Rock inscription from Tham Lekh cave (K. 723)

Authors of digital edition: Chloé Chollet (chch), Dominic Goodall (dogo).

Languages: Old Khmer (okz) [Khmer (khmer)], Sanskrit (san) [Khmer (khmer)].

Repository: Khmer (tfc-khmer-epigraphy).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSCIK00723.

File path: texts/xml/DHARMA_INSCIK00723.xml.

Version: 2026-02-17 15:29 (cf76d56), last modified 2026-02-01 01:26 (9632dff).

Edition

⟨1⟩ samādhaye sarvva-ta¿m?odhanāṇā-
⟨2⟩ m iyaṁ guhā vaktraguheti nāmnā
⟨3⟩ sā nirmmitā vaktraśiveṇa śaktyā
⟨4⟩ vibhāti bhaddreśvara-śaila-pārśve ||
⟨5⟩ kaṁ ti chdyās· guhā kaṁ ti ruḥ pnāṅ· doṣa

Apparatus

⟨1⟩ -ta¿m?⟨p⟩odhanāṇā⟨2⟩m DG ⬦ -tapodhanāṇā⟨2⟩m GC • Dominic Goodall (2015, p. 21, n. 25) noticed that tamo is readable on the estampage, although it had to be corrected to tapo.

⟨3⟩ nirmmitā DG ⬦ niṣṭhitā GC. — ⟨3⟩ vaktraśiveṇa ⬦ vaktraśivena GC DG.

Translation into French by Cœdès 1937–1966

Pour la méditation de tous ceux qui sont riches d'ascétisme, cette grotte nommée Vaktraguhā, aménagée par Vaktraśiva, resplendit par la puissance ⟨de cet ascète⟩ sur le flanc du mont Bhadreśvara.

⟨5⟩ Défense d'encombrer la grotte, défense de démolir la cloison : ⟨ce serait⟩ une faute.

Translation by Goodall 2015

For the meditation of all ascetics, this cave, Vaktraguhā by name, created, to the best of his ability (śaktyā), by Vaktraśiva, is resplendent on the side of the Bhadreśvara mountain.

Bibliography

First edited by George Cœdès with a French translation (1937–1966, vol. 5, pp. 12–13); re-edited by Dominic Goodall with an English translation of the Sanskrit stanza (2015, p. 21). This digital edition (2026) by Chloé Chollet and Dominic Goodall.

Primary

[GC] Cœdès, George. 1937–1966. Inscriptions du Cambodge I-VIII. Collection de textes et documents sur l'Indochine 3. Hanoi; Paris: Imprimerie d'Extrême-Orient. Volume 5, pages 12–13.

[DG] Goodall, Dominic. 2015. “On K. 1049, a tenth-century cave-inscription from Battambang, and on the sectarian obedience of the Śaiva ascetics of non-royal cave-inscriptions in Cambodia.” UJKS 13, pp. 3–34. [URL]. Page 21, figure 2.

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<change who="part:argr" when="2026-02-01" status="draft">Changed respStmt and copyright to new model, hyphenated the text, corrected placement of final m of first pāda after end of first physical line and before end of first pāda, change punctuation type to comply with Symbol Taxonomy, changed bibliography, inserted some comments</change>

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<l n="b">iyaṁ guhā vaktraguheti nāmnā</l>

<l n="c"><lb n="3"/>sā nirmmitā vaktraśiveṇa śaktyā</l>

<l n="d"><lb n="4"/>vibhāti bhaddreśvara-śaila-pārśve <g type="ddandaOrnate">.</g></l><!-- argr:

1/ doesn't it look like -śaile- or śaise? that would of course be unmetrical, and would not make sense.

2/ How sure are we about the presence of any punctuation sign at the end of the stanza, and if there is one, about its identification as ddandaOrnate? -->

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<p><lb n="5"/>kaṁ ti chdyās· guhā kaṁ ti ruḥ pnāṅ· doṣa</p>

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<lem source="bib:Goodall2015_01">-ta<choice><sic>m</sic><corr>p</corr></choice>odhanāṇā<lb n="2" break="no"/>m</lem>

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<lem source="bib:Goodall2015_01">nirmmitā</lem>

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<p n="5">Défense d'encombrer la grotte, défense de démolir la cloison : <supplied reason="subaudible">ce serait</supplied> une faute.</p>

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