Rajbhita Stone Inscription of the Time of Mahīpāla I, Year 33

Editors: Anonymous editor.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSBengalCharters00060_old.

Language: Sanskrit.

Repository: Bengal Copper Plates (tfb-bengalcharters-epigraphy).

Version: 2024-08-16 14:10 (3b1ee6e), last modified 2022-08-11 16:32 (5aca66c).

Edition

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⟨1⟩ <symbol> śrīmanmahīpāladevapādīyapravarddhamānavijayarājye samvat· 33 Āśvinadine<punctuation> śrīdeśihaṭṭa| śrījayahaṭṭa<punctuation> śrīgauḍahaṭṭīyasamasta⟨2⟩vaṇiggrāmeṇa<punctuation> śrīsonnakādevīmādhavaśāsana Āgaccakāvacch¡u!⟨i⟩nnagrāma<punctuation> dhātrīpura<punctuation> saptakhātaka<punctuation> khanitrapallī<punctuation> lakkhunnagrāmeṣu<punctuation> ye ke’pi<punctuation>| ⟨3⟩ svasyāṁ svasyāṁ<punctuation> vāṭikāyāṁ<punctuation> vājyabhūmau ca<punctuation> <symbol> guvākanālikeravṛkṣān·<punctuation> ¡Ā!⟨A⟩rjayanti<punctuation> teṣāṁ vāg dattā<punctuation> yathāphalan nālikeravṛkṣam prati paṇa trayam·<punctuation> phala⟨4⟩vadguvākavṛkṣam prati paṇa Ekaḥ<punctuation> ¹ śrīsonnakāmādhavasya pūjārtham<punctuation> pratisamvatsaran tair ddātavyam·<punctuation> yatra<punctuation> prati nālikeravṛkṣaṁ hi(raṇya) pa(ṇa) 3 prati guvākavṛ⟨5⟩kṣaṁ hi(raṇya) pa(ṇa) 1 Etan niyamitā⟨r⟩thāt·<punctuation> ² yaḥ kaś cid anyathā kurute<punctuation> tasya dṛṣṭena<punctuation> śrīmaddevapādāḥ<punctuation> Antarādattāḥ<punctuation> garddabhaḥ pitā| garttaṣūkarī mātā<punctuation> U⟨6⟩ṣṭraḥ pitṛvyo bhavet·<punctuation> ¡ṣ!⟨ś⟩apatha Iti<punctuation>

Apparatus

⟨1⟩ ¡rājye! ⬦ rājñe Hok and Kuddus2005_02; rāje Ray 2009. — ⟨1⟩ ¡haṭṭīya! ⬦ haṭṭa yai Hok and Kuddus2005_02. — ⟨1⟩ ¡samasta! ⬦ samasū Hok and Kuddus2005_02.

⟨2⟩ ¡grāmeṇa! ⬦ grāmena Hok and Kuddus2005_02; dhāmeṇa Ray 2009. — ⟨2⟩ ¡āvacchunna! ⬦ āvacchanna Ray 2009. — ⟨2⟩ ¡ye ke’pi! ⬦ sekyepi Hok and Kuddus2005_02; se ke’pi Furui2013_02; Ray 2009.

⟨3⟩ ¡vājyabhūmau! ⬦ vājñasumau Hok and Kuddus2005_02; yājña [bhī]mau Ray 2009. — ⟨3⟩ ¡ārjayanti! ⬦ ājayanti Ray 2009. — ⟨3⟩ ¡phalan! ⬦ phālan Hok and Kuddus2005_02. — ⟨3⟩ ¡paṇa! ⬦ yaṇa Hok and Kuddus2005_02; pana Ray 2009. — ⟨3⟩ ¡phalavad! ⬦ phālavad Hok and Kuddus2005_02; [phī]lavad Ray 2009.

⟨4⟩ ¡paṇa! ⬦ yaṇa Hok and Kuddus2005_02; pana Ray 2009. — ⟨4⟩ ¡sonnakā! ⬦ sannakā Ray 2009. — ⟨4⟩ ¡samvatsaran tair ddātavyam·! ⬦ samvase rantairddātapyam Hok and Kuddus2005_02; saṁvatsaran tair dolata vyaṁ Ray 2009. — ⟨4⟩ ¡pa 3! ⬦ yaṇṭa Hok and Kuddus2005_02; pa[na] Ray 2009 • Both Hok and Kuddus and Ray failed to recognise the second sign as a numeral. — ⟨4⟩ ¡prati guvāka! ⬦ priti guvāka Ray 2009.

⟨5⟩ ¡hi pa 1! ⬦ di pata Hok and Kuddus2005_02; hi yatra Ray 2009 • Both Hok and Kuddus and Ray failed to recognise the third sign as a numeral. — ⟨5⟩ ¡etan niyamitāthāt·! ⬦ etam niyamitāthāt Hok and Kuddus2005_02; etan niyamita|–[t] Ray 2009. — ⟨5⟩ ¡tasya! ⬦ taṣya Hok and Kuddus2005_02. — ⟨5⟩ ¡Antarādattāḥ! ⬦ antarā dattā Ray 2009. — ⟨5⟩ ¡gartta! ⬦ gastta Hok and Kuddus2005_02.

⟨5-6⟩ ¡Uṣṭraḥ! ⬦ Ustraḥ Ray 2009.

⟨6⟩ ¡pitṛvyo! ⬦ pitṛvye Hok and Kuddus2005_02. — ⟨6⟩ ¡bhavet·! ⬦ bhavetrū Hok and Kuddus2005_02.

Translation

Success! On the day of Āśvina in the year 33 of the prosperous and victorious reign of his majesty the illustrious Mahīpāla (I), the (following) word was given [i.e. an agreement was made] by the association of all the merchants (samastavaṇiggrāma) belonging to illustrious Deśihaṭṭa, illustrious Jayahaṭṭa and illustrious Gauḍahaṭṭa, about all those who cause to grow areca nut and coconut trees at each small garden and vājyabhūmi of their own in Dhātrīpura, Saptakhātaka, Khanitrapallī and Lakkhunnagrāma, which are the villages coming to [i.e. belonging to] and demarcated in the donated tract (śāsana) of illustrious Sonnakādevīmādhava (ll. 1–3): “three paṇas per coconut tree according to the (growth of) fruit (and) one paṇa per fruit-bearing areca nut tree should be given by them every year for the worship of illustrious Sonnakāmādhava (ll. 3–4). In this regard, it is thus determined according to the cause: for each coconut tree hi(raṇya) pa(ṇa) 3, for each areca nut tree hi(raṇya) pa(ṇa) 1 (ll. 4–5). In full view of the one who does anything otherwise, his majesty the illustrious deity [i.e. Sonnakāmādhava] will be withdrawn; his father will be a donkey, his mother a sow of the ditch and his paternal uncle a camel. (This is) the curse.” (ll. 5–6)

Commentary

The inscription records an agreement made by the association of all the merchants belonging to the three markets, in relation to those members who grow areca nut and coconut trees in their own small gardens and vājyabhūmis in the four villages belonging to the donated tract of a deity called Sonnnakādevīmādhava. It is agreed that they would annually pay in cash (hiraṇya) three paṇas per coconut tree and one paṇa per areca nut tree for worship of the deity. This transaction implies that some merchants of the association leased plots in the revenue-free tracts of the deity and cultivated fruit-bearing trees on them. The recorded agreement set the terms of the lease at the annual payment of a fixed amount in cash for worship of the deity, presumably through the association. It presupposes the sale of fruits by the merchants, and any money remaining after payment of prescribed dues seems to have belonged to them.

Bibliography

bibliography of previous editions, discussion, etc.

Notes

1. image
2. image

Display Options Word Wrap Line Numbers Comments Processing Instructions

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<title>Rajbhita Stone Inscription of the Time of Mahīpāla I, Year 33</title>

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<idno type="filename">tfbBengalCharters00060</idno>

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<repository>Varendra Research Museum</repository>

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<p>A <objectType>slab</objectType> of <material>gray schist</material>:

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Six lines of inscription, engraved on the upper half of the surface. Of them, the three lines from the third and fourth run across a fleuron and a image of camel, and the last stops short before the same image.

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<handNote>Gauḍī/Proto-Bengali datable to the eleventh century. Neatly engraved in clear lines.</handNote>

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<decoNote>High relief in the lower part, which depicts three animals facing to the right: a donkey copulating with a sow and a camel behind them. A fleuron above the head of camel.</decoNote>

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Āśvina day (Autumn Equinox), the 33rd year of the reign of Mahīpāla I. On the other circumstantial evidence, assignable to the first half of the eleventh century.

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Mound Rajbhita in Hatpada mauza (village) of Jabarhat union, Pirganj upazila, Thakurgaon district in Rangpur subdivision, Bangladesh.

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<lb n="3"/>svasyāṁ svasyāṁ<g type="punctuation">|</g> vāṭikāyāṁ<g type="punctuation">|</g> vājyabhūmau ca<g type="punctuation">|</g> <g type="symbol"/> guvākanālikeravṛkṣān·<g type="punctuation">|</g> <choice><orig>Ā</orig><corr>A</corr></choice>rjayanti<g type="punctuation">|</g> teṣāṁ vāg dattā<g type="punctuation">|</g> yathāphalan nālikeravṛkṣam prati paṇa trayam·<g type="punctuation">|</g> phala<lb n="4" break="no"/>vadguvākavṛkṣam prati paṇa Ekaḥ<g type="punctuation">|</g> <note>image</note> śrīsonnakāmādhavasya pūjārtham<g type="punctuation">|</g> pratisamvatsaran tair ddātavyam·<g type="punctuation">|</g> yatra<g type="punctuation">|</g> prati nālikeravṛkṣaṁ <expan><abbr>hi</abbr><ex>raṇya</ex></expan> <expan><abbr>pa</abbr><ex>ṇa</ex></expan> 3 prati guvākavṛ<lb n="5" break="no"/>kṣaṁ <expan><abbr>hi</abbr><ex>raṇya</ex></expan> <expan><abbr>pa</abbr><ex>ṇa</ex></expan> 1 Etan niyamitā<supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied>thāt·<g type="punctuation">|</g> <note>image</note> yaḥ kaś cid anyathā kurute<g type="punctuation">|</g> tasya dṛṣṭena<g type="punctuation">|</g> śrīmaddevapādāḥ<g type="punctuation">|</g> Antarādattāḥ<g type="punctuation">|</g> garddabhaḥ pitā| garttaṣūkarī mātā<g type="punctuation">|</g> U<lb n="6" break="no"/>ṣṭraḥ pitṛvyo bhavet·<g type="punctuation">|</g> <choice><orig>ṣ</orig><corr>ś</corr></choice>apatha Iti<g type="punctuation">|</g>

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<lem><orig>rājye</orig></lem>

<rdg source="Hok and Kuddus2005_02">rājñe</rdg>

</app>

<lem><orig>haṭṭīya</orig></lem>

<rdg source="Hok and Kuddus2005_02">haṭṭa yai</rdg>

</app>

<lem><orig>samasta</orig></lem>

<rdg source="Hok and Kuddus2005_02">samasū</rdg>

</app>

<lem><orig>grāmeṇa</orig></lem>

<rdg source="Hok and Kuddus2005_02">grāmena</rdg>

<rdg source="Ray2009_01">dhāmeṇa</rdg>

</app>

<lem><orig>āvacchunna</orig></lem>

<rdg source="Ray2009_01">āvacchanna</rdg>

</app>

<rdg source="Hok and Kuddus2005_02">sekyepi</rdg>

</app>

<lem><orig>vājyabhūmau</orig></lem>

<rdg source="Hok and Kuddus2005_02">vājñasumau</rdg>

<rdg source="Ray2009_01">yājña [bhī]mau</rdg>

</app>

<lem><orig>ārjayanti</orig></lem>

<rdg source="Ray2009_01">ājayanti</rdg>

</app>

<lem><orig>phalan</orig></lem>

<rdg source="Hok and Kuddus2005_02">phālan</rdg>

</app>

</app>

<lem><orig>phalavad</orig></lem>

<rdg source="Hok and Kuddus2005_02">phālavad</rdg>

<rdg source="Ray2009_01">[phī]lavad</rdg>

</app>

</app>

<lem><orig>sonnakā</orig></lem>

<rdg source="Ray2009_01">sannakā</rdg>

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<lem><orig>samvatsaran tair ddātavyam·</orig></lem>

<rdg source="Hok and Kuddus2005_02">samvase rantairddātapyam</rdg>

<rdg source="Ray2009_01">saṁvatsaran tair dolata vyaṁ</rdg>

</app>

<rdg source="Hok and Kuddus2005_02">yaṇṭa</rdg>

<note> Both Hok and Kuddus and Ray failed to recognise the second sign as a numeral.</note>

</app>

<lem><orig>prati guvāka</orig></lem>

<rdg source="Ray2009_01">priti guvāka</rdg>

</app>

<rdg source="Ray2009_01">hi yatra</rdg>

<note>Both Hok and Kuddus and Ray failed to recognise the third sign as a numeral.</note>

</app>

<lem><orig>etan niyamitāthāt·</orig></lem>

<rdg source="Hok and Kuddus2005_02">etam niyamitāthāt</rdg>

<rdg source="Ray2009_01">etan niyamita|–[t]</rdg>

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<lem><orig>tasya</orig></lem>

<rdg source="Hok and Kuddus2005_02">taṣya</rdg>

</app>

<lem><orig>Antarādattāḥ</orig></lem>

<rdg source="Ray2009_01">antarā dattā</rdg>

</app>

<lem><orig>gartta</orig></lem>

<rdg source="Hok and Kuddus2005_02">gastta</rdg>

</app>

<lem><orig>Uṣṭraḥ</orig></lem>

<rdg source="Ray2009_01">Ustraḥ</rdg>

</app>

<lem><orig>pitṛvyo</orig></lem>

<rdg source="Hok and Kuddus2005_02">pitṛvye</rdg>

</app>

<lem><orig>bhavet·</orig></lem>

<rdg source="Hok and Kuddus2005_02">bhavetrū</rdg>

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<p>

</p>

</div>

<p>bibliography of previous editions, discussion, etc.</p>

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