Stela from Phnom Preah Vihear (K. 733), 7th century CE

Authors of digital edition: Kunthea Chhom (kuch), George Cœdès, Gerdi Gerschheimer (gege).

Palaeographic description: The lettering is characteristic of the seventh century CE.

Language: Sanskrit (san) [Khmer (khmer)].

Repository: Khmer (tfc-khmer-epigraphy).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSCIK00733.

File path: texts/xml/DHARMA_INSCIK00733.xml.

Version: 2025-12-29 13:39 (39815a8), last modified 2025-12-04 10:23 (6c027b6).

Edition

⟨1⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ jayatīndu-ravi-vyoma ⟨Column b⟩ -vāyvātma-kṣmā-jalānalaiḥ ⟨Column c⟩ tanoti tanubhiś śambhu⟨Column d⟩r yyo ’ṣṭābhir akhilañ jagat·
⟨2⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ vijitya yaḥ kṣitipatīn· ⟨Column b⟩ nīti-śauryya-valānvitān· ⟨Column c⟩ diva-spr̥śaṁ samārabhya ⟨Column d⟩ yaśa-stambham akīlayat·
⟨3⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ rājā śrībhavavarmmeti ⟨Column b⟩ bhavaty adhika-śāsanaḥ ⟨Column c⟩ soma-vaṅśyo ’py ari-dhvānta ⟨Column d⟩ -pradhvaṅsana-divākaraḥ
⟨4⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ tasya pāśupatācāryyaḥ ⟨Column b⟩ vidyāpuṣpāhvayaḥ kaviḥ ⟨Column c⟩ śa¡p!da-vaiśeṣika-nyāya ⟨Column d⟩ -tatvārtha-kr̥ta-niścayaḥ
⟨5⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ śrāyasīṁ gatim uddiśya ⟨Column b⟩ śrīsiddheśa-praṇālikāṁ ⟨Column c⟩ rājatīṁ rājato la¿dh?vā ⟨Column d⟩ kārayitvāpy atiṣṭhipat·
⟨6⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ tatas sa niṣkraman nānā ⟨Column b⟩ -tīrthāyatana-parvvatān· ⟨Column c⟩ kathañ cid ānīta Iha ⟨Column d⟩ svapnānte śrītriśūlinā
⟨7⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ yathā pradarśitaṁ svapne ⟨Column b⟩ dr̥ṣṭavān iha śāṅkaraṁ ⟨Column c⟩ liṅgaṁ padaṁ goṣpadañ ca ⟨Column d⟩ bhasma tuṅgīśa-parvva[t]e
⟨8⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ pradānāni pradāyāsmai ⟨Column b⟩ dāsādīni śivāya saḥ ⟨Column c⟩ punaś śaivena vidhinā ⟨Column d⟩ taptvā śaivaṁ pa[.]aṁ [⏑–]
⟨9⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ yāvat· pradānam asmai ⟨Column b⟩ śivāya go-bhū-hiraṇya-dāsādi ⟨Column c⟩ bhogyaṁ pāśupatānā⟨Column d⟩m ahāryyam a[…]

Translation into French by Cœdès 1937–1966

La victoire est à Śambhu qui se répand dans tout l’univers au moyen de ses huit corps : la lune, le soleil, le ciel, le vent, l’ātman, la terre, l’eau et le feu.

Après avoir vaincu les maîtres de la terre, doués de conduite, d’héroïsme et de force, il entreprit de toucher le ciel et planta [à cet effet] le pilier de sa gloire.

Il est un roi nommé Śrī Bhavavarman, doué d’une autorité sans égale; bien qu’appartenant à la famille lunaire, c’est un soleil anéantissant l’obscurité des ennemis.

Il eut à son service un poète nommé Vidyāpuṣpa, maître de la secte des Pāśupata, qui avait donné un sens certain à la grammaire, à la doctrine Vaiśeṣika et à la logique.

Ayant en vue une condition supérieure et l’ayant obteaue du roi, il fit faire pour Śrī Siddheśa une rigole en argent et l’installa.

Etant ensuite parti pour [visiter] divers pèlerinages, sanctuaires et montagnes, il fut transporté ici en songe, par le vénérable [Śiva] porteur du trident.

Il vit [ensuite] ici, tels qu’il les avait vus en songe, le liṅga de Śaṅkara, le pied, la flaque d’eau et la cendre sur le [ mont] Tuṅgīśaparvata.

Faisant à ce Śiva des donations d’esclaves et autres présents, de nouveau, il pratique l’ascèse selon la méthode śaiva […].

Tout ce qui a été donné à ce Śiva: bœufs, terres, or, esclaves, etc., doit servir à l’usage des Pāśupata et ne doit pas être pris […].

Translation by Zakharov 2019

Conquers Śambhu (Śiva) who extends to all this world by his eight forms: Moon, Sun, Sky, Wind, Mind (ātman), Earth, Water, and Fire!

Having conquered the kings, who possessed political wisdom (nīti), prowess/valour and armies, he (the king Śrī Bhavavarman) did stake this beautiful column to touch the sky.

The king Śrī Bhavavarman, whose rule is excellent, annihilates his enemies like the sun [destroys] night; despite that he is of the Lunar dynasty!

His teacher, a Pāśupata (an adept of Śiva) whose name is Vidyāpuṣpa (‘Flower of wisdom’), is a poet and connoisseur of truth, language (grammar) and the [doctrines of] Vaiśeṣika and Nyāya.

Having shown the path to welfare and obtaining silver, [he] ordered the building of the silvery channel for the illustrious Lord of the Magic (Śrī Siddheśa).

6–7.

Going out to various places of pilgrimage, sanctuaries and mountains, he was brought here [in this world] during his sleep, by Śrī Triśūlin (‘The Bearer of Trident,’ i.e. Śiva), since he, instructed in his dream, saw here (in this world) Śiva’s male organ, footprints and puddles [which covered the latter], and ashes [on which Śiva sits] on the Mount Tuṅgīśa (Śiva’s mountain).

He gave donations/bestowals to this Śiva, including slaves, again being practiced ascetics as a devotee of Śiva in a Śaiva [manner] […].

These large donations of the Pāśupata (adepts of Śiva) to Śiva, including cattle (oxen and cows), land, gold, slaves and money, should not be taken away […].

Bibliography

Edited by George Cœdès (1937–1966, vol. 1, pp. 3–5) with a French translation. Anton Zakharov (2019, pp. 25–27) provided an English translation.

Primary

[GC] Cœdès, George. 1937–1966. Inscriptions du Cambodge I-VIII. Collection de textes et documents sur l'Indochine 3. Hanoi; Paris: Imprimerie d'Extrême-Orient. Volume 1, pages 3–5.

Secondary

[AZ] Zakharov, Anton O. 2019. “The inscription K. 733 from Phnom Preah Vihear and the root in Cambodia.” Vostok (Oriens) (5), p. 21. DOI: 10.31857/S086919080006819-7. [URL]. Pages 25–27.

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<title>Stela from Phnom Preah Vihear (K. 733), 7th century CE</title>

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<l n="b"><milestone unit="column" n="b"/>-vāyvātma-kṣmā-jalānalaiḥ</l>

<l n="c"><milestone unit="column" n="c"/>tanoti tanubhiś śambhu<milestone unit="column" n="d" break="no"/>r</l>

<l n="d">yyo 'ṣṭābhir akhilañ jagat·</l>

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<l n="a" met="na-vipulā" real="-+-+---+"><lb n="2"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/>vijitya yaḥ kṣitipatīn·</l>

<l n="b"><milestone unit="column" n="b"/>nīti-śauryya-valānvitān·</l>

<l n="c"><milestone unit="column" n="c"/>diva-spr̥śaṁ samārabhya</l>

<l n="d"><milestone unit="column" n="d"/>yaśa-stambham akīlayat·</l>

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<l n="a"><lb n="3"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/>rājā śrībhavavarmmeti</l>

<l n="b"><milestone unit="column" n="b"/>bhavaty adhika-śāsanaḥ</l>

<l n="c" enjamb="yes"><milestone unit="column" n="c"/>soma-vaṅśyo 'py ari-dhvānta</l>

<l n="d"><milestone unit="column" n="d"/>-pradhvaṅsana-divākaraḥ</l>

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<l n="a"><lb n="4"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/>tasya pāśupatācāryyaḥ</l>

<l n="b"><milestone unit="column" n="b"/>vidyāpuṣpāhvayaḥ kaviḥ</l>

<l n="c" enjamb="yes"><milestone unit="column" n="c"/>śa<choice><orig>p</orig><reg>b</reg></choice>da-vaiśeṣika-nyāya</l>

<l n="d"><milestone unit="column" n="d"/>-tatvārtha-kr̥ta-niścayaḥ</l>

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<l n="a"><lb n="5"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/>śrāyasīṁ gatim uddiśya</l>

<l n="b"><milestone unit="column" n="b"/>śrīsiddheśa-praṇālikāṁ</l>

<l n="c"><milestone unit="column" n="c"/>rājatīṁ rājato la<choice><sic>dh</sic><corr>bdh</corr></choice>vā</l>

<l n="d"><milestone unit="column" n="d"/>kārayitvāpy atiṣṭhipat·</l>

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<l n="a" enjamb="yes"><lb n="6"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/>tatas sa niṣkraman nānā</l>

<l n="b"><milestone unit="column" n="b"/>-tīrthāyatana-parvvatān·</l>

<l n="c" met="bha-vipulā" real="-+-++--+"><milestone unit="column" n="c"/>kathañ cid ānīta Iha</l>

<l n="d"><milestone unit="column" n="d"/>svapnānte śrītriśūlinā</l>

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<l n="a"><lb n="7"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/>yathā pradarśitaṁ svapne</l>

<l n="b"><milestone unit="column" n="b"/>dr̥ṣṭavān iha śāṅkaraṁ</l>

<l n="c" met="ra-vipulā" real="++-++-+-"><milestone unit="column" n="c"/>liṅgaṁ padaṁ goṣpadañ ca</l>

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<l n="a"><lb n="8"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/>pradānāni pradāyāsmai</l>

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<l n="ab"><lb n="9"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/>yāvat· pradānam asmai

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<p rend="stanza" n="1">La victoire est à Śambhu qui se répand dans tout l'univers au moyen de ses huit corps : la lune, le soleil, le ciel, le vent, l'ātman, la terre, l'eau et le feu.</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="2">Après avoir vaincu les maîtres de la terre, doués de conduite, d'héroïsme et de force, il entreprit de toucher le ciel et planta <supplied reason="subaudible">à cet effet</supplied> le pilier de sa gloire.</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="3">Il est un roi nommé Śrī Bhavavarman, doué d'une autorité sans égale; bien qu'appartenant à la famille lunaire, c'est un soleil anéantissant l'obscurité des ennemis.</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="4">Il eut à son service un poète nommé Vidyāpuṣpa, maître de la secte des Pāśupata, qui avait donné un sens certain à la grammaire, à la doctrine Vaiśeṣika et à la logique.</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="5">Ayant en vue une condition supérieure et l'ayant obteaue du roi, il fit faire pour Śrī Siddheśa une rigole en argent et l'installa.</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="6">Etant ensuite parti pour <supplied reason="subaudible">visiter</supplied> divers pèlerinages, sanctuaires et montagnes, il fut transporté ici en songe, par le vénérable <supplied reason="subaudible">Śiva</supplied> porteur du trident.</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="7">Il vit <supplied reason="subaudible">ensuite</supplied> ici, tels qu'il les avait vus en songe, le <foreign>liṅga</foreign> de Śaṅkara, le pied, la flaque d'eau et la cendre sur le <supplied reason="subaudible"> mont</supplied> Tuṅgīśaparvata.</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="8">Faisant à ce Śiva des donations d'esclaves et autres présents, de nouveau, il pratique l'ascèse selon la méthode śaiva <gap reason="lost"/>.</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="9">Tout ce qui a été donné à ce Śiva: bœufs, terres, or, esclaves, etc., doit servir à l'usage des Pāśupata et ne doit pas être pris <gap reason="lost"/>.</p>

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<p rend="stanza" n="1">Conquers Śambhu <supplied reason="explanation">Śiva</supplied> who extends to all this world by his eight forms: Moon, Sun, Sky, Wind, Mind <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ātman</foreign></supplied>, Earth, Water, and Fire!</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="2">Having conquered the kings, who possessed political wisdom <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nīti</foreign></supplied>, prowess/valour and armies, he <supplied reason="explanation">the king Śrī Bhavavarman</supplied> did stake this beautiful column to touch the sky.</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="3">The king Śrī Bhavavarman, whose rule is excellent, annihilates his enemies like the sun <supplied reason="subaudible">destroys</supplied> night; despite that he is of the Lunar dynasty!</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="4">His teacher, a Pāśupata <supplied reason="explanation">an adept of Śiva</supplied> whose name is Vidyāpuṣpa <supplied reason="explanation">‘Flower of wisdom’</supplied>, is a poet and connoisseur of truth, language <supplied reason="explanation">grammar</supplied> and the <supplied reason="subaudible">doctrines of</supplied> Vaiśeṣika and Nyāya.</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="5">Having shown the path to welfare and obtaining silver, <supplied reason="subaudible">he</supplied> ordered the building of the silvery channel for the illustrious Lord of the Magic <supplied reason="explanation">Śrī Siddheśa</supplied>.</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="6-7">Going out to various places of pilgrimage, sanctuaries and mountains, he was brought here <supplied reason="subaudible">in this world</supplied> during his sleep, by Śrī Triśūlin <supplied reason="explanation">‘The Bearer of Trident,’ i.e. Śiva</supplied>, since he, instructed in his dream, saw here <supplied reason="explanation">in this world</supplied> Śiva’s male organ, footprints and puddles <supplied reason="subaudible">which covered the latter</supplied>, and ashes <supplied reason="subaudible">on which Śiva sits</supplied> on the Mount Tuṅgīśa <supplied reason="explanation">Śiva’s mountain</supplied>.</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="8">He gave donations/bestowals to this Śiva, including slaves, again being practiced ascetics as a devotee of Śiva in a Śaiva <supplied reason="subaudible">manner</supplied> <gap reason="lost"/>.</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="9">These large donations of the Pāśupata <supplied reason="explanation">adepts of Śiva</supplied> to Śiva, including cattle <supplied reason="explanation">oxen and cows</supplied>, land, gold, slaves and money, should not be taken away <gap reason="lost"/>.</p>

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