Lintel of Prasat Kuk Lvea Ter (K. 1462), 6th century CE
Editor: Kunthea Chhom.
Identifier: DHARMA_INSCIK01462.
Hand description:
The lettering is characteristic of the sixth century CE.
Languages: Old Khmer, Sanskrit.
Repository: Khmer (tfc-khmer-epigraphy).
Version: (9724a0f), last modified (cfb568b).
Edition
I. Śārdūlavikrīḍita
⟨1⟩ ⟨Column a⟩[–––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–](s?) sv[ai]r llakṣaṇair uttamai⟨Column b⟩r
addevo yady api pūrvvam eva vidhivad viprair ayaṁ sthāpita(ḥ)
b⟨2⟩ ⟨Column a⟩[–––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑––]ṅ sthāpito ’bhyarccina⟨Column b⟩s
ctena prīty-amr̥taṁ pived a(mara)[pa](s) tat-kārako bhojakaḥ
dII. Śārdūlavikrīḍita
⟨3⟩ ⟨Column a⟩[–––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–][svā](m)ī svayaṁ hy āgato
a⟨Column b⟩devendra-pratimo ’py ayaṁ dhr̥ti-guṇād aty-adri-rājo ’pi san·
b⟨4⟩ ⟨Column a⟩[–––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–][prāyu](ṅkta)m āyuḫ-phalam·
c⟨Column b⟩(de)venāpi yadī(d)r̥(ś)a(ṁ) nr̥pa(tinā) ta(syā?)ntara(ṁ da)rśitam· @||
dIII. Śārdūlavikrīḍita
⟨5⟩ ⟨Column a⟩[–––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑––] [(e)(ī)]ha dattam (bha)vet·
a⟨Column b⟩[vi](śle?)ṣaṅ k(a)laśādi copakaraṇaṅ hai(ma)n tathā rājata(ṁ)
b⟨6⟩ ⟨Column a⟩[–––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–––⏑––⏑⏓]
c⟨Column b⟩[–––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–––⏑––⏑⏓]
dIV. Śārdūlavikrīḍita
⟨7⟩ ⟨Column a⟩[–––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–––⏑––⏑]ś ca
a⟨Column b⟩[–––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–––⏑––⏑⏓]
b⟨8⟩ ⟨Column a⟩[–––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–––⏑]yā [–] (śai/śī)la-
c⟨Column b⟩-[–––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–––⏑––⏑⏓]
dV. Śārdūlavikrīḍita
⟨9⟩ ⟨Column a⟩[–––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–––⏑––]la(ye)
a⟨Column b⟩[–––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–––⏑––⏑⏓]
b⟨10⟩ ⟨Column a⟩[–––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–––]s taṭākottamam· @
c⟨Column b⟩yatnāt kār(i)tavān satāṅ katata(ṭa)[ṁ] h(eka?)[⏑––] (sadā) @
dVI. Śārdūlavikrīḍita
⟨11⟩ ⟨Column a⟩[–––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑––][vi](prāya) bhojyaṁ kr̥tam· @
a⟨Column b⟩satraṁ pratyaham atra cāpi vihitaṁ sarvvopabho(gakṣa)[mam·] [@]
b⟨12⟩ ⟨Column a⟩[–––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–––]s saha sthāpi(ta)ḥ @
c⟨Column b⟩satrañ ca svagr̥he ’pi bhojaka-(va)reṇānena saṅyo(j)[itam·] [⏑⏓] [@]
dVII. Śārdūlavikrīḍita
⟨13⟩ ⟨Column a⟩[–––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑–––⏑]m imām sam(padam)· (@)
a⟨Column b⟩kartum bhoktu(m a)haṁ prabhuś ca vividhān bhogān durā[–⏑⏓] [@]
b⟨14⟩ ⟨Column a⟩[–––⏑⏑–⏑–⏑⏑⏑––][a]ṅghri-reṇvā[p](taye) [@]
c⟨Column b⟩niś(ś)eṣam pari(ṇā)mayāmi kuśalan nānā-vidhaṁ sarvva[d](ā) @
d⟨15⟩ […] [.][.]ḥ vraḥ kaṁmratāṅ· Añ· Ai taṅ· vraḥ dik· kñuṁ ley· nau ta saṁ perran· nau ta cap· vnas(·) ° ⟨16⟩ […] p· tar gui cor· tāṅ· Añ· mān· ra gui dhuli jeṅ· vraḥ kaṁmratāṅ· Añ· jaṁ (n?)ā moy· ° ⟨17⟩ […][A]ñ· kloñ· kroṁ vera ta jā ta g(oṁ) ge vi tar· dharmma ge vi voṁ jā bhakti ra kuruṅ· (v)raḥ ° ⟨18⟩ […] rakk(r)a ge vraḥ nnaḥ sin· (s?)rac· ta t(u?) ge ta hau qnak· vraḥ hau vnas· ⟨⟨ple pre⟩⟩ Āy· ley· °
Translation by Kunthea Chhom
I
Although (yady api) this [image of] god […] with his excellent proper characteristics (svair lakṣaṇaiḥ) was installed (sthāpitaḥ) […] before (pūrvvam eva) […] by brahmins (vipraiḥ) according to rule (vidhivad) […] [the image of god/ another god] is established [again?] for worshippers (abhyarccinas) by him. May the maker of that [image] (tatkārakaḥ), the governor/causer of enjoyment (bhojakaḥ) [called] Amarapa drink the nectar of pleasure therefore/with him (tena) […]
II
The Svāmī [Viṣṇu/ Indra?] himself (svayam) came here (āgataḥ) indeed (hi). […] This [god] (ayaṃ) being an extraordinary regal mountain (atyadrirājaḥ), the veritable image of great gods/of Indra (devendrapratimaḥ), because of its quality of fixity (dhr̥tiguṇāt).
III
[…] should be [regarded] as given [to the god] here (iha) […] and utensils such as jars made of gold as well as silver […]
IV
[…]
V
[…] the best reservoir has been built with effort for good people […]
VI
He made (kr̥tam) […] for brahmins (viprāya) for them to use (bhojyam). And he also (cāpi) organised (vihitam) every day (pratyaham) a soup-kitchen (satram) that could be enjoyed by everybody (sarvopabhogakṣamam). […] was installed (sthāpitaḥ) along with (saha) […] by that (anena) most excellent (-vareṇa) governor (bhojaka-), and (ca) a soup-kitchen (satram) was linked with it (saṅyojitam) in his own house as well (svagr̥he ’pi).
VII
I am able to create this profusion and to enjoy various enjoyments that [would be difficult for people to create]. […] in order to obtain the dust of [the deity’s] feet, I transfer/transform for all time the entirety of my merit of various kinds [for the benefit of all beings].
(15–16) […] V.K.A. along the course of the Sacred Water [the Mekong?] and the servants who participate in perran ? , who seize the measured land. […] criticises the thieves [who steal what] Tāṅ Añ has [donated] to the god of Jaṁnā Moy.
(17–18) […]; he who mistakenly criticises the Dharma, [and] is not devoted to the Lord of the gods […]
Bibliography
Edited by Kunthea Chhom, Chhunteng Hun and Sopheaktra Suon (in preperation) with a Khmer translation.
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<p rend="stanza" n="1">Although <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>yady api</foreign></supplied> this <supplied reason="subaudible">image of</supplied> god <gap reason="lost"/> with his excellent proper characteristics <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>svair lakṣaṇaiḥ</foreign></supplied> was installed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>sthāpitaḥ</foreign></supplied> <gap reason="lost"/> before <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>pūrvvam eva</foreign></supplied> <gap reason="lost"/> by brahmins <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>vipraiḥ</foreign></supplied> according to rule <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>vidhivad</foreign></supplied> <gap reason="lost"/> <supplied reason="subaudible">the image of god/ another god</supplied> is established <supplied reason="subaudible" cert="low">again</supplied> for worshippers <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>abhyarccinas</foreign></supplied> by him. May the maker of that <supplied reason="subaudible">image</supplied> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tatkārakaḥ</foreign></supplied>, the governor/causer of enjoyment <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>bhojakaḥ</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">called</supplied> Amarapa drink the nectar of pleasure therefore/with him <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tena</foreign></supplied> <gap reason="lost"/></p>
<p rend="stanza" n="2">The Svāmī <supplied reason="subaudible" cert="low">Viṣṇu/ Indra</supplied> himself <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>svayam</foreign></supplied> came here <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>āgataḥ</foreign></supplied> indeed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>hi</foreign></supplied>. <gap reason="lost"/> This <supplied reason="subaudible">god</supplied> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ayaṃ</foreign></supplied> being an extraordinary regal mountain <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>atyadrirājaḥ</foreign></supplied>, the veritable image of great gods/of Indra <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>devendrapratimaḥ</foreign></supplied>, because of its quality of fixity <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>dhr̥tiguṇāt</foreign></supplied>.</p>
<p rend="stanza" n="3"><gap reason="lost"/> should be <supplied reason="subaudible">regarded</supplied> as given <supplied reason="subaudible">to the god</supplied> here <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>iha</foreign></supplied> <gap reason="lost"/> and utensils such as jars made of gold as well as silver <gap reason="lost"/></p>
<p rend="stanza" n="4"><gap reason="lost"/></p>
<p rend="stanza" n="5"><gap reason="lost"/> the best reservoir has been built with effort for good people <gap reason="lost"/></p>
<p rend="stanza" n="6">He made <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kr̥tam</foreign></supplied> <gap reason="lost"/> for brahmins <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>viprāya</foreign></supplied> for them to use <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>bhojyam</foreign></supplied>. And he also <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>cāpi</foreign></supplied> organised <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>vihitam</foreign></supplied> every day <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>pratyaham</foreign></supplied> a soup-kitchen <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>satram</foreign></supplied> that could be enjoyed by everybody <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>sarvopabhogakṣamam</foreign></supplied>. <gap reason="lost"/> was installed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>sthāpitaḥ</foreign></supplied> along with <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>saha</foreign></supplied> <gap reason="lost"/> by that <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>anena</foreign></supplied> most excellent <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>-vareṇa</foreign></supplied> governor <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>bhojaka-</foreign></supplied>, and <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ca</foreign></supplied> a soup-kitchen <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>satram</foreign></supplied> was linked with it <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>saṅyojitam</foreign></supplied> in his own house as well <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>svagr̥he ’pi</foreign></supplied>.</p>
<p rend="stanza" n="7">I am able to create this profusion and to enjoy various enjoyments that <supplied reason="subaudible">would be difficult for people to create</supplied>. <gap reason="lost"/> in order to obtain the dust of <supplied reason="subaudible">the deity's</supplied> feet, I transfer/transform for all time the entirety of my merit of various kinds <supplied reason="subaudible">for the benefit of all beings</supplied>.</p>
<p n="15-16"><gap reason="lost"/> V.K.A. along the course of the Sacred Water <supplied reason="subaudible" cert="low">the Mekong</supplied> and the servants who participate in <foreign>perran</foreign> ? , who seize the measured land. <gap reason="lost"/> criticises the thieves <supplied reason="subaudible">who steal what</supplied> Tāṅ Añ has <supplied reason="subaudible">donated</supplied> to the god of Jaṁnā Moy.</p>
<p n="17-18"><gap reason="lost"/>; he who mistakenly criticises the Dharma, <supplied reason="subaudible">and</supplied> is not devoted to the Lord of the gods <gap reason="lost"/></p>
</div>
<div type="commentary">
<p>The stone which carries the inscription K. 1462 was most likely a doorjamb which had been brought from a neighboring temple to be reused as a lintel at this temple of Kuk Lvea Ter. The inscribed face is placed downward. The Sanskrit portion has fourteen fragmentary lines forming seven stanzas in Śārdūlavikrīḍita meter, while the Khmer portion is written in prose and has four lines. The two portions are separated by a space of approximately nine lines.</p>
<p>The above edition and translation were discussed in reading sessions in September 2022 with Dominic Goodall, Diwakar Acharya, Chloé Chollet, and Nina Mirnig.</p>
</div>
<div type="bibliography">
<p>Edited by Kunthea Chhom, Chhunteng Hun and Sopheaktra Suon (in preperation) with a Khmer translation.</p>
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Commentary
The stone which carries the inscription K. 1462 was most likely a doorjamb which had been brought from a neighboring temple to be reused as a lintel at this temple of Kuk Lvea Ter. The inscribed face is placed downward. The Sanskrit portion has fourteen fragmentary lines forming seven stanzas in Śārdūlavikrīḍita meter, while the Khmer portion is written in prose and has four lines. The two portions are separated by a space of approximately nine lines.
The above edition and translation were discussed in reading sessions in September 2022 with Dominic Goodall, Diwakar Acharya, Chloé Chollet, and Nina Mirnig.