Disunuh (709 Śaka)

Author of digital edition: Arlo Griffiths (argr).

Palaeographic description: Script characteristic of the 8th century CE, with superposed virāma signs.

Language: Old Javanese (kaw).

Version: 2025-09-02 12:08 (cacef68), last modified 2025-09-02 12:08 (cacef68).

Edition

⟨3⟩ || svasti śaka-varṣātīta
⟨4⟩ 709 caitra-māsa ṣaṣṭi kr̥ṣṇa-pakṣa
⟨5⟩ śukra-vāra vurukuṁ pon· tatkāla ḍaṁ karayān·
⟨6⟩ [**]śr̥(ī) senāpati, mamulaṁṅa(ka)n sīma ḍi vanva I
⟨7⟩ ḍisunuḥ ḍaṁ karayān· humaṇḍiṁ ḍa punta tīs· mahāla[*] ḍisu-
⟨8⟩ nuḥ ḍaṁ karayān· vakka saṁ ḍa nuI, ḍisunuḥ ḍa punta maṁṅuhu[r]i
⟨9⟩ ḍa punta tīra, ḍisunuḥ ḍaṁ tiruAn· (saṁ) galaha, saṁ
⟨10⟩ ḍisunuḥ ḍa punta rāja⊔siṁhĭ(ś)varaḥ
⟨11⟩ saṁ vayur· saṁ pravalā nāma,
⟨12⟩ manurat·
⟨1⟩ bhagavān tat(ā)[*] (ḍa)[ṁ]
⟨2⟩ (ka)rayān· (sva)⊓(sthā) năma

Apparatus

⟨6⟩ śr̥(ī) senāpati SP ⬦ śr̥ī rānāpati GS • For other examples, from South and Southeast Asia, of the redundant spelling r̥ī for rī, see Griffiths et al. 2017, p. 78, n. 83. — ⟨6⟩ vanva SP ⬦ vunva GS • Below the consonant v one at first sight seems to find an unexpected suku, but on closer inspection it turns out to be an accidental scratch.

⟨7⟩ ḍisunuḥ SP ⬦ ḍisuruḥ GS • Throughout the text, Goenawan Sambodo reads the toponym ḍisunuḥ as ḍisuruḥ. — ⟨7⟩ humaṇḍiṁ SP ⬦ hamaḍraṁ GS • Below the cluster ṇḍ one at first sight seems to find an unexpected cakra, but on closer inspection it turns out to be an accidental scratch. — ⟨7⟩ ḍa nuI, ḍisunuḥ ⬦ ḍanu¿I,?⟨, I⟩ ḍisunuḥ SP; ḍa nuI, ḍisuruḥ GS • In SP, our emendation of ḍa nuI, to ḍanu⟨, I⟩ was based on the belief that I had to be a preposition and that the punctuation sign had to come before it. We now understand that we have the element ḍa nuI as equivalent for what is spelt ra nuI in other inscriptions (Damais 1970, p. 169), and hence withdraw the emendation. — ⟨7⟩ mahāla[1×] ⬦ mahāla(kṣma) SP; mahālaka GS.

⟨10⟩ rāja⊔siṁhĭ(ś)varaḥ ⬦ rāja⊔siṁh(eś)varaḥ SP; rāja laṁligvaraḥ GS • Although from the Sanskrit point of view, one would expect the name to end in -siṁheśvaraḥ, what is engraved is clearly vowel i and not e. In South Indian epigraphy, one rather commonly finds analogous cases of īśvara for expected eśvara. For instance, the famous temple founded at the beginning of the 11th century by Rājarāja I Cōḻa in Tanjore is regularly named Rājarājīśvara, not Rājarājeśvara, in its epigraphical corpus (Hultzsch 1891).

Translation

Hail! Elapsed Śaka year 709, month of Caitra, sixth (tithi) of the waning fortnight, Friday, Vurukuṅ, Pon. That was when the lord (ḍaṅ karayān) [2+]śrī, the army commander (senāpati), restored sīma (status) to the village of Ḍisunuh for the lord of Humaṇḍiṅ, (namely) ḍa punta Tīs. Those who mahāla[1×] were called:

[at] Ḍisunuh, the lord of Vəka (called) saṅ ḍa Nui
[at] Ḍisunuh, ḍa punta Maṅuhuri [and] ḍa punta Tīra
[at] Ḍisunuh, ḍa Tiruan (called) saṅ Galaha
the Ḍisunuh (called) ḍa punta Rājasiṅhīśvarah
saṅ Vayur [and] saṅ Pravalā

The ones who wrote were called: bhagavān Tatā[…] [and] lord Svasthā.

Commentary

Lines 1 and 2 were clearly not planned initially to be placed where they are, as intrusion from the ascenders of varṣātīta proves. They need to be read after line 12. The engraver moved back to the top when he ran out of space at the bottom of the stone. The text therefore begins on line 3 and ends on line 2. The misreading of the segment śr̥(ī) senāpati in line 6 in the initial reading by Goenawan Sambodo has led to the inscription becoming known under the name Sri Ranapati.

Bibliography

First edited and informally published by Goenawan Sambodo. The text, re-edited here by Arlo Griffiths from photogrammetry made in 2023 by Adeline Levivier, was initially published with Indonesian translation in Titi Surti Nastiti et al. 2024, upon which publication we are now (2025) able to make some corrections.

Primary

[GS] Goenawan A. Sambodo. 2018. “Kajian Singkat Prasasti Śrī Rānāpati.” Yogyakarta. [URL].

[SP] Titi Surti Nastiti, Churmatin Nasoichah, Andri Restiyadi, Hedwi Prihatmoko, Arlo Griffiths, Wayan Jarrah Sastrawan, Adeline Levivier and Tyassanti Kusumo Dewanti. 2024. Survei prasasti zaman Hindu-Buddha di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dan Provinsi Jawa Tengah, tahun 2023. Jakarta: KPG (Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia); Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN), Organisasi Riset Arkeologi, Bahasa dan Sastra; École française d'Extrême-Orient. [URL]. Section 2.3.10, pages 73–75.

Display Options Word Wrap Line Numbers Comments Processing Instructions

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<lb n="3"/><g type="ddanda"/> svasti śaka-varṣātīta

<lb n="4"/><num value="709">709</num> caitra-māsa ṣaṣṭi kr̥ṣṇa-pakṣa

<lb n="5"/>śukra-vāra vurukuṁ pon· tatkāla ḍaṁ karayān·

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<lb n="9"/>ḍa punta tīra, ḍisunuḥ ḍaṁ tiruAn· <unclear>saṁ</unclear> galaha, saṁ

<lb n="10"/>ḍisunuḥ ḍa punta rāja<space type="descender"/>siṁhĭ<unclear>ś</unclear>varaḥ

<lb n="11"/>saṁ vayur· saṁ pravalā nāma,

<lb n="12"/>manurat·

<lb n="1"/>bhagavān tat<unclear>ā</unclear><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/> <unclear reason="eccentric_ductus">ḍa</unclear><supplied reason="lost">ṁ</supplied>

<lb n="2"/><unclear>ka</unclear>rayān· <unclear>sva</unclear><space type="ascender" quantity="2" unit="character"/><unclear>sthā</unclear> năma

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<lem source="bib:TitiSurtiNastiti+al2024_01">śr̥<unclear>ī</unclear> senāpati</lem>

<rdg source="bib:GoenawanASambodo2018_02">śr̥ī rānāpati</rdg>

<note>For other examples, from South and Southeast Asia, of the redundant spelling <foreign>r̥ī</foreign> for <foreign>rī</foreign>, see <bibl><ptr target="bib:Griffiths+al2017_01"/><citedRange unit="page">78</citedRange><citedRange unit="note">83</citedRange></bibl>.</note>

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<lem source="bib:TitiSurtiNastiti+al2024_01">vanva</lem>

<rdg source="bib:GoenawanASambodo2018_02">vunva</rdg>

<note>Below the consonant <foreign>v</foreign> one at first sight seems to find an unexpected <foreign>suku</foreign>, but on closer inspection it turns out to be an accidental scratch.</note>

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<lem source="bib:TitiSurtiNastiti+al2024_01">ḍisunuḥ</lem>

<rdg source="bib:GoenawanASambodo2018_02">ḍisuruḥ</rdg>

<note>Throughout the text, Goenawan Sambodo reads the toponym <foreign>ḍisunuḥ</foreign> as <foreign>ḍisuruḥ</foreign>.</note>

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<lem source="bib:TitiSurtiNastiti+al2024_01">humaṇḍiṁ</lem>

<rdg source="bib:GoenawanASambodo2018_02">hamaḍraṁ</rdg>

<note>Below the cluster <foreign>ṇḍ</foreign> one at first sight seems to find an unexpected <foreign>cakra</foreign>, but on closer inspection it turns out to be an accidental scratch.</note>

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<lem>ḍa nuI, ḍisunuḥ</lem>

<rdg source="bib:TitiSurtiNastiti+al2024_01">ḍanu<choice><sic> I,</sic><corr>, I</corr></choice> ḍisunuḥ</rdg>

<rdg source="bib:GoenawanASambodo2018_02">ḍa nuI, ḍisuruḥ</rdg>

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<rdg source="bib:TitiSurtiNastiti+al2024_01">mahāla<unclear>kṣma</unclear></rdg>

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<rdg source="bib:GoenawanASambodo2018_02">rāja laṁligvaraḥ</rdg>

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<p>Hail! Elapsed Śaka year 709, month of Caitra, sixth <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tithi</foreign></supplied> of the waning fortnight, Friday, Vurukuṅ, Pon. That was when the lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ḍaṅ karayān</foreign></supplied> <gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/>śrī, the army commander <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>senāpati</foreign></supplied>, restored <foreign>sīma</foreign> <supplied reason="explanation">status</supplied> to the village of Ḍisunuh for the lord of Humaṇḍiṅ, <supplied reason="explanation">namely</supplied> <foreign>ḍa punta</foreign> Tīs. Those who <foreign>mahāla</foreign><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/> were called:

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<item><supplied reason="subaudible">at</supplied> Ḍisunuh, the lord of Vəka <supplied reason="explanation">called</supplied> <foreign>saṅ ḍa</foreign> Nui</item>

<item><supplied reason="subaudible">at</supplied> Ḍisunuh, <foreign>ḍa punta</foreign> Maṅuhuri <supplied reason="subaudible">and</supplied> <foreign>ḍa punta</foreign> Tīra</item>

<item><supplied reason="subaudible">at</supplied> Ḍisunuh, <foreign>ḍa</foreign> Tiruan <supplied reason="explanation">called</supplied> <foreign>saṅ</foreign> Galaha</item>

<item>the Ḍisunuh <supplied reason="explanation">called</supplied> <foreign>ḍa punta</foreign> Rājasiṅhīśvarah</item>

<item><foreign>saṅ</foreign> Vayur <supplied reason="subaudible">and</supplied> <foreign>saṅ</foreign> Pravalā </item></list>

The ones who wrote were called: <foreign>bhagavān</foreign> Tatā<gap reason="lost"/> <supplied reason="subaudible">and</supplied> lord Svasthā.</p>

<!-- old version

<p>Hail! Elapsed Śaka year 709, month of Caitra, sixth <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tithi</foreign></supplied> of the waning fortnight, Friday, Vurukuṅ, Pon. That was when the Lord <gap reason="lost"/>śrī was army commander <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>senāpati</foreign></supplied>.</p>

<p>Those who restored the <foreign>sīma</foreign> <supplied reason="explanation">status</supplied> to the village of Ḍisunuh were called:

<list>

<item>the lord of Humaṇḍiṅ <supplied reason="explanation">called</supplied> <foreign>ḍa punta</foreign> Tīs, <foreign>mahālakṣma</foreign> (?) of Ḍisunuh</item>

<item>the lord of Vəka <supplied reason="explanation">called</supplied> <foreign>saṅ</foreign> Ḍanu</item>

<item><supplied reason="subaudible">the lord</supplied> of Ḍisunuh <supplied reason="explanation">called</supplied> <foreign>ḍa punta</foreign> Maṅuhuri </item>

<item><foreign>ḍa punta</foreign> Tīra of Ḍisunuh</item>

<item>the Tiruan <supplied reason="explanation">called</supplied> <foreign>saṅ</foreign> Galaha</item>

<item>the Ḍisunuh <supplied reason="explanation">called</supplied> <foreign>ḍa punta</foreign> Rājasiṅheśvarah</item>

<item><foreign>saṅ</foreign> Vayur</item>

<item><foreign>saṅ</foreign> Pravalā </item>

</list></p>

<p>The ones who wrote were called: <foreign>bhagavān</foreign> Tatā<gap reason="illegible"/> <supplied reason="subaudible">and</supplied> Lord Svasthā.</p>-->

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<p>Lines 1 and 2 were clearly not planned initially to be placed where they are, as intrusion from the ascenders of <foreign>varṣātīta</foreign> proves. They need to be read after line 12. The engraver moved back to the top when he ran out of space at the bottom of the stone. The text therefore begins on line 3 and ends on line 2. The misreading of the segment <foreign>śr̥<unclear>ī</unclear> senāpati</foreign> in line 6 in the initial reading by Goenawan Sambodo has led to the inscription becoming known under the name Sri Ranapati.</p>

</div>

<p>First edited and informally published by Goenawan Sambodo. The text, re-edited here by Arlo Griffiths from photogrammetry made in 2023 by Adeline Levivier, was initially published with Indonesian translation in <bibl><ptr target="bib:TitiSurtiNastiti+al2024_01"/></bibl>, upon which publication we are now (2025) able to make some corrections.</p>

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