugihan.

Language: Old Javanese.

Repository: Nusantara Epigraphy (tfc-nusantara-epigraphy).

Version: (0daa6bf), last modified (f510d28).

Edition

⟨Page 1r⟩ ⟨1r1⟩ <ddandaCrossed> svasti śaka-varṣātīta 829 mărggaśira-māsa, tithī ¿j?⟨d⟩aśamĭ śukla-pakṣa, ma, pa, bu‚ vāra‚ Aśvinī-nakṣatra, varīyān·-yoga, tatkālanikanaṁ vahuta tuṅgu duruṁ makabaihan·, Inanugrahan· Irikanaṁ vanuA⟦n·⟧ ⟨1r2⟩ I kasugihan· de rakryan· kalaṁ buṅkal· dyaḥ manukū kavnaṅaknanyan· sabuñcaṁ-haji‚ maṅasəAkan· Ikanaṁ vahuta pasək-pasək· I rakryān· mavanuA pirak· dhā 1, juru¿ṇ?⟨n⟩iṅ kanayakan· rake hni ⟨1r3⟩ Anak vanuA I vatu-vatu vatak· paga⟨r⟩ vsi, maṁraṁkpi saṁ jalu paṅan· Anak vanuA I saninai vatak· (b)unut·-bunut·, mataṇḍa saṁ siddhatapa Anak vanuA I poḥ kabiku⟨A⟩n· I lḍaṁ‚ juruniṁ lampuran· saṁ pa⟨1r4⟩ḍali Anak vanuA I valakay· vatak valakas·, parujar· saṁ valiṅi A¿ṇ?⟨n⟩ak vanuA I vurakuṁ vatak· limvayan·, juruniṁ vadva rarai saṁ tamvalaṁ Anak vanuA I taṅgalan· vatak· jalinan· juruniṁ kalula ⟨1r5⟩ saṁ ḍaṇu Anak vanuA I sahiḍan· vatak· kilipan·, juruni maṁḍakat· saṁ juna Anak vanuA I kuraṁ pkan· vatak· ¡ś!⟨s⟩irikan·, maṁraṁkpi saṁ khadga Anak vanuA I haji huma vatak· patapān·, manuṅgū ⟨1r6⟩ saṁ mamiḍaiyi Anak vanuA I karihuAn·, Amasaṅakən· saṁ ra kuvu Anak vanuA I vugaṁ vatak· tilimpik·, citralekha saṁ ra vuṅū Anak vanuA I vuru paṅguṁ vatak· manimpi⟨1r7⟩ki, I⟨⟨naṁ⟩⟩səAn· pasək·-pasək· pirak· dhā 5 kinabaihanira, piṅhay· I kalaṅ buṅkal· Irikanaṁ kāla kikin· si jamana‚ manti hyaṁ si samanta, parujar·nya si galuṁ ⟨Page 1v⟩ ⟨1v1⟩ miśra si bahu‚ vahuta maṅuvu si landaṁ muAṁ si hari‚ pihujuṁ si gatā‚ si R̥śi‚ si cuAl· si bisar·‚ rāma I duga-duga tumarima Ikanaṁ surat· prasāsti Irika⟨1v2⟩naṁ kāla gusti si ¿gisuddhi?⟨biśuddhi⟩, parujar· si suvaṁ, rāma maratā si gijñī, muAṁ si tes·‚ si cala‚ si jaluk·‚ samaṅkana kvai¿,?⟨ḥ⟩nikanaṁ rāma tumarima Ikanaṁ prasāsti ⟨1v3⟩ I rakryan· kalaṁ buṅkal·, sākṣī saṁ pamgat· Ayam· təAs· pu ḍapit· Anak vanuA I paṇḍamuAn· vatak· Ayam· təAs· InaṁsəAn· pasak-pasa⟨1v4⟩k· pirak· dhā 2 juru mira-miraḥ pu rayuṁ Anak vanuA I mira-miraḥ vatak· Ayam· təAs· maṁraṁkpi saṁ halaran· pu dh¡ā!⟨a⟩nada Anak banuA I paṇḍamuAn· vatak· ⟨1v5⟩ Ayam· təAs· kapuA InaṁsəAn· pasak-pasak· pirak· dhā 1 sovaṁ-sovaṁ karamān· saṁ hadyan· vahuta hy¿ā?⟨a⟩ṁ makabaihan· pirak· ma 8 kinabaihanira ⟨1v6⟩ nāhan· nimittanyan· mapagəḥ Ikanaṁ vanuA I kasugihan· An· sampun· Inanugrahākən· de rakryan· kalaṁ buṅkal· Irikanaṁ vahuta tuṅgu duruṁ, likhitapātra saṁ va⟨1v7⟩paṁguhan· satahil· Avur· satahil· sama⟨ṁ⟩kana ¡kəm·mitan·!⟨kəmitan·⟩ Ikā rama ¿Itevam·mādi?⟨Ityevamādi⟩ salvir·niṁ nāyaka tan· hanāṅyan·, ⟨1v8⟩ ⟨⟨sava⟩⟩ lena sakerikana p¿a?⟨i⟩rak·dhā 6

Apparatus

⟨1r1⟩ 829 G D ⬦ 849 P • though Poerbatjaraka gives 829 as an alternative. ⟨1r1⟩ tithī ⬦ tithi P G D. ⟨1r1⟩ ¿j?⟨d⟩aśamĭ G ⬦ dasamĭ P D. ⟨1r2⟩ rakryān· ma⊔vanuA ⬦ rakryan· mavanuA P G. ⟨1r2⟩ dhā ⬦ ḍa P G. ⟨1r3⟩ paga⟨r⟩ vsi ⬦ pagar vsi P G. ⟨1r3⟩ (b)unut·-bunut· ⬦ vunut·-bunut· P G. ⟨1r4⟩ vanuA I valakay· ⬦ vanuA I valakas· P G. ⟨1r4⟩ rarai ⬦ rare P G • The taling has a curved vertical stroke to its left which seems to be an alternative version of the -ai diacritic. ⟨1r4⟩ jalinan· G ⬦ dalinan· P. ⟨1r5⟩ sahiḍan· ⬦ satiḍan· P G. ⟨1r5⟩ khadga ⬦ ladga P G. ⟨1r6⟩ vuṅū ⬦ vuṅu P G. ⟨1r7⟩ dhā 5 ⬦ dhā 4 P G. ⟨1r7⟩ galuṁ ⬦ talu P G. ⟨1v1⟩ prasāsti ⬦ praṣāsti P G. ⟨1v2⟩ gijñī ⬦ gijñi P G. ⟨1v2⟩ kvai¿,?⟨ḥ⟩nikanaṁ G ⬦ kvaiḥ, nikanaṁ P. ⟨1v2⟩ prasāsti ⬦ praṣāsti P G. ⟨1v3⟩ sākṣī ⬦ sākṣĭ P G. ⟨1v4⟩ dhā 2 ⬦ ḍā 4 P G. ⟨1v4⟩ dhānada P G ⟨1v4⟩ banuA ⬦ vanuA P G. ⟨1v5⟩ dhā 1 ⬦ ḍā 1 P G. ⟨1v5⟩ hyāṁ ⬦ hyaṁ P G. ⟨1v6⟩ saṁ ⬦ sa P G. ⟨1v7⟩ paṁguhan· ⬦ paguhan· P G • This line and the one below are cramped at the bottom of the place suggesting that the scribe misjudged the space required to conclude the text. Line 1v7 has a left indent equivalent to the space of about 10 akṣaras thus beginning directly under -gəḥ Ikanaṁ (1v6). Line 1v8 is even further indented aligned directly below 1v7 Itevam·mādi salvir·niṁ nā_yaka tan·. ⟨1v7⟩ ¿Itevam·mādi?⟨Ityevamādi⟩ ⬦ Ityavammādi P G. ⟨1v7⟩ salvir·niṁ ⬦ salvir·ni P G. ⟨1v8⟩ ⟨⟨sava⟩⟩ lena ⬦ lena P G • It is unclear whether this string is intended to belong to this line or the one above and its meaning is obscure. ⟨1v8⟩ p¿a?⟨i⟩rak· dhā G ⬦ pirak· ḍā P.

Commentary

This text has some orthographic peculiarities, such as substituting d for j at the beginning of words, e.g. jaśamĭ for daśamī (1r1), jalinan· for dalinan· (1r4, also found in Wanua Tengah III 1v10 and 2r12). The substitution of initial d-/j- is found in elsewhere in Old Javanese inscriptions of this period, such as jari, jarīya and jinaryyakən· for standard dadi, dadya and dinadyakən· (cf. Rumwiga 1v10, Dalinan 1v7, Kinewu lines 7 and 10).

This substitution draws attention to the fact that many Javanese words with d- have cognates with j- in other Western Indonesian languages, e.g. comparing with Malay: jauh for doh “far”, jarum for dom “needle”, jərami for dami “rice stalk”. All of these reflect Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *z, which suggests a transition from the areal /j/ phoneme to the more distinctively Javanese /d/ in the Old Javanese language of this period (though dialectal variation may also be involved). In the case of this inscription, the d-/j- substitution even affects non-Austronesian loanwords like daśamī.

Bibliography

Primary

[P] Poerbatjaraka, R. Ng. 1922. “Transcriptie van een koperen plaat in het Museum te Solo.” OV (Bijlage L), p. 85.

[G] Goris, Roelof. 1928. “De Oud-Javaansche inscripties uit het Sri-Wedari-Museum te Soerakarta.” OV (Bijlage B), pp. 63–70. Pages 65–66.

[D] Damais, Louis-Charles. 1955. “Études d’épigraphie indonésienne, IV: Discussion de la date des inscriptions.” BEFEO 47, pp. 7–290. DOI: 10.3406/befeo.1955.5406. [URL]. Page 48.