Malhār Plates of Śūrabala, Year 8

Editor: Natasja Bosma.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSDaksinaKosala00020.

Hand description:

Language: Sanskrit.

Repository: Dakṣiṇa Kosala (tfb-daksinakosala-epigraphy).

Version: (048a990), last modified (f94ae3a).

Edition

Seal

(śrīpuruṣaḥ)

Plates

⟨Page 1r⟩

⟨Page 1v⟩ ⟨1v1⟩ @ svasty aparimitaguṇasamudayasya bhagavatas t¿ṛ?⟨ri⟩śūlapāṇer vva⟨1v2⟩ravṛṣabhavāhanasya sphuradbhujagaparikarasyānaṅgāṅgavidhva¡t!⟨ṁ⟩sinaḥ ⟨1v3⟩ t¿ṛ?⟨ri⟩daśapatinutacaraṇā{ṁ}bjayugalasya śrījayeśvarabhaṭṭārakasye⟨1v4⟩¡v!⟨d⟩aṁ śāsanaṁ{ḥ} likhyate śrī-Udīrṇṇavairānumatyayā~ tataḥ

I. Sragdharā

Ā⟨1v5⟩sīd yaḥ pāṇḍavānā¡ḥ!⟨ṁ⟩ suvim¿i?⟨a⟩layaś⟦ā⟧⟨⟨a⟩⟩sām anvaye bhūridhāmnāṁ

a

⟨1v6⟩ rājābhū¡t!⟨n⟩ mekalāyāṁ{ḥ} kṣitipatitilakaḥ saṁprasūtorukī⟨1v7⟩rttiḥ

b

śrīmā¡ṁ!⟨n⟩ śrīsaṁvidhātā jayabala Iti yaḥ khyāpyate s¡ya!⟨vai⟩r yya⟨1v8⟩śobhi⟨r⟩

c

llokesmi¡ṁ!⟨n⟩ sarvvadaiva pravaraguṇagaṇāla{ṁ}ṅkṛtaś cārumū⟨r⟩tti⟨ḥ⟩

d
II. Sragdharā

⟨1v9⟩ tasyāsīd vatsarājaḥ svabhujabalaguṇāk{k}rāntaśatrupratāpa⟨ḥ⟩

a

⟨1v10⟩ śrīmā⟨n⟩ vatsādhipeva kṣitipatitilako vatsarājaḥ kṣitīśa⟨ḥ⟩

b

⟨1v11⟩ putra⟨ḥ⟩ sadva¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩śaketur mmaṇir iva sumahān unnataḥ śrīniketaḥ

c

⟨Page 2r⟩ ⟨2r1⟩ keyūrodbhāsitāt saḥ sphuritamaṇirucā cārup¿i?⟨ī⟩norubāhuḥ

d

⟨2r2⟩ tasya putras tatpādānudhyāt{t}aḥ paramamāheśvaraḥ paramabrahmaṇya⟨ḥ⟩ ⟨2r3⟩ paramagurudevatādhidaivataviśeṣaḥ śrīmā¡ṁ!⟨n⟩ śrīmatyāṁ devyā⟨ṁ⟩ droṇabha⟨2r4⟩ṭṭārikāyām utpannaḥ śrīmahārāj¿ā?⟨a⟩nāgabalaḥ

III. Upajāti

nāgai(ḥ) kṣaratpra⟨2r5⟩srutadānagaṇḍaiḥ

a

bhramatpatākākulitāntarāl¿a?⟨ai⟩

b

sainya(ṁ)⟨2r6⟩sphura{ḥ}cchastrarucā par¿i?⟨ī⟩taṁ

c

virājate yasya raṇāg⟨r⟩yabhūmau

d

⟨2r7⟩ tata{(ḥ)}s tasya putras tatp¿a?⟨ā⟩dānudhy¿a?⟨ā⟩taḥ paramamāheśvaraḥ ⟨2r8⟩ paramabrahmaṇyaḥ paramagurudevatādhidaivataviśeṣa⟨ḥ⟩ ⟨2r9⟩ śrīmā¡ṁ!⟨n⟩ śrīmatyāṁ devyām indrabhaṭṭārikāyām utpannaḥ śrī⟨2r10⟩mahārājabharataḥ

IV. Indravajrā

Indro dayāśīlaguṇānvitā⟨2r11⟩

a

AUdāryyacāturyyasamanvitāyāḥ

b

putra⟨ḥ⟩ ⟨Page 2v⟩ ⟨2v1⟩ prasūto malacārukāntiḥ

c

ś¿i?⟨ai⟩lendraputryā Iva kā⟨r⟩ttikeya⟨ḥ⟩

d
V. Mālinī

daśara⟨2v2⟩thakulaja¡t!⟨n⟩mād rāghavasyānujobhū-

a

d bharata Iti samantād g¿i?⟨ī⟩yate ya⟨ḥ⟩ ⟨2v3⟩ kṣitīśaiḥ

b

tadanu guṇagaṇo ’pi praśrayānamramūrtti-

c

r bharatanṛpat¿e?⟨i⟩⟨2v4⟩r asmi¡bh!⟨n⟩ bhūtal¿a?⟨e⟩nduprakāśaḥ

d

tasya putras tatpādānudhyātaḥ paramamāheśva ⟨2v5⟩ raḥ paramabrahmaṇyaḥ paramagur¿a?⟨u⟩devatādhidaivataviśeṣaḥ śrīmā¡ṁ!⟨n⟩ śrī ⟨2v6⟩ matyāṁ mah¿a?⟨ā⟩devyām utpanna⟨ḥ⟩ śrīmahārājaśūrabalaḥ

VI. Sragdharā

śrīmaccandrā¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩śu⟨2v7⟩kīrtter bharatabalanṛpasyottamā rājapatnī

a

jātā yā kosalāyā⟨2v8⟩m amarajakulajā⟨ṁ⟩ kīrttim uccair ddadhānā~

b

śaśvaddharmmādhikāraprativi⟨2v9⟩hitata¡y!⟨m⟩ātīva lok¿ā?⟨a⟩prakāśā

c

yātā{ḥ} p¿u?⟨au⟩trai⟨ḥ⟩ prapautrair nnayavina⟨2v10⟩yaratai rājasi¡ṅgh!⟨ṁh⟩aiḥ pratiṣṭāṁ

d
VII. Sragdharā

yo ’sau saṁpūrṇaśaktitrayavini⟨2v11⟩patitānekasāmantamūrddha-

a

pro¡ṅ!⟨d⟩gh¿ra?⟨ṛ⟩ṣṭotphul⟨l⟩apadmadyuticalana¡yatā!⟨yugā⟩⟨2v12⟩k{k}rāntadikcak{k}ravālaḥ

b

saumyaḥ somasya va¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩śaḥ prabhava Iti jan¿e?⟨ai⟩⟨ḥ⟩ ⟨2v13⟩ kīrtyate yasya ⟨Page 3r⟩ ⟨3r1⟩ coc⟨c⟩ai⟨ḥ⟩ saḥ śrīmā¡ṁ!⟨n⟩

c

saṁ¡v!⟨b⟩abhūv¿a?⟨ā⟩pratimaguṇagaṇ¿a?⟨o⟩dīrṇṇavairo narendraḥ

d

tataḥ me⟨3r2⟩kalāyāṁ dakṣiṇarāṣṭre sa{ṁ}ṅgamagrāmake grāmakūṭapramukhā¡ṁ!⟨n⟩ nāyaka⟨3r3⟩pramukhāṁ⟨ś⟩ ca grāmaṁ samājñāpayati

viditam a¡ts!⟨st⟩u vo ’¡msā!⟨smā⟩bhir aya⟨ṁ⟩ grāmaḥ⟨3r4⟩sodraṅgaḥ soparikaraḥ ¿Ā?⟨A⟩cāṭabhaṭapraveś¡ī!⟨śyaḥ⟩ sanidhi⟨ḥ⟩ sopanidhiḥ cora⟨3r5⟩daṇḍavarjjitaḥ catuḥs¿i?⟨ī⟩māparyyantaḥ Ācandrārkakṣititārakānirodhena mā⟨3r6⟩tāpitr¿ā?⟨o⟩r ātmanaś ca puṇyābhivṛddhaye yatra vaṇikamanorathapautrasya bo⟨3r7⟩ṭaputrasya narasi¡ṅgh!⟨ṁh⟩asya prasādīkṛtas tad anenāpy asmadanumatyā bha⟨3r8⟩gavataḥ śrījayeśvarabhaṭṭārakasya pratipādit¡e!⟨a I⟩ty

avagamya yad ucitam upanayana⟨3r9⟩sukhaṁ prativatsyatheti svayam ājñāpan¿a?⟨ā⟩ ye cāsmadva¡ṅg!⟨ṁ⟩⟨ś⟩e samu⟨t⟩padyante rājānas tair apī⟨3r10⟩yaṁ dattir anumodanīyānu{t}pālanīyā ca yaś c¿ai?⟨e⟩māṁ dattiṁ vilopam āpādayiṣya⟨3r11⟩ti sa pañcabhir mmahāpātakaiḥ sa⟨ṁ⟩yukta⟨ḥ⟩ sy¿a?⟨ā⟩T

VIII. Anuṣṭubh

bahubhir vvasudh¿a?⟨ā⟩ bhuktā rāj¿ā?⟨a⟩bhi⟨ḥ⟩ sa⟨3r12⟩garādi¡d!⟨bh⟩iḥ

ab

yasya yasya yadā bhūmis tasya tasya tadā phala⟨ṁ⟩

cd
IX. Anuṣṭubh

ṣaṣṭi⟨3r13⟩varṣasahasrāṇi svargge modati bhūm¿o?⟨i⟩daḥ

ab

Ācchettā cānumantā ca tā⟨3r14⟩ny eva narake vase¡d!⟨T⟩

cd

¡i!⟨I⟩ti

samāptañ cedaṁ śāsana⟨ṁ⟩⟨Page 3v⟩ ⟨3v1⟩ pravarddhamān¿ā?⟨a⟩vijayarājyasa⟨ṁ⟩vatsare ’ṣṭame kārttikakṛ⟨3v2⟩ṣṇapakṣ¿e?⟨ai⟩kādaśyā⟨ṁ⟩ pūrvvaphālguṇyāṁ budhadineneti likhita⟨3v3⟩ñ cedaṁ śāsanaṁ śivenotk¿i?⟨ī⟩rṇṇañ ca m¿a?⟨i⟩hirakeneti

Apparatus

⟨1v3⟩ °caraṇā{ṁ}bja° ⬦ °caraṇābja° SS; °caraṇā{ṁ}bja° AMS.

⟨1v8⟩ llokesmi¡ṁ!⟨n⟩llokeśmi¡ṁ!⟨n⟩ SS; llokesmi¡ṁ!⟨n⟩ AMS. — ⟨1v8⟩ °āla{ṁ}ṅkṛtaś ⬦ °ālaṅkṛtaś SS; °āla{ṁ}ṅkṛtaś AMS. — ⟨1v8⟩ cārumū⟨r⟩tti⟨ḥ⟩cārumūrtti⟨ḥ⟩ SS; cārumū⟨r⟩tti⟨ḥ⟩ AMS.

⟨1v11⟩ putra⟨ḥ⟩putra⟨ḥ⟩ SS; putta⟨ḥ⟩ AMS.

⟨2r1⟩ °p¿i?⟨ī⟩no° ⬦ °pīno° SS; °p¿i?⟨ī⟩no° AMS.

⟨2r2⟩ putras ⬦ putras SS; puttas AMS.

⟨2r3⟩ śrīmā¡ṁ!⟨n⟩ śrīmatyāṁ ⬦ śrīmā¡d!⟨n⟩ śrimatyāṁ SS; śrīmā¡ṁ!⟨n⟩ śrīmatyāṁ AMS.

⟨2r4⟩ °mahārāj¿ā?⟨a⟩° ⬦ °mahārāja° SS; °mahārāj¿ā?⟨a⟩° AMS.

⟨2r7⟩ putras ⬦ putras SS; puttas AMS.

⟨2r9⟩ indra° ⬦ indra° SS; indrā° AMS.

⟨2r11⟩ °samanvitāyāḥ ⬦ °samanvitāyaḥ SS; °samanvitāyāḥ AMS. — ⟨2r11⟩ putra⟨ḥ⟩putra⟨ḥ⟩ SS; putta⟨ḥ⟩ AMS.

⟨2v2⟩ g¿i?⟨ī⟩yate ⬦ gīyate SS; g¿i?⟨ī⟩yate AMS.

⟨2v4⟩ asmi¡bh!⟨n⟩ bhūtal¿a?⟨e⟩° ⬦ asmi¡bh!⟨n⟩ bhūtale° SS; asmi¡m!⟨n⟩ bhūtal¿a?⟨e⟩° AMS. — ⟨2v4⟩ putras ⬦ putras SS; puttas AMS.

⟨2v8⟩ amaraja° ⬦ amaraja° SS; amarajā° AMS.

⟨2v9⟩ yātā{ḥ} p¿u?⟨au⟩trai⟨ḥ⟩yāta{ḥ} putrai¡h!⟨ḥ⟩ SS; yātā{ḥ} puttai⟨ḥ⟩ AMS.

⟨2v10⟩ pratiṣṭāṁ ⬦ pratiṣṭ¿a?⟨ā⟩ SS; pratiṣṭāṁ AMS.

⟨2v12⟩ jan¿e?⟨ai⟩⟨ḥ⟩jan¿ī?⟨ai⟩⟨ḥ⟩ SS; jan¿e?⟨ai⟩⟨ḥ⟩ AMS.

⟨3r5⟩ °s¿i?⟨ī⟩mā° ⬦ °sīmā° SS; °s¿i?⟨ī⟩mā° AMS.

⟨3r6⟩ °ābhivṛddhaye ⬦ °ābhivṛddhaya SS; °ābhivṛddhaye AMS.

⟨3r10⟩ c¿ai?⟨e⟩māṁ ⬦ c¿ai?⟨e⟩maṁ SS; c¿ai?⟨e⟩māṁ AMS. — ⟨3r10⟩ vilopam āpādayiṣya ⬦ vilopenāpādayiṣya SS; vilopam āpādayiṣya AMS.

⟨3r11⟩ vvasudh¿a?⟨ā⟩vvasudhā SS; vvasudh¿a?⟨ā⟩ AMS. — ⟨3r11⟩ rāj¿ā?⟨a⟩bhi⟨ḥ⟩ sa⟨3r12⟩garādi¡d!⟨bh⟩iḥ ⬦ rājābhi(ḥ)⟨3r12⟩garādi¡d!⟨bh⟩iḥ SS; rājabhi⟨s⟩ sa⟨3r12⟩garādi¡d!⟨bh⟩iḥ AMS.

⟨3r12⟩ phala⟨ṁ⟩phalaṁ SS; phala⟨ṁ⟩ AMS.

⟨3v2⟩ °¿e?⟨ai⟩kādaśyā⟨ṁ⟩°¿e?⟨ai⟩kādaśyāṁ SS; °¿e?⟨ai⟩kādaśyā⟨ṁ⟩ AMS. — ⟨3v2⟩ pūrvva° ⬦ pūrvva° SS; pūrv¡b!⟨v⟩ AMS.

⟨3v3⟩ °otk¿i?⟨ī⟩rṇṇañ ⬦ °otkīrṇṇañ SS; °otk¿i?⟨ī⟩rṇṇañ AMS.

Translation by Natasja Bosma

(1v1–1v4) Success! Hail! This charter of the illustrious Jayeśvara-bhaṭṭāraka (i.e. Śiva), the god who is furnished with unlimited qualities; who carries the trident in his hand; who has an excellent bull for his vehicle and quivering snakes for his retinue; who destroyed the body of Kāma; and whose pair of lotus-like feet are praised by the Lord of the gods (Indra) is written with the permission of the illustrious Udīrṇavaira (i.e. Śūrabala). Consequently;

1v4–1v8
There was in the lineage of the Pāṇḍavas, who are of flawless glory and possess great splendour, a king of Mekalā who was an ornament among kings and whose fame was widely known; who was illustrious and a disposer of fortune; who was decorated with a multitude of most excellent qualities; whose appearance was handsome; and who, by his own glorious deeds, was well-known in this world for all times as Jayabala!
1v9–2r1
His son was the illustrious Vatsarāja, the glory of whose enemies was attacked by his virtues and the power of his arms; who was an ornament among kings like king Vatsarāja the king of Vatsa; the banner of a noble race; a jewel like a huge prominent lotus-flower; whose large and muscular arms were glowing through the lustre of the sparkling jewels from his ornamented armlets.

(2r2–2r4) His (i.e. Vatsarāja’s) son — who was favoured by him (i.e. his respected father), who was entirely devoted to Śiva, who was the foremost patron of brahmins, the distinguished one who was entirely devoted to his teacher/elders and deities – was the illustrious mahārāja Nāgabala, born from the illustrious queen Droṇabhaṭṭārikā.

2r4–2r6
He whose army – surrounded by the glittering of flashing weapons, with elephants that have their temples moist with the flow of rut-fluid and the space in between [their temples] filled with fluttering banners – shines on the van of the battlefield.

(2r7–2r10) After him, his (i.e. Nāgabala’s) son – who was favoured by him (i.e. his respected father), who was entirely devoted to Śiva, who was the foremost patron of brahmins, the distinguished one who was entirely devoted to his teacher/elders and deities – was the illustrious mahārāja Bharata, born from the illustrious queen Indrabhaṭṭārikā.

2r10–2v1
Like Kārttikeya to Śailendraputrī, to her (i.e. Indrabhaṭṭārikā) – who possessed the virtues of compassion and integrity, and who was fully endowed with generosity and amiability – was born a son, Indra, whose beauty was spotless and lovely.
2v1–2v4
King Bharata, whose fame [spread wide and far], like the moon [illuminating] the face of the earth; who was the embodiment of propitiousness and modesty, along with many more good qualities; who was glorified by kings everywhere, as was Bharata, the younger brother of Rāghava and born in the family of Daśaratha.

(2v4–2v6) His (i.e. Bharatabala’s) son – who was favoured by him (i.e. his respected father), who was entirely devoted to Śiva, who was the foremost patron of brahmins, the distinguished one who was entirely devoted to his teacher/elders and deities – was the illustrious mahārāja Śūrabala, born from the illustrious chief queen (Mahādevī).

2v6–2v10
Peerless, the chief queen of king Bharatabala, whose fame resembles the illustrious rays of the moon! She, being born in Kosalā and holding high the fame of the family descending from Amara, and being very much the Lustre of the World (Lokaprakāsā), by whom darkness has been counteracted by continuous meritorious acts, she has attained pre-eminence [owing to] her grandsons and great-grandsons, princes like lions, devoted to good policy and conduct.
2v10–3r1
He who overcame all regions with his pair of feet, having the splendour of a full-blown lotus flower, that were touched by the heads of many feudatory chiefs paying homage to the threefold powers with which he was endowed: That illustrious king is Udīrṇavaira, whose numerous good qualities are unparalleled and whose birth is celebrated by people highly [with the words]: The famous Lunar Race, belonging to the moon!

(3r1–3r3) He (i.e., Śūrabala Udīrṇavaira) issues [the following command] to the collective inhabitants of the village of Saṅgama in the Dakṣiṇa rāṣṭra of Mekalā, headed by the village headmen (grāmakūṭa) and the military officers(nāyaka):

(3r3–3r8) Let it be known to you that for the increase of religious merit of father, mother, and ourselves, this village extending to its four boundaries has been graciously granted by us to Narasiṁha, son of Boṭa and grandson of the merchant (vaṇik) Manoratha; and by him, also with our permission, that [village] has been granted to the illustrious god Jayeśvarabhaṭṭāraka. [The grant of the village comes] along with [the right to] tax on permanent and temporary tenants, [the right] not to be entered by irregular or regular troops, and [the right to] hidden treasures and deposits, with the exception of the fines imposed on thieves, and is to be enjoyed as long as the moon, the sun, the earth, and the stars will endure.

(3r8–3r11) Knowing this, you should live happily [in this village], while rendering the proper shares [of periodical offerings and produce]. This grant [was issued] by my own order and those kings who will be born in our family should also protect it and consent to it! And whoever will cause the obstruction of [the enjoyment of] this gift, he will bring upon himself [the guilt of] the five great sins!

3r11–3r12
The earth has been enjoyed by many kings, beginning with Sagara: Whoever possesses the land at any time, to him belong the fruits at that time!
3r12–3r14
A giver of land dwells in heaven for sixty thousand years; he who confiscates it or allows [another to confiscate it] will dwell for the same period in hell!

(3r14–3v3) This charter has been completed in the eighth year of the increasingly victorious reign (i.e., of Śūrabala Udīrṇavaira), on the eleventh [day] of the dark fortnight of the month of Kārttika, when the nakṣatra was Pūrva-phālguṇī, on a Wednesday; and this charter has been written by Śiva; and has been engraved by Mihiraka.

Commentary

Bibliography

First edited by Sitaraman and Sharma 1977 from the original plates; published again by Shastri 1995, pp. 80–85; re-edited here by Natasja Bosma based on the published photographs.

Primary

[AMS] Shastri, Ajay Mitra. 1995. Inscriptions of the Śarabhapurīyas, Pāṇḍuvaṁśins and Somavaṁśins, Part II: Inscriptions. New Delhi: Indian Council of Historical Research; Motilal Bandarsidass. Pages 80–85.

[SS] Sitaraman, B. and M.J. Sharma. 1977. “Malhar plates of Pāṇḍava king Śūrabala: year 8.” JESI 3, pp. 183–193.

Secondary

Ahmad, Nisar. 1992. “The records of the Pandavas of Mekala: some observations.” JESI 18, pp. 55–61.

Bosma, Natasja. 2018. Dakṣiṇa Kosala: A rich centre of early Śaivism. Groningen: Barkhuis. [URL]. Pages 24–26, 39–40, 53, 64–65, 240–241, 273–277.

Shastri, Ajay Mitra. 1980. “The date of the Bamhani and Mallar plates of Śūrabala Udīrṇavaira.” In: Bhāratī-bhānam = Light of indology: being Dr. K.V. Sarma felicitation volume. Panjab University Indological Series 26. Hoshiarpur: Vishveshvaranand Vishva Bandhu Inst. of Sanskrit and Indolog. Studies, Panjab Univ., pp. 439–443.