Prasat Neak Buos inscription engraved on the Southern doorjamb of the L sanctuary (K. 341-S, 596 Śaka)
Editors: Chloé Chollet, George Cœdès, Dominic Goodall.
Identifier: DHARMA_INSCIK00341-S.
Hand description:
Languages: Old Khmer, Sanskrit.
Repository: Khmer (tfc-khmer-epigraphy).
Version: (0bad8df), last modified (25c6f3e).
Edition
I. Anuṣṭubh
⟨1⟩ ¶ yatra sthānumatasthānaṁ
adr̥śyamānaṁ padadvayaṁ
bsthitvā [1×]durggayā ta(sya)
c(manthāna)nāma prakāśyate
dII. Anuṣṭubh
⟨2⟩ tenā(t)ra śivapādākhyo
abhaviṣyas te [.]u bhūdharaḥ
bUpāsya (si)[d](dhi) ya [1×] nāṁ
csmaratām api pāvanaM
dIII. Anuṣṭubh
⟨3⟩ yatraiva pivatā(m) saṁme
adivyasvarga(pade) [dhr]u[vam]
bgrava [.]i[.]pati [––⏓]
c[⏓] na val(īti) viśrutaḥ
d⟨4⟩ ⟨5⟩ ⟨6⟩ ⟨7⟩ ⟨8⟩ ⟨9⟩ ⟨10⟩ ⟨11⟩ ⟨12⟩
IV. Anuṣṭubh
⟨13⟩ ṣaṣtivarṣasahassrāni
asvar[gg]e modati bhūmidaḥ
b[⏓⏓⏓⏓⏑––⏓]
c[⏓⏓⏓⏓⏑–⏑⏓]
dApparatus
⟨1⟩ sthānumatasthānaṁ ⬦ sthānumatā sthānan GC • For sthānu-, understand sthāṇu-. — ⟨1⟩ sthitvā [1×] ⬦ sthi ⏓ ⏓ GC. — ⟨1⟩ s(manthāna)nāma ⬦ ⏓ ⏓nāma GC.
⟨2⟩ tenā(t)ra śivapādākhyo ⬦ tenāgraśivapādākhyo GC. — ⟨2⟩ bhaviṣyas te [.]u ⬦ bhavīṣyan teṣu GC • The ste ligature is quite clear on the inscription photographs, while the ṣ of teṣu does not appear clearly either on the rubbing or in the photographs. We therefore prefer to report an illegible consonant to which the vowel u is attached. — ⟨2⟩ Upāsya (si)[d](dhi) ya [1×] nāṁ ⬦ ⏓ ⏑ ‒ ‒ ⏓ GC. — ⟨2⟩ pāvanaM ⬦ pāvana GC • The final consonant, miniaturized, is engraved a little below the line. This palaeographic phenomenon occurs in only one other pre-Angkorian inscription, found at Wat Phra Ngam (Thailand) and recently published in Thai (Weeraprajak 2020, p. 4). This particularity is however present in other South-East Asian epigraphic corpora, such as the Pyu inscriptions (2017, p. 84, § 1.5.3.15).
⟨3⟩ pivatā(m) saṁme ⬦ pivatāṅ same GC. — ⟨3⟩ -(pade) [dhr]u[vam] ⬦ ⏑ ‒ dhruvam GC • While we think we can read pade, we only see the the vowel u below the word that Coedès has transcribed dhruvam. — ⟨3⟩ grava [.]i[.]pati ⬦ ⏓ ⏓ ⏓ ⏓ ⏑ GC • We could understand viṭpati or dikpati. — ⟨3⟩ na val(īti) ⬦ ⏓ ⏓ ⏓ ⏓ ti GC.
Translation into French by Dominic Goodall
I
De ce (yatra… tasya) lieu où les deux [empreintes de] pieds (padadvayaṁ) restent visibles (dr̥śyamānaṁ) — le lieu [où elles se trouvent] étant [ainsi] approuvé par Sthāṇu (sthānumatasthānaṁ) —, s’étant tenu debout [là], avec Durgā (?), le nom Manthāna est proclamé.
II
Ainsi (tena), une montagne (bhūdharaḥ) nommée Śivapāda restera (bhaviṣyaḥ) ici (atra). Ceux qui l’honorent (upāsya), et la gardent aussi à l’esprit (smaratām api) purification (pāvanam ?) […] pouvoirs (siddhi ?) […]
III
Là même, de la même manière, ceux qui boivent […] [obtiendront] le ciel des dieux […] tel est le […] notoire.
Translation into French by Cœdès 1937–1966
I
La place où l’Immuable (Śiva) a manifesté ses deux pieds […] de celui qui est venu de loin […] le nom est proclamé.
II
Par lui, la montagne nommée Śivapāda antérieur sera pour ceux qui la vénèrent […] purification, même pour ceux qui se souviennent […]
III
Là même, de la même manière, ceux qui boivent […] [obtiendront] le ciel des dieux […] tel est le […] notoire.
Bibliography
First edited by Gœrge Cœdès (1937–1966, vol. 6, pp. 23–26) with a French translation of the whole inscription; the Sanskrit part is re-edited here by Chloé Chollet and Dominic Goodall from photographs (2020, pp. 390–391).
Primary
[GC] Cœdès, George. 1937–1966. Inscriptions du Cambodge I-VIII. Collection de textes et documents sur l'Indochine 3. Hanoi; Paris: Imprimerie d'Extrême-Orient. Volume 6, pages 23–26.
[CC+DG] Chollet, Chloé and Dominic Goodall. 2020. “La prouesse martiale et les pieds de Śiva : Note au sujet de l’inscription préangkorienne K. 1373 du Phnom Sambok.” BEFEO 106, pp. 379–400. Pages 390–391.
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<l n="a"><lb n="1"/> <g type="gomutraInitial">.</g> yatra sthānumatasthānaṁ</l>
<l n="b">dr̥śyamānaṁ padadvayaṁ</l>
<l n="c">sthitvā <gap reason="illegible" unit="character" quantity="1"/>durggayā ta<unclear>sya</unclear></l>
<l n="d"><unclear>manthāna</unclear>nāma prakāśyate</l>
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<lg n="2" met="anuṣṭubh" xml:lang="san-Latn">
<l n="a"><lb n="2"/>tenā<unclear>t</unclear>ra śivapādākhyo</l>
<l n="b">bhaviṣyas te <seg type="aksara"><seg type="component" subtype="body"><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="component"/></seg>u</seg> bhūdharaḥ</l>
<l n="c">Upāsya <unclear>si</unclear><supplied reason="lost">d</supplied><unclear>dhi</unclear> ya <gap reason="illegible" unit="character" quantity="1"/> nāṁ</l>
<l n="d">smaratām api pāvanaM</l>
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<lg n="3" met="anuṣṭubh" xml:lang="san-Latn">
<l n="a"><lb n="3"/>yatraiva pivatā<unclear>m</unclear> saṁme</l>
<l n="b">divyasvarga<unclear>pade</unclear> <supplied reason="lost">dhr</supplied>u<supplied reason="lost">vam</supplied></l>
<l n="c">grava <seg type="aksara"><seg type="component" subtype="body"><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="component"/></seg>i</seg><seg type="aksara"><seg type="component" subtype="body"><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="component"/></seg>pa</seg>ti <seg met="++="><gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="character"/></seg></l>
<l n="d"><seg met="="><gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/></seg> na val<unclear>īti</unclear> viśrutaḥ</l>
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<l n="a"><lb n="13"/>ṣaṣtivarṣasahassrāni</l>
<l n="b">svar[gg]e modati bhūmidaḥ</l>
<l n="c"><seg met="====-++="><gap reason="lost" quantity="8" unit="character"/></seg></l>
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<lem>sthānumatasthānaṁ</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Coedes1937-1966_01">sthānumatā sthānan</rdg>
<note>For <foreign>sthānu</foreign>-, understand <foreign>sthāṇu</foreign>-.</note>
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<lem>sthitvā <gap reason="illegible" unit="character" quantity="1"/></lem>
<rdg source="bib:Coedes1937-1966_01">sthi ⏓ ⏓</rdg>
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<lem>s<unclear>manthāna</unclear>nāma</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Coedes1937-1966_01">⏓ ⏓nāma</rdg>
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<lem>tenā<unclear>t</unclear>ra śivapādākhyo</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Coedes1937-1966_01">tenāgraśivapādākhyo</rdg>
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<lem>bhaviṣyas te <seg type="aksara"><seg type="component" subtype="body"><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="component"/></seg>u</seg></lem>
<rdg source="bib:Coedes1937-1966_01">bhavīṣyan teṣu</rdg>
<note>The <hi rend="italic">ste</hi> ligature is quite clear on the inscription photographs, while the <hi rend="italic">ṣ</hi> of <foreign>teṣu</foreign> does not appear clearly either on the rubbing or in the photographs. We therefore prefer to report an illegible consonant to which the vowel <hi rend="italic">u</hi> is attached.</note>
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<lem>Upāsya <unclear>si</unclear><supplied reason="lost">d</supplied><unclear>dhi</unclear> ya <gap reason="illegible" unit="character" quantity="1"/> nāṁ</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Coedes1937-1966_01">⏓ ⏑ ‒ ‒ ⏓</rdg>
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<lem>pāvanaM</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Coedes1937-1966_01">pāvana</rdg>
<note>The final consonant, miniaturized, is engraved a little below the line. This palaeographic phenomenon occurs in only one other pre-Angkorian inscription, found at Wat Phra Ngam (Thailand) and recently published in Thai (Weeraprajak 2020, p. 4). This particularity is however present in other South-East Asian epigraphic corpora, such as the Pyu inscriptions (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Griffiths+al2017_01"/><citedRange unit="page">84</citedRange></bibl>, § 1.5.3.15).</note>
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<lem>pivatā<unclear>m</unclear> saṁme</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Coedes1937-1966_01">pivatāṅ same</rdg>
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<lem>-<unclear>pade</unclear> <supplied reason="lost">dhr</supplied>u<supplied reason="lost">vam</supplied></lem>
<rdg source="bib:Coedes1937-1966_01">⏑ ‒ dhruvam</rdg>
<note>While we think we can read <foreign>pade</foreign>, we only see the the vowel <hi rend="italic">u</hi> below the word that Coedès has transcribed <foreign>dhruvam</foreign>.</note>
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<lem>grava <seg type="aksara"><seg type="component" subtype="body"><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="component"/></seg>i</seg><seg type="aksara"><seg type="component" subtype="body"><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="component"/></seg>pa</seg>ti</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Coedes1937-1966_01">⏓ ⏓ ⏓ ⏓ ⏑</rdg>
<note>We could understand <foreign>viṭpati</foreign> or <foreign>dikpati</foreign>.</note>
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<lem>na val<unclear>īti</unclear></lem>
<rdg source="bib:Coedes1937-1966_01">⏓ ⏓ ⏓ ⏓ ti</rdg>
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<p rend="stanza" n="1">De ce <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>yatra</foreign>… <foreign>tasya</foreign></supplied> lieu où les deux <supplied reason="subaudible">empreintes de</supplied> pieds <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>padadvayaṁ</foreign></supplied> restent visibles <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>dr̥śyamānaṁ</foreign></supplied> — le lieu <supplied reason="subaudible">où elles se trouvent</supplied> étant <supplied reason="subaudible">ainsi</supplied> approuvé par Sthāṇu <supplied reason="explanation">sthānumatasthānaṁ</supplied> —, s’étant tenu debout <supplied reason="subaudible">là</supplied>, avec Durgā (?), le nom Manthāna est proclamé.</p>
<p rend="stanza" n="2">Ainsi <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tena</foreign></supplied>, une montagne <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>bhūdharaḥ</foreign></supplied> nommée Śivapāda restera <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>bhaviṣyaḥ</foreign></supplied> ici <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>atra</foreign></supplied>. Ceux qui l’honorent <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>upāsya</foreign></supplied>, et la gardent aussi à l'esprit <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>smaratām api</foreign></supplied> purification <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>pāvanam</foreign> ?</supplied> <gap reason="lost"/> pouvoirs <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>siddhi</foreign> ?</supplied> <gap reason="lost"/></p>
<p rend="stanza" n="3">Là même, de la même manière, ceux qui boivent <gap reason="lost"/> <supplied reason="subaudible">obtiendront</supplied> le ciel des dieux <gap reason="lost"/> tel est le <gap reason="lost"/> notoire.</p>
</div>
<div type="translation" xml:lang="fra" source="bib:Coedes1937-1966_01">
<p rend="stanza" n="1">La place où l'Immuable <supplied reason="explanation">Śiva</supplied> a manifesté ses deux pieds <gap reason="lost"/> de celui qui est venu de loin <gap reason="lost"/> le nom est proclamé.</p>
<p rend="stanza" n="2">Par lui, la montagne nommée Śivapāda antérieur sera pour ceux qui la vénèrent <gap reason="lost"/> purification, même pour ceux qui se souviennent <gap reason="lost"/></p>
<p rend="stanza" n="3">Là même, de la même manière, ceux qui boivent <gap reason="lost"/> <supplied reason="subaudible">obtiendront</supplied> le ciel des dieux <gap reason="lost"/> tel est le <gap reason="lost"/> notoire.</p>
</div>
<div type="commentary">
<p>Regarding the ancient name of the temple: Cœdès considered the hapax <foreign>agraśivapāda</foreign> ("the Earlier Śivapāda") as the equivalent expression of the Old Khmer <foreign>śivapādapūrva</foreign> "the Eastern Śivapāda", encountered in other inscriptions from Prasat Neak Buos and antonym of the expression <foreign>śivapādapaścima</foreign> "the Western Śivapāda", which refers to Prasat Ta Muean Thom. The Sanskrit term <foreign>agra</foreign> does not normally have the meaning of 'eastern, east' which might make it equivalent to the word <foreign>pūrva</foreign>. The form of the consonant <hi rend="italic">t</hi> being particularly ambiguous, we do not exclude the reading proposed by Cœdès.</p>
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<div type="bibliography">
<p>First edited by Gœrge Cœdès (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Coedes1937-1966_01"/><citedRange unit="volume">6</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">23-26</citedRange></bibl>) with a French translation of the whole inscription; the Sanskrit part is re-edited here by Chloé Chollet and Dominic Goodall from photographs (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Chollet+Goodall2020_01"/><citedRange unit="page">390-391</citedRange></bibl>).</p>
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Commentary
Regarding the ancient name of the temple: Cœdès considered the hapax agraśivapāda ("the Earlier Śivapāda") as the equivalent expression of the Old Khmer śivapādapūrva "the Eastern Śivapāda", encountered in other inscriptions from Prasat Neak Buos and antonym of the expression śivapādapaścima "the Western Śivapāda", which refers to Prasat Ta Muean Thom. The Sanskrit term agra does not normally have the meaning of ’eastern, east’ which might make it equivalent to the word pūrva. The form of the consonant t being particularly ambiguous, we do not exclude the reading proposed by Cœdès.