Guḍimallūr, Bhūmīśvara temple, time of Ariyaṇa-Uḍaiyar, Tuntumi year

Editor: Dorotea Operato.

Identifier: DHARMA_INStfaSIIv41p0i0204.

Summary: Refers to a quarrel between the Right and Left hand castes which lasted for four years.

Hand description:

No distinction between o and ō.

Languages: Sanskrit, Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (tfa) (tfa-sii-epigraphy).

Version: 2025-04-08 16:59 (05cda97), last modified 2025-03-18 14:55 (36884e2).

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī

Ari⟨ya⟩ṇa Uṭaiyārkku cellā niṉṟa (tu)mtumi varu⟨2⟩ṣam tai mātam mutal tiyati

valliyūr Uṭaiyār ma⟨ṇ⟩ṇai-nāyanār ⟨3⟩ k¡o!⟨ō⟩yil tānattār¡o!⟨ō⟩m Iṉ-ṉāyanār (ti)ru-maṭai-viḷākattil ⟨4⟩ (ka)varipiṇā poṟk¡o!⟨ō⟩yil kaikk¡o!⟨ō⟩ḷaṟakku Aṟu(ti) paṇṇi-k kuṭutta ⟨5⟩ (paṭi)

Iv-ūr valaṅkai Iṭaṅkai ciluk’ āy nālu-varuṣam pāḻ-(ki)ṭakkaiyil ⟨6⟩ ⟨ku⟩ṭi Ēṟa-k-kaṭavarkaḷ Ākavum
kuṭi Ēṟi Iṭattu taṟi-k-kaṭamai-vācal paṇam ⟨7⟩ Aiñcu paṇam koḷḷa-k-kaṭavatu Ākavum

paṭṭaṭai nāṇayattuku pattil ⟨8⟩ Aiñcu māṉiyattu Āṇṭu Oṉṟukku taṟi Oṉṟukku Oru paṇam ko(ḷḷavum) ⟨9⟩ maṟṟum Uḷḷa cakala Upātikaḷum Uṭpaṭa Āṇṭ’ oṉṟukku taṟi Oṉṟukku

Apparatus

⟨1⟩ tumtumi ⬦ SII • Probably read tuntupi.

Translation by Dorotea Operato

(1) Prosperity! Fortune!

(1–2) On the first lunar day of the month of Tai in the year Dundubhi, durig the reign of Ariyaṇa Uṭaiyār,

(3–4) (this is the manner in which) we, the executors of temple endowments at the temple of god Maṇṇai who owns Valliyūr, have drafted and issued an order in the area surrounding the glorious temple (tiru-maṭai-viḷākattil) of this god, for the temple functionaries and trustees (kavarppiṇā, porkoyil kaikkōlarkku)

(5–9)

so that those who have assembled in Pāḻkiṭakkail [during the past] four years, that is during the dispute (ciluku) between the Right-hand and Left-hand castes of this village, shall remain (ēṟa-k-kaṭavarkaḷ) [there]
and so that those who assembled and reside in this place shall collect five paṇams [for] taxes on looms (taṟi-kaṭamai) [and] dues at the place gate (vācal paṇam).

In the five low-rent lands (māṉiyattil) in the village, one paṇam per one loom (taṟi) shall be collected per year for tax on trade (paṭṭaṭai nāṇayattuku). […]per one loom per year, including all the other dues (cakala upātikaḷum) that exist […].

(9) ...¹

Commentary

This inscription is incomplete.

Tuntumi year = year 1382 (Śaka 1304) according to Rajagopal 2019; Śaka year 1305 according to ARIE 1905-1906

Bibliography

Reported in ARIE 1905-1906 (ARIE/1905-1906/B/1905/422).

Edited in Rajagopal 2019 (SII 41.204).

This digital edition by Dorotea Operato, based on Rajagopal 2019.

Primary

[SII] Rajagopal, S. 2019. South Indian inscriptions. Volume XLI: Inscriptions collected during the year 1905. South Indian Inscriptions 41. New Delhi: Archaeological survey of India (Director General). Page 231, item 204.

Secondary

ARIE 1905-1906. G.O. No. 492, 2nd July 1906. Epigraphy. Recording the annual report of the Assistant Archaeological Superintendent for Epigraphy, Southern Circle, for the year 1905-1906, and directing that the report be forwarded to the Government of India. Edited by V. Venkayya. No place, 1906. Page 27, appendix B/1905, item 422.

Notes

1. The rest of the inscription is built in.

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<summary>Refers to a quarrel between the Right and Left hand castes which lasted for four years.</summary>

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<lb n="1"/>svasti śrī

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<p>Ari<reg>ya</reg>ṇa Uṭaiyārkku cellā niṉṟa <unclear>tu</unclear>mtumi varu

<lb n="2" break="no"/><hi rend="bold">ṣa</hi>m tai mātam mutal tiyati

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valliyūr Uṭaiyār ma<supplied reason="omitted">ṇ</supplied>ṇai-nāyanār

<lb n="3"/>k<choice><orig>o</orig><reg>ō</reg></choice>yil tānattār<choice><orig>o</orig><reg>ō</reg></choice>m Iṉ-ṉāyanār <unclear>ti</unclear>ru-maṭai-viḷākattil

<lb n="4"/><unclear>ka</unclear>varipiṇā poṟk<choice><orig>o</orig><reg>ō</reg></choice>yil kaikk<choice><orig>o</orig><reg>ō</reg></choice>ḷaṟakku Aṟu<unclear>ti</unclear> paṇṇi-k kuṭutta

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<item>Iv-ūr valaṅkai Iṭaṅkai ciluk' āy nālu-varu<hi rend="grantha">ṣa</hi>m pāḻ-<unclear>ki</unclear>ṭakkaiyil

<lb n="6"/><supplied reason="omitted">ku</supplied>ṭi Ēṟa-k-kaṭavarkaḷ Ākavum</item>

<item>kuṭi Ēṟi Iṭattu taṟi-k-kaṭamai-vācal paṇam

<lb n="7"/>Aiñcu paṇam koḷḷa-k-kaṭavatu Ākavum</item></list>

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paṭṭaṭai nāṇayattuku pattil

<lb n="8"/>Aiñcu māṉiyattu Āṇṭu Oṉṟukku taṟi Oṉṟukku Oru paṇam ko<unclear>ḷḷavum</unclear>

<lb n="9"/>maṟṟum Uḷḷa cakala Upātikaḷum Uṭpaṭa Āṇṭ’ oṉṟukku taṟi Oṉṟukku

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Prosperity! Fortune!

</p>

<p n="1-2">On the first lunar day of the month of Tai in the year Dundubhi, durig the reign of Ariyaṇa Uṭaiyār,</p>

<p n="3-4"><unclear>this is the manner in which</unclear> we, the executors of temple endowments at the temple of god Maṇṇai who owns Valliyūr, have drafted and issued an order in the area surrounding the glorious temple <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tiru-maṭai-viḷākattil</foreign></supplied> of this god, for the temple functionaries and trustees <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kavarppiṇā, porkoyil kaikkōlarkku</foreign></supplied></p>

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<item>so that those who have assembled in Pāḻkiṭakkail <supplied reason="subaudible">during the past</supplied> four years, that is during the dispute <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ciluku</foreign></supplied> between the Right-hand and Left-hand castes of this village, shall remain <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ēṟa-k-kaṭavarkaḷ</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">there</supplied></item>

<item>and so that those who assembled and reside in this place shall collect five <foreign>paṇam</foreign>s <supplied reason="subaudible">for</supplied> taxes on looms <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>taṟi-kaṭamai</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">and</supplied> dues at the place gate <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>vācal paṇam</foreign></supplied>.</item>

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In the five low-rent lands <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>māṉiyattil</foreign></supplied> in the village, one <foreign>paṇam</foreign> per one loom <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>taṟi</foreign></supplied> shall be collected per year for tax on trade <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>paṭṭaṭai nāṇayattuku</foreign></supplied>. <gap reason="lost"/>per one loom per year, including all the other dues <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>cakala upātikaḷum</foreign></supplied> that exist <gap reason="lost"/>.

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<p n="9">...<note>The rest of the inscription is built in.</note></p>

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<p>This inscription is incomplete.</p>

<p>Tuntumi year = year 1382 (Śaka 1304) according to <bibl><ptr target="bib:Rajagopal2019_01"/></bibl>; Śaka year 1305 according to <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1905-1906"/></bibl></p>

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<lem>tumtumi</lem>

<note>Probably read <foreign>tuntupi</foreign>.</note>

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<p>Reported in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1905-1906"/></bibl> (ARIE/1905-1906/B/1905/422).</p>

<p>Edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Rajagopal2019_01"/></bibl> (SII 41.204).</p>

<p>This digital edition by Dorotea Operato, based on <bibl><ptr target="bib:Rajagopal2019_01"/></bibl>.</p>

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