Āṭutuṟai, Aparādhakṣamēśvara Temple

Author of digital edition: Dorotea Operato (doop).

Summary: Records a resolution of the 98 sub-castes of Left-hand and Right-hand castes to meet to hear complains about royal officials, Brahmins and Veḷḷāḷars.

Languages: Source (source), Tamil (tam).

Version: 2025-09-24 17:36 (724458c), last modified 2025-09-24 17:36 (724458c).

Edition

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī ṣavumiya varuṣam· cittirai ௴ 10 6 ௳ kāveri vaṭa-karai virutarāca-payaṅkara-vaḷa-nāṭṭu m¡e!ṟkā-
⟨2⟩ nāṭṭu iruṅkoḷappāṭi-p-pāṇṭiya-vaḷa-nāṭṭu-p poṉparappi cūḻnta patiṉ-(eṭ)ṭu-p paṟṟil viṭṭa-paṟṟu-
⟨3⟩ Ukaḷḷūṟ-kūṟṟattu Ukaḷḷūṟ-paṟṟu kuraṅkāṭiyatuṟai Uṭaiyār kuṟṟam p(oṟu)tt’ aruḷiya nāyiṉār
⟨4⟩ k¡o!yilil tiru-k-kaṭṭaḷaiyil vaḻutalampaṭṭu-Ucāvaṭiyil valaṅkai toṇṇūṟṟ’ eṭṭum Iṭaṅ-
⟨5⟩ kai toṇṇūṟṟ’ eṭṭum niṟai-vaṟa niṟaintu kuṟai-vaṟa-k kūṭi iruntu kal-veṭṭiṉa paṭi Inta maṇṭala-
⟨6⟩ ttil Ucāvaṭi-p piṟatāṉi vaṉṉiyar c¿i?vitakāṟar ṉe(ṭukka)m paṇṇiṉālum kāṇiyāḷar-āṉa pirāmaṇar
⟨7⟩ veḷḷāḻar ip-paṭi-k-kotta maṉittar Irāca-karattārai-k koṇṭu namakku Oru t(ā)ḻvu niṉaittālum nammil(o)-
⟨8⟩ rkku Iṭaṅ kuṭukkutal koṭcollukutal (cannācar) paṭṭaiyattai (k)oviṉātaṉ kālāl Iru-pattu-nālu Aṭi1-
⟨9⟩ (ku)ṭiyaiyum Aḻittāl Ivaṉai-y-varum y-iṉṟu-p¿o?la kūṭi Iruntu keṭṭu-k-koḷḷa-k kaṭav¡o!m ā(ka)
⟨10⟩ ṇṭalattukkuḷḷ¡e! (y)-ātoruttar nāṭṭu-t tur¡o!kam paṇṇukutal kāri(ya)m (c)eyttal kaṇa(kku) Eḻutu{ku}tal […]e2

Apparatus

⟨6⟩ ṇeṭukkam ⬦ SII • Probably read naṭukkam.

⟨10⟩ ṇṭalattukkuḷḷē ⬦ SII • Probably read maṇṭalattukkuḷḷē.

Translation

⟨1⟩ Prosperity! Fortune!

⟨1⟩ On the 16th day of the month of Cittirai, in Saumya year.

⟨1–5⟩ As stated in the stone inscription, the ninety-eight sub-castes of the Right-hand caste and the ninety-eight sub-castes of the Left-hand caste in Vaḻutalampaṭṭu-ucāvaṭi, having assembled in full without deficiency in the glorious endowed land (tiru-kaṭṭalai) of the temple of Kuṟṟampoṟuttaruḷiya Nāyiṉār of Kuraṅkāṭiyatuṟai, in Viṭṭapaṟṟu-ukaḷḷūṟ-kūṟṟam, in the eighteen villages that surround Poṉparappi in Iruṅkoḷappāṭipāṇṭiya-vaḷanāṭu, in Mēṟkā-nāṭu, in Virutarācapayaṅkara-vaḷanāṭu, on the northern banks of the Kāveri,

⟨5–6⟩ since the ucāvaṭippiṟatāṉis, the vaṉṉiyars, and the cīvitakāṟars in this region have caused [us] distress,

⟨6–7⟩ and since the Brahmanas who own the lands, the Veḷḷāḷars, and men such as these (ip-paṭikkotta) plan (niṉaittālum) our degradation, allying with the royal officials (irāja-karattārai),

⟨7–9⟩ [made an agreement] … (so that) we should all gather and sit like today and hear [the complaints]. […] anyone (yātoruttar) inside the region behaves and acts as a traitor to the country, writes [a report] to the assembly, […]

Commentary

Date = c.a. 14th-15th century according to Sundaram 2010.

Bibliography

Reported in ARIE 1912-13 (ARIE/1912-1913/C/1913/34).

Edited in Sundaram 2010 (SII 28.34).

This digital edition by Dorotea Operato, based on Sundaram 2010.

Primary

[SII] Sundaram, J. 2010. South Indian inscriptions. Volume XXVIII: inscriptions copied during the year 1913. South Indian Inscriptions 28. New Delhi: Archaeological survey of India (Director General). Pages 49–51, item 34.

Secondary

ARIE 1912-13. G.O. No. 961, 2nd August 1913. Epigraphy. Recording the progress report of the Assistant Archaeological Superintendent for [Epigraphy], Southern Circle, for the year 1912-1913. Edited by H. Krishna Sastri. No place, 1913. Page 71, appendix C/1913, item 34.

Notes

1. A detached piece which seems to be a continuation of line 8 and 9 reads i) yum vāla-k ii) vum Intam according to Sundaram 2010
2. The rest of the inscription is lost.

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<lb n="1"/><hi rend="grantha">svasti śrī</hi>

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<p><hi rend="grantha">ṣa</hi>vumiya varu<hi rend="grantha">ṣam·</hi> cittirai <g type="mācam"/> <num value="16"><g type="numeral">10</g> 6</num> <g type="tēti"/>

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kāveri vaṭa-karai virutarāca-payaṅkara-vaḷa-nāṭṭu m<choice><orig>e</orig><reg>ē</reg></choice>ṟkā

<lb n="2" break="no"/>nāṭṭu iruṅkoḷappāṭi-p-pāṇṭiya-vaḷa-nāṭṭu-p poṉparappi cūḻnta patiṉ-<unclear>eṭ</unclear>ṭu-p paṟṟil viṭṭa-paṟṟu

<lb n="3" break="no"/>Ukaḷḷūṟ-kūṟṟattu Ukaḷḷūṟ-paṟṟu kuraṅkāṭiyatuṟai Uṭaiyār kuṟṟam p<unclear>oṟu</unclear>tt’ aruḷiya nāyiṉār

<lb n="4"/>k<choice><orig>o</orig><reg>ō</reg></choice>yilil tiru-k-kaṭṭaḷaiyil vaḻutalampaṭṭu-Ucāvaṭiyil valaṅkai toṇṇūṟṟ’ eṭṭum Iṭaṅ

<lb n="5" break="no"/>kai toṇṇūṟṟ’ eṭṭum niṟai-vaṟa niṟaintu kuṟai-vaṟa-k kūṭi iruntu kal-veṭṭiṉa paṭi</p>

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Inta maṇṭala

<lb n="6" break="no"/>ttil Ucāvaṭi-p piṟatāṉi vaṉṉiyar c<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>vitakāṟar ṉe<unclear>ṭukka</unclear>m paṇṇiṉālum

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kāṇiyāḷar-āṉa pirāmaṇar

<lb n="7"/>veḷḷāḻar ip-paṭi-k-kotta maṉittar Irāca-karattārai-k koṇṭu namakku Oru t<unclear>ā</unclear>ḻvu niṉaittālum

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nammil<unclear>o</unclear>

<lb n="8" break="no"/>rkku Iṭaṅ kuṭukkutal koṭcollukutal <unclear>cannācar</unclear> paṭṭaiyattai <unclear>k</unclear>oviṉātaṉ kālāl Iru-pattu-nālu Aṭi<note>A detached piece which seems to be a continuation of line 8 and 9 reads i) <foreign>yum vāla-k</foreign> ii) <foreign>vum Intam</foreign> according to <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sundaram2010_01"/></bibl></note>

<lb n="9" break="no"/><unclear>ku</unclear>ṭiyaiyum Aḻittāl Ivaṉai-y-varum y-iṉṟu-p<choice><sic>o</sic><corr>ō</corr></choice>la kūṭi Iruntu keṭṭu-k-koḷḷa-k kaṭav<choice><orig>o</orig><reg>ō</reg></choice>m ā<unclear>ka</unclear>

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<lb n="10"/><seg rend="check">ṇṭalattukkuḷḷ</seg><choice><orig>e</orig><reg>ē</reg></choice> <unclear>y</unclear>-ātoruttar nāṭṭu-t tur<choice><orig>o</orig><reg>ō</reg></choice>kam paṇṇukutal kāri<unclear>ya</unclear>m <unclear>c</unclear>eyttal kaṇa<unclear>kku</unclear> Eḻutu<surplus>ku</surplus>tal <gap reason="lost"/>e<note>The rest of the inscription is lost.</note>

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<lem>ṇeṭukkam</lem>

<note>Probably read <foreign>naṭukkam</foreign>.</note>

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<lem>ṇṭalattukkuḷḷē</lem>

<note>Probably read <foreign>maṇṭalattukkuḷḷē</foreign>.</note>

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Prosperity! Fortune!

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<p n="1">On the 16th day of the month of Cittirai, in Saumya year.

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<p n="1-5">As stated in the stone inscription, the ninety-eight sub-castes of the Right-hand caste and the ninety-eight sub-castes of the Left-hand caste in Vaḻutalampaṭṭu-ucāvaṭi, having assembled in full without deficiency in the glorious endowed land <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tiru-kaṭṭalai</foreign></supplied> of the temple of Kuṟṟampoṟuttaruḷiya Nāyiṉār of Kuraṅkāṭiyatuṟai, in Viṭṭapaṟṟu-ukaḷḷūṟ-kūṟṟam, in the eighteen villages that surround Poṉparappi in Iruṅkoḷappāṭipāṇṭiya-vaḷanāṭu, in Mēṟkā-nāṭu, in Virutarācapayaṅkara-vaḷanāṭu, on the northern banks of the Kāveri,</p>

since the <foreign>ucāvaṭippiṟatāṉi</foreign>s, the <foreign>vaṉṉiyar</foreign>s, and the <foreign>cīvitakāṟar</foreign>s in this region have caused <supplied reason="subaudible">us</supplied> distress,</p>

<p n="6-7">and since the Brahmanas who own the lands, the Veḷḷāḷars, and men such as these <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ip-paṭikkotta</foreign></supplied> plan <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>niṉaittālum</foreign></supplied> our degradation, allying with the royal officials <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>irāja-karattārai</foreign></supplied>,</p>

<supplied reason="subaudible">made an agreement</supplied> <gap reason="ellipsis"/>

<unclear>so that</unclear> we should all gather and sit like today and hear <supplied reason="subaudible">the complaints</supplied>. <gap reason="lost"/> anyone <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>yātoruttar</foreign></supplied> inside the region behaves and acts as a traitor to the country, writes <supplied reason="subaudible">a report</supplied> to the assembly, <gap reason="lost"/>

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<p>Date = c.a. 14th-15th century according to <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sundaram2010_01"/></bibl>.</p>

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<p>Reported in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1912-1913"/></bibl> (ARIE/1912-1913/C/1913/34).</p>

<p>Edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sundaram2010_01"/></bibl> (SII 28.34).</p>

<p>This digital edition by Dorotea Operato, based on <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sundaram2010_01"/></bibl>.</p>

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