Doorjamb from Lamngâ

Editors: Salomé Pichon, Arlo Griffiths.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSCIC00007.

Language: Old Cham.

Repository: Campa (tfc-campa-epigraphy).

Version: 2024-09-16 00:32 (a2d4f44), last modified 2024-05-08 14:17 (8d5ff0e).

Edition

Logical
Physical
Full

Part 1

⟨1⟩ […]damayā […] [jāk· ṅan·] ⟨2⟩ [ta]nd(o)m̃ laṅguv· māḥ (bho)[ga] 30 thil· p(i)rak[·] ⟨3⟩ [bh](o)ga 300 thil· kvi[r]· ja[v]ā laum̃ vukāṁ sya(ṁ) ⟨4⟩ [1+]3 drim̃ śvam̃l· m(auk·) madrim̃ 4 drim̃ mauk· vuṅā

Part 2

⟨5⟩ […] [yām̃] pom̃ ku śrī jayaparam(e)śvaravarmmad(e)va (ud)yā⟨6⟩na nau (n)dvā [2+]ha yām̃ pom̃ k(u) śrī [ca]mpeśvara (v)u[ḥ] [2+] pa⟨7⟩jem̃ vana[m̃]k· [s]yā(ṁ) k[v]ac· ravaum̃ pā(k·) humā śrī vī[ra[<C>]]u(k)· dī śa⟨8⟩ka nī [2+] śiśī [bh](ū) humā nan· sā sthāna vuḥ pa⟨9⟩k· yā(m̃ po)m̃ ku sva(ya)mu(tpa)nna ṅan· (yā)m̃ (p)om̃ ku ⟨10⟩ śrīpa[t](ī)[ś]va(ra) gaḥ pūrv[v]a ta[m̃l·] kanvā gaḥ dak[ṣ](i)ṇa ⟨11⟩ gnam̃ḥ pyā kr(aum̃) tam̃l· humā nagara gaḥ dakṣiṇa tam̃l· ⟨12⟩ humā pu lyam̃ im̃śānavarmma humā yām̃ hu(mā) mu⟨13⟩la gaḥ paścima tam̃l· humā di rumaḥ gaḥ uttara tam̃⟨14⟩l· ravaum̃ rayā atam̃ danrāk· klum̃ kanvā 500 jāk· ⟨15⟩ ṅan· tandom̃ laṅguv· <symbol>

Apparatus

⟨1⟩ [jāk· ṅan·] • this restitution is based on the analysis of the term tandoṅ laṅguv (see note in Lepoutre 2013, pp. 232–235).

⟨4⟩ [1+]3 drim̃ • the fact that five ethnic groups are nammed in the previous line suggests that another digit needs to be restored in front of the figure 3.

⟨7⟩ pā(k·) ⬦ rok Aymonier 1891.

⟨8⟩ śiśī [bh](ū) • read śaśī bhū

⟨12-13⟩ mula • read mūla

⟨13⟩ rumaḥ gaḥ ⬦ ruma nagara Bergaigne 1888.

Translation

Part 1

... jāk with tamdom̃ laṅguv.

Gold as property: 30 thil; silver as property: 300 thil;

Khmers, Javanese, Chinese (?), Paganese, Siamese: #3 persons. Family of mauk Madrim̃: 4 persons; of mauk Vuṅā...

Part 2

... Y.P.K. Śrī Jaya Parameśvaravarmadeva went out [in order to] go and divide up ... Y.P.K. Śrī Campeśvara. He offered ... made good dams, cleaned the canals of Śrī VīraCuk’s rice-fields in this Śaka [year] ..., (1) moon, (1) earth (i.e. in 11## Śaka) this rice-field [is] a unit offered to Y.P.K. Svayamutpanna and Y.P.K. Śrīpatīśvara [delimited] on the Eastern side by the ramp; on the Southern side gnam̃ḥ pyā river by the rice-fields of the country; on the Southern side by P.L. Iśānavarman’s rice-fields, the gods’ rice-fields, the rice-fields [constituting] the capital; on the Western side by the rice-fields near the edifices; on the Northern side by the great canal; three atam̃ danrāk; 500 jāk with tandom̃ laṅguv [of] uneven [lands].

Translation into French

Part 1

... jāk avec tamdom̃ laṅguv

De l’or pour les biens : 30 thil ; de l’argent pour les biens : 300 thil ;

Des Khmers, des Javanais, des Chinois (?), des Paganais, des Siamois : #3 personnes. Famille de mauk Madrim̃ : 4 personnes ; de mauk Vuṅā...

Part 2

... Y.P.K. Śrī Jaya Parameśvaravarmadeva sortit [pour] aller diviser ... Y.P.K. Śrī Campeśvara. Il offrit ... fit de bons barrages, cura les canaux pour les rizières de Śrī VīraCuk en cette [année] Śaka 11## (##, 1 [lune], 1 [terre]) cette rizière [est] un emplacement offert à Y.P.K. Svayamutpanna et Y.P.K. Śrīpatīśvara [délimitée] du côté est par la dénivéllation ; du côté sud gnam̃ḥ pyā fleuve par les rizières du pays ; du côté sud par les rizières du P.L. Iśānavarman, les rizières des dieux, les rizières [constituant] le capital ; du côté ouest par les rizières près des édifices ; du côté nord par le grand canal ; trois atam̃ danrāk ; 500 jāk avec tandom̃ laṅguv [de terres] dénivelées.

Commentary

The term laum̃ (= lauv or lov, also occuring in C. 30 B1) is recorded in the available dictionaries and translated there as ’Chinese’. However, it it possible that, originally, this word (identical to the Thai word used to name the modern state of Laos) suggests Thai-speaking populations. The possibility that the term lauv used in these inscriptions could designate a Lao population should be kept in mind.

Bibliography

A few words were read in Bergaigne 1888, p. 192; some more in Aymonier 1891, pp. 52–53; partially summarised in English, in Majumdar 1985, p. 209, whence Golzio 2004, p. 183. It was studied in Jacques 1977-1978, pp. 1079–1080 but was integrally published for the first time in Lepoutre 2013, pp. 228–230, which publication is reproduced here.

Secondary

Parmentier, Henri. 1909. Inventaire descriptif des monuments čams de l’Annam. Tome premier: Description des monuments. Paris: Imprimerie nationale. [URL]. Pages 79–81.

Finot, Louis. 1915. “Notes d’épigraphie, XIV : Les inscriptions du musée de Hanoi.” BEFEO 15 (2), pp. 1–38. DOI: 10.3406/befeo.1915.5229. [URL]. Page 2 and 10.

Parmentier, Henri. 1918. Inventaire descriptif des monuments čams de l’Annam. Tome II: Étude de l’art čam. Paris: Ernest Leroux. Page 77.

Griffiths, Arlo and Amandine Lepoutre. 2013. “Campā epigraphical data on polities and peoples of ancient Myanmar.” Journal of Burma Studies 17 (2), pp. 373–390. DOI: 10.1353/jbs.2013.0014. [URL].

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<lb n="3"/> <supplied reason="lost">bh</supplied><unclear>o</unclear>ga 300 thil· kvi<supplied reason="lost">r</supplied>· ja<supplied reason="lost">v</supplied>ā laum̃ vukāṁ sya<unclear>ṁ</unclear>

<lb n="4"/> <num><gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/></num>3 drim̃ śvam̃l· m<unclear>auk·</unclear> madrim̃ 4 drim̃ mauk· vuṅā

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<lb n="5"/> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> <supplied reason="lost">yām̃</supplied> pom̃ ku śrī jayaparam<unclear>e</unclear>śvaravarmmad<unclear>e</unclear>va <unclear>ud</unclear>yā

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</div><div type="apparatus"><listApp><app loc="1"><lem><supplied reason="lost">jāk· ṅan·</supplied></lem><note>this restitution is based on the analysis of the term <foreign>tandoṅ laṅguv</foreign> (see note in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Lepoutre2013_01"/><citedRange unit="page">232-235</citedRange></bibl>).</note></app><app loc="4"><lem><num><gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/></num>3 drim̃</lem><note>the fact that five ethnic groups are nammed in the previous line suggests that another digit needs to be restored in front of the figure <foreign>3</foreign>.</note></app><app loc="7"><lem>pā<unclear>k·</unclear></lem><rdg source="bib:Aymonier1891_01">rok</rdg></app><app loc="8"><lem>śiśī <supplied reason="lost">bh</supplied><unclear>ū</unclear></lem><note>read <foreign>śaśī bhū</foreign></note></app><app loc="12-13"><lem>mula</lem><note>read <foreign>mūla</foreign></note></app><app loc="13"><lem>rumaḥ gaḥ</lem><rdg source="bib:Bergaigne1888_01">ruma nagara</rdg></app></listApp></div><div type="translation"><div type="textpart" n="1"><p>... <foreign>jāk</foreign> with <foreign>tamdom̃ laṅguv</foreign>.</p><p>Gold as property: 30 <foreign>thil</foreign>; silver as property: 300 <foreign>thil</foreign>;</p><p>Khmers, Javanese, Chinese <supplied reason="explanation">?</supplied>, Paganese, Siamese: #3 persons. Family of <foreign>mauk</foreign> Madrim̃: 4 persons; of <foreign>mauk</foreign> Vuṅā...</p></div><div type="textpart" n="2"><p>... Y.P.K. Śrī Jaya Parameśvaravarmadeva went out <supplied reason="subaudible">in order to</supplied> go and divide up ... Y.P.K. Śrī Campeśvara. He offered ... made good dams, cleaned the canals of Śrī VīraCuk's rice-fields in this Śaka <supplied reason="subaudible">year</supplied> ..., <supplied reason="explanation">1</supplied> moon, <supplied reason="explanation">1</supplied> earth <supplied reason="explanation">i.e. in 11## Śaka</supplied>

this rice-field <supplied reason="subaudible">is</supplied> a unit offered to Y.P.K. Svayamutpanna and Y.P.K. Śrīpatīśvara <supplied reason="subaudible">delimited</supplied> on the Eastern side by the ramp; on the Southern side <foreign>gnam̃ḥ pyā</foreign> river by the rice-fields of the country; on the Southern side by P.L. Iśānavarman's rice-fields, the gods' rice-fields, the rice-fields <supplied reason="subaudible">constituting</supplied> the capital; on the Western side by the rice-fields near the edifices; on the Northern side by the great canal; three <foreign>atam̃ danrāk</foreign>; 500 <foreign>jāk</foreign> with <foreign>tandom̃ laṅguv</foreign> <supplied reason="subaudible">of</supplied> uneven <supplied reason="subaudible">lands</supplied>.</p></div></div><div type="translation" xml:lang="fra"><div type="textpart" n="1"><p>... <foreign>jāk</foreign> avec <foreign>tamdom̃ laṅguv</foreign></p><p>De l'or pour les biens : 30 <foreign>thil</foreign> ; de l'argent pour les biens : 300 <foreign>thil</foreign> ; </p><p>Des Khmers, des Javanais, des Chinois <supplied reason="explanation">?</supplied>, des Paganais, des Siamois : #3 personnes. Famille de <foreign>mauk</foreign> Madrim̃ : 4 personnes ; de <foreign>mauk</foreign> Vuṅā...</p></div><div type="textpart" n="2"><p>... Y.P.K. Śrī Jaya Parameśvaravarmadeva sortit <supplied reason="subaudible">pour</supplied> aller diviser ... Y.P.K. Śrī Campeśvara. Il offrit ... fit de bons barrages, cura les canaux pour les rizières de Śrī VīraCuk en cette <supplied reason="subaudible">année</supplied> Śaka 11## <supplied reason="explanation">##, 1 <supplied reason="subaudible">lune</supplied>, 1 <supplied reason="subaudible">terre</supplied></supplied>

cette rizière <supplied reason="subaudible">est</supplied> un emplacement offert à Y.P.K. Svayamutpanna et Y.P.K. Śrīpatīśvara <supplied reason="subaudible">délimitée</supplied> du côté est par la dénivéllation ; du côté sud <foreign>gnam̃ḥ pyā</foreign> fleuve par les rizières du pays ; du côté sud par les rizières du P.L. Iśānavarman, les rizières des dieux, les rizières <supplied reason="subaudible">constituant</supplied> le capital ; du côté ouest par les rizières près des édifices ; du côté nord par le grand canal ; trois <foreign>atam̃ danrāk</foreign> ; 500 <foreign>jāk</foreign> avec <foreign>tandom̃ laṅguv</foreign> <supplied reason="subaudible">de terres</supplied> dénivelées.</p></div></div><div type="commentary"><!-- <p>Concerning <foreign>tandom̃ laṅguv</foreign> (also occurred in <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIC00005.xml">C. 5</ref>), see the discussion in <bibl><ptr target="cic-bibl:ECIC-IV"/>: <check><biblScope>forthcoming</biblScope></check></bibl>.</p>

<p>We do not really know if <foreign>javā</foreign> refered to the indonesian Java, see <bibl><ptr target="cic-bibl:ferlus-2010"/></bibl>.</p> --><p>The term <foreign>laum̃</foreign> (= <foreign>lauv</foreign> or <foreign>lov</foreign>, also occuring in <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIC00030B1.xml">C. 30 B1</ref>) is recorded in the available dictionaries and translated there as 'Chinese'. However, it it possible that, originally, this word (identical to the Thai word used to name the modern state of Laos) suggests Thai-speaking populations. The possibility that the term <foreign>lauv</foreign> used in these inscriptions could designate a Lao population should be kept in mind.</p><!-- <p><bibl><ptr target="cic-bibl:luce-1969-70"/>: <biblScope>8</biblScope></bibl> informs us that <quote>The oldest mentions of Pagán by name, curiously enough, are in two Cham inscription of Phan-Rang (Pāṇḍuraṅga), the Pô-Nagar and the Lom-ngö pillars, anterior to 1050 A.D. In the former the name is written <foreign>Pukam</foreign>, in the latter <foreign>Pukām</foreign></quote>. These two inscriptions are <ref target="C0030B2.xml">C. 30 B2</ref> (one of the inscriptions

from Po Nagar at Nha Trang, which is still<foreign>in situ</foreign>) and C. 7. However, those two inscriptions are not endowed with the oldest mentions of the name of Pagan as there were engraved at the beginning of the 13<hi rend="superscript">th</hi> century, under the reign of Jaya Parameśvaravarman. About the wrong dating of these two inscriptions and the mention of Paganese in Cam inscriptions, see <bibl><ptr target="cic-bibl:ECIC-IV"/>: <check><biblScope>forthcoming</biblScope></check></bibl> and <bibl><ptr target="cic-bibl:griffiths-lepoutre-2013"/>: <check><biblScope>forthcoming</biblScope></check>.</bibl></p>

<p>Concerning <foreign>śvam̃l</foreign> (also occurred in <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIC00005.xml">C. 5</ref>), see the discussion in <bibl><ptr target="cic-bibl:ECIC-IV"/>: <check><biblScope>forthcoming</biblScope></check></bibl>.</p>

<p>Concerning <foreign>mauk</foreign> (also occurred in <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIC00005.xml">C. 5</ref> and <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIC00006.xml">C. 6</ref>), see the discussion in <bibl><ptr target="cic-bibl:ECIC-IV"/>: <check><biblScope>forthcoming</biblScope></check></bibl>.</p>

<p>the word <foreign>ndvā</foreign> is not repertoried in dictionnaries. This hypothetical translation is based on the idea it could be a verb formed with the figure <foreign>dvā</foreign> "two" and the prefix <foreign>n</foreign>-.</p>

<p>One could also find <foreign>pyā</foreign> in <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIC00011.xml">C. 11</ref> A, l. 16 <foreign>vik pyā</foreign>. <bibl><ptr target="cic-bibl:aymonier-1891"/>: <biblScope>72</biblScope></bibl> translated <foreign>vik pyā</foreign> as <quote>une limite partant (de)</quote> with a footnote saying that it is an hypothetical translation and that he could not link these two words with other modern words. In the present state of knowledge, we can not give any translation, see <bibl><ptr target="cic-bibl:ECIC-IV"/>: <check><biblScope>forthcoming</biblScope></check></bibl>.</p>

<p>The words <foreign>atam̃</foreign> and <foreign>danrāk</foreign> are recorded in <bibl><ptr target="cic-bibl:AC-1906"/></bibl>, but without translation.</p>

<p><foreign>mam̃</foreign> is an epheretic form of <foreign>rumam̃</foreign> also found in <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIC00030B4.xml">C. 30 B4</ref>.</p>

<p>The word <foreign>truḥ</foreign> (and its causative form <foreign>patruḥ</foreign>, see <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIC00089.xml">C. 89</ref>) is linked to the malay word <foreign>terus</foreign>. It is an auxiliary verb expressing the accomplishment.</p> --></div><div type="bibliography"><p>A few words were read in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Bergaigne1888_01"/><citedRange unit="page">192</citedRange></bibl>; some more in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Aymonier1891_01"/><citedRange unit="page">52-53</citedRange></bibl>; partially summarised in English, in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Majumdar1985_01"/><citedRange unit="page">209</citedRange></bibl>, whence <bibl><ptr target="bib:Golzio2004_01"/><citedRange unit="page">183</citedRange></bibl>. It was studied in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Jacques1977-1978_01"/><citedRange unit="page">1079-1080</citedRange></bibl> but was integrally published for the first time in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Lepoutre2013_01"/><citedRange unit="page">228-230</citedRange></bibl>, which publication is reproduced here.</p>

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