Inscription of Phu Pae (K. 1059), 7th century CE

Authors of digital edition: Kunthea Chhom (kuch), Dominic Goodall (dogo).

Palaeographic description: The lettering is characteristic of the seventh century CE.

Language: Sanskrit (san) [Khmer (khmer)].

Repository: Khmer (tfc-khmer-epigraphy).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSCIK01059.

File path: texts/xml/DHARMA_INSCIK01059.xml.

Version: 2026-07-20 15:36 (95a8a66), last modified 2026-07-17 15:43 (64a9c36).

Edition

⟨1⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ ꩜ jitam ā(dy)ena har(i)ṇā ⟨Column b⟩ (yena) gova(r)ddha(no) dhr̥ta(ḥ) ⟨Column c⟩ (tu)ṅgena [v](āhu)-daṇdena ⟨Column d⟩ gavā(ñ ca) trāyino giriḥ
⟨2⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ (so)ma(-vaṅś)[ā]malanabha⟨Column b⟩s somaẖ k(ān)ta-kalā-karaḥ ⟨Column c⟩ Asahya-tejāś śatrūṇāṁ ⟨Column d⟩ kenāpi samareṣu yaḥ
⟨3⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ tasya rājādhirājasya ⟨Column b⟩ rājñaś śrībhavavarmmaṇaḥ ⟨Column c⟩ yo bhr̥tyo vallabhatama⟨Column d⟩ś śūraḥ kr̥ta-vedakaḥ
⟨4⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ ma[hā]-sāmanta Ity eta⟨Column b⟩n nāma bhartr̥-prasādajam· ⟨Column c⟩ Alabdha yaś ca sammānaṁ ⟨Column d⟩ śvetac-chatrādi-lakṣaṇam·
⟨5⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ [ta]sya sūnur anūna-śrī⟨Column b⟩r yyo jayanta(ku)rāja(ka)[ḥ] ⟨Column c⟩ sitac-chatrādi-sammānai⟨Column d⟩ẖ kr̥taś śrījayavarmmaṇā
⟨6⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ (bh)ū(yo) liṅgapura-svāmī ⟨Column b⟩ tīrtha-yātrā-parāyaṇaḥ ⟨Column c⟩ nārāyaṇasya tāṁ vediṁ ⟨Column d⟩ vidhi(nā) sa Ihākr̥ta

Translation by Goodall 2021

Victorious is primordial Hari, who lifted the mountain that protects cows ⟨Govardhana⟩ with the lofty bolt of his arm and also ⟨this⟩ mountain of the one who protects cattle (gavāṁ trāyinaḥ).

⟨There was⟩ a certain (yaḥ) moon in the spotless sky that was the lunar dynasty, a mine of pleasing skills {lunar digits}, ⟨and yet⟩ somehow (kenāpi) ⟨nonetheless⟩ of unbearable fieriness for his enemies in battles.

3–4.

Of that ⟨moon,⟩ overlord of kings, the illustrious King Bhavavarman, there was a servant most dear to him (vallabhatamaḥ), a hero (śūraḥ), grateful for what was done ⟨for him⟩ (kr̥tavedakaḥ), who attained the name{title} Mahāsāmanta, bestowed by the grace of his master, and honour in the form of a white parasol and such like ⟨insignia of royalty⟩.

His son, not inferior to him in glory (anūnaśrīḥ), was appointed ⟨to be honoured with the title⟩ Jayantakurājaka by Śrī Jayavarman ⟨I⟩, along with marks of honour such as a white parasol.

Further, ⟨once he had been made⟩ Governor of Liṅgapura, ⟨being⟩ a devotee of pilgrimage to sacred places, he made, according to the rules, this altar(?) of Viṣṇu here.

Bibliography

First edited by Dominic Goodall (2021, pp. 9–15) with an English translation.

Primary

[DG] Goodall, Dominic. 2021. “Two inscriptions from Liṅgaparavat (Vat Phu), one dating to Jayavarman I’s reign (K. 1059) and the other to Jayavarman II’s (K. 1060), along with a re-edition of K. 762.” Udaya: Journal of Khmer Studies 15, pp. 3–38. [URL]. Pages 9–15.

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<l n="d"><milestone unit="column" n="d"/>gavā<unclear>ñ ca</unclear> trāyino giriḥ</l>

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<l n="a"><lb n="2"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/><unclear>so</unclear>ma<unclear>-vaṅś</unclear><supplied reason="lost">ā</supplied>malanabha<milestone unit="column" n="b" break="no"/>s</l>

<l n="b">somaẖ k<unclear>ān</unclear>ta-kalā-karaḥ</l>

<l n="c"><milestone unit="column" n="c"/>Asahya-tejāś śatrūṇāṁ</l>

<l n="d"><milestone unit="column" n="d"/>kenāpi samareṣu yaḥ</l>

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<l n="a"><lb n="3"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/>tasya rājādhirājasya</l>

<l n="b"><milestone unit="column" n="b"/>rājñaś śrībhavavarmmaṇaḥ</l>

<l n="c"><milestone unit="column" n="c"/>yo bhr̥tyo vallabhatama<milestone unit="column" n="d" break="no"/>ś</l>

<l n="d">śūraḥ kr̥ta-vedakaḥ</l>

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<l n="b">nāma bhartr̥-prasādajam·</l>

<l n="c"><milestone unit="column" n="c"/>Alabdha yaś ca sammānaṁ</l>

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<l n="a"><lb n="5"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/><supplied reason="lost">ta</supplied>sya sūnur anūna-śrī<milestone unit="column" n="b" break="no"/>r</l>

<l n="b">yyo jayanta<unclear>ku</unclear>rāja<unclear>ka</unclear><supplied reason="lost">ḥ</supplied></l>

<l n="c"><milestone unit="column" n="c"/>sitac-chatrādi-sammānai<milestone unit="column" n="d" break="no"/>ẖ</l>

<l n="d">kr̥taś śrījayavarmmaṇā</l>

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<l n="a"><lb n="6"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/><unclear>bh</unclear>ū<unclear>yo</unclear> liṅgapura-svāmī</l>

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<p rend="stanza" n="1">Victorious is primordial Hari, who lifted the mountain that protects cows <supplied reason="subaudible">Govardhana</supplied> with the lofty bolt of his arm and also <supplied reason="subaudible">this</supplied> mountain of the one who protects cattle <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>gavāṁ trāyinaḥ</foreign></supplied>.</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="2"><supplied reason="subaudible">There was</supplied> a certain <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>yaḥ</foreign></supplied> moon in the spotless sky that was the lunar dynasty, a mine of pleasing skills <seg rend="pun">lunar digits</seg>, <supplied reason="subaudible">and yet</supplied> somehow <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kenāpi</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">nonetheless</supplied> of unbearable fieriness for his enemies in battles.</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="3-4">Of that <supplied reason="subaudible">moon,</supplied> overlord of kings, the illustrious King Bhavavarman, there was a servant most dear to him <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>vallabhatamaḥ</foreign></supplied>, a hero <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>śūraḥ</foreign></supplied>, grateful for what was done <supplied reason="subaudible">for him</supplied> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kr̥tavedakaḥ</foreign></supplied>, who attained the name<seg rend="pun">title</seg> Mahāsāmanta, bestowed by the grace of his master, and honour in the form of a white parasol and such like <supplied reason="subaudible">insignia of royalty</supplied>.</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="5">His son, not inferior to him in glory <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>anūnaśrīḥ</foreign></supplied>, was appointed <supplied reason="subaudible">to be honoured with the title</supplied> Jayantakurājaka by Śrī Jayavarman <supplied reason="subaudible">I</supplied>, along with marks of honour such as a white parasol.</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="6">Further, <supplied reason="subaudible">once he had been made</supplied> Governor of Liṅgapura, <supplied reason="subaudible">being</supplied> a devotee of pilgrimage to sacred places, he made, according to the rules, this altar(?) of Viṣṇu here.</p>

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