Āṭutuṟai, Aparādhakṣamēśvara Temple

Editor: Dorotea Operato.

Identifier: DHARMA_INStfaSIIv28p0i0034.

Summary: Records a resolution of the 98 sub-castes of Left-hand and Right-hand castes to meet to hear complains about royal officials, Brahmins and Veḷḷāḷars.

Hand description:

Languages: Sanskrit, Source, Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (tfa) (tfa-sii-epigraphy).

Version: 2025-03-27 13:52 (f015d1f), last modified 2025-03-19 11:31 (7a1705b).

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī

ṣavumiya varuṣam· cittirai ௴ 10 6 ௳

kāveri vaṭa-karai virutarāca-payaṅkara-vaḷa-nāṭṭu m¡e!⟨ē⟩ṟkā⟨2⟩nāṭṭu iruṅkoḷappāṭi-p-pāṇṭiya-vaḷa-nāṭṭu-p poṉparappi cūḻnta patiṉ-(eṭ)ṭu-p paṟṟil viṭṭa-paṟṟu⟨3⟩Ukaḷḷūṟ-kūṟṟattu Ukaḷḷūṟ-paṟṟu kuraṅkāṭiyatuṟai Uṭaiyār kuṟṟam p(oṟu)tt’ aruḷiya nāyiṉār ⟨4⟩ k¡o!⟨ō⟩yilil tiru-k-kaṭṭaḷaiyil vaḻutalampaṭṭu-Ucāvaṭiyil valaṅkai toṇṇūṟṟ’ eṭṭum Iṭaṅ⟨5⟩kai toṇṇūṟṟ’ eṭṭum niṟai-vaṟa niṟaintu kuṟai-vaṟa-k kūṭi iruntu kal-veṭṭiṉa paṭi

Inta maṇṭala⟨6⟩ttil Ucāvaṭi-p piṟatāṉi vaṉṉiyar c¿i?⟨ī⟩vitakāṟar ṉe(ṭukka)m paṇṇiṉālum

kāṇiyāḷar-āṉa pirāmaṇar ⟨7⟩ veḷḷāḻar ip-paṭi-k-kotta maṉittar Irāca-karattārai-k koṇṭu namakku Oru t(ā)ḻvu niṉaittālum

nammil(o)⟨8⟩rkku Iṭaṅ kuṭukkutal koṭcollukutal (cannācar) paṭṭaiyattai (k)oviṉātaṉ kālāl Iru-pattu-nālu Aṭi¹⟨9⟩(ku)ṭiyaiyum Aḻittāl Ivaṉai-y-varum y-iṉṟu-p¿o?⟨ō⟩la kūṭi Iruntu keṭṭu-k-koḷḷa-k kaṭav¡o!⟨ō⟩m ā(ka)

⟨10⟩ ṇṭalattukkuḷḷ¡e!⟨ē⟩ (y)-ātoruttar nāṭṭu-t tur¡o!⟨ō⟩kam paṇṇukutal kāri(ya)m (c)eyttal kaṇa(kku) Eḻutu{ku}tal […]e²

Apparatus

⟨6⟩ ṇeṭukkam ⬦ SII • Probably read naṭukkam.

⟨10⟩ ṇṭalattukkuḷḷē ⬦ SII • Probably read maṇṭalattukkuḷḷē.

Translation by Dorotea Operato

(1) Prosperity! Fortune!

(1) On the 16th day of the month of Cittirai, in Saumya year.

(1–5) As stated in the stone inscription, the ninety-eight sub-castes of the Right-hand caste and the ninety-eight sub-castes of the Left-hand caste in Vaḻutalampaṭṭu-ucāvaṭi, having assembled in full without deficiency in the glorious endowed land (tiru-kaṭṭalai) of the temple of Kuṟṟampoṟuttaruḷiya Nāyiṉār of Kuraṅkāṭiyatuṟai, in Viṭṭapaṟṟu-ukaḷḷūṟ-kūṟṟam, in the eighteen villages that surround Poṉparappi in Iruṅkoḷappāṭipāṇṭiya-vaḷanāṭu, in Mēṟkā-nāṭu, in Virutarācapayaṅkara-vaḷanāṭu, on the northern banks of the Kāveri,

(5–6) since the ucāvaṭippiṟatāṉis, the vaṉṉiyars, and the cīvitakāṟars in this region have caused [us] distress,

(6–7) and since the Brahmanas who own the lands, the Veḷḷāḷars, and men such as these (ip-paṭikkotta) plan (niṉaittālum) our degradation, allying with the royal officials (irāja-karattārai),

(7–9) [made an agreement] … (so that) we should all gather and sit like today and hear [the complaints]. […] anyone (yātoruttar) inside the region behaves and acts as a traitor to the country, writes [a report] to the assembly, […]

Commentary

Date = c.a. 14th-15th century according to Sundaram 2010.

Bibliography

Reported in Krishna Sastri 1913 (ARIE/1912-1913/C/1913/34).

Edited in Sundaram 2010 (SII 28.34).

This digital edition by Dorotea Operato, based on Sundaram 2010.

Primary

[SII] Sundaram, J. 2010. South Indian inscriptions. Volume XXVIII: inscriptions copied during the year 1913. South Indian Inscriptions 28. New Delhi: Archaeological survey of India (Director General). Pages 49–51, item 34.

Secondary

Krishna Sastri, H. 1913. G.O. No. 961, 2nd August 1913. Epigraphy. Recording the progress report of the Assistant Archaeological Superintendent for [Epigraphy], Southern Circle, for the year 1912-1913. No place. Page 71, appendix C/1913, item 34.

Notes

1. A detached piece which seems to be a continuation of line 8 and 9 reads i) yum vāla-k ii) vum Intam according to Sundaram 2010
2. The rest of the inscription is lost.

Display Options Word Wrap Line Numbers Comments Processing Instructions

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/erc-dharma/project-documentation/master/schema/latest/DHARMA_Schema.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?>

<?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/erc-dharma/project-documentation/master/schema/latest/DHARMA_SQF.sch" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>

<?xml-model href="https://epidoc.stoa.org/schema/latest/tei-epidoc.rng" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?>

<?xml-model href="https://epidoc.stoa.org/schema/latest/tei-epidoc.rng" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>

<title>Āṭutuṟai, Aparādhakṣamēśvara Temple</title>

<resp>author of digital edition</resp>

<forename>Dorotea</forename>

<surname>Operato</surname>

</persName>

</respStmt>

</titleStmt>

<authority>DHARMA</authority>

<pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>

<idno type="filename">DHARMA_INStfaSIIv28p0i0034</idno>

<p>This work is licenced under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported

Licence. To view a copy of the licence, visit

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to

Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View,

California, 94041, USA.</p>

</licence>

</availability>

</publicationStmt>

<repository>DHARMAbase</repository>

<idno/>

</msIdentifier>

<summary>Records a resolution of the 98 sub-castes of Left-hand and Right-hand castes to meet to hear complains about royal officials, Brahmins and Veḷḷāḷars.</summary>

</msContents>

<p/>

</handDesc>

</physDesc>

</msDesc>

</sourceDesc>

</fileDesc>

<p>The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC)

under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant

agreement no 809994).</p>

</projectDesc>

<p>Public URIs with the prefix bib to point to a Zotero Group Library named

ERC-DHARMA whose data are open to the public.</p>

</prefixDef>

<p>Internal URIs using the part prefix to point to person elements in the

<ref>DHARMA_IdListMembers_v01.xml</ref> file.</p>

</prefixDef>

</listPrefixDef>

</encodingDesc>

<change who="part:doop" when="2025-03-18">Creation of the file on the repository</change>

</revisionDesc>

</teiHeader>

<body>

<lb n="1"/>svasti śrī

</ab>

<p><hi rend="grantha">ṣa</hi>vumiya varu<hi rend="grantha">ṣam·</hi> cittirai <g type="mācam"/> <num value="16"><g type="numeral">10</g> 6</num> <g type="tēti"/>

</p>

<p>

kāveri vaṭa-karai virutarāca-payaṅkara-vaḷa-nāṭṭu m<choice><orig>e</orig><reg>ē</reg></choice>ṟkā

<lb n="2" break="no"/>nāṭṭu iruṅkoḷappāṭi-p-pāṇṭiya-vaḷa-nāṭṭu-p poṉparappi cūḻnta patiṉ-<unclear>eṭ</unclear>ṭu-p paṟṟil viṭṭa-paṟṟu

<lb n="3" break="no"/>Ukaḷḷūṟ-kūṟṟattu Ukaḷḷūṟ-paṟṟu kuraṅkāṭiyatuṟai Uṭaiyār kuṟṟam p<unclear>oṟu</unclear>tt’ aruḷiya nāyiṉār

<lb n="4"/>k<choice><orig>o</orig><reg>ō</reg></choice>yilil tiru-k-kaṭṭaḷaiyil vaḻutalampaṭṭu-Ucāvaṭiyil valaṅkai toṇṇūṟṟ’ eṭṭum Iṭaṅ

<lb n="5" break="no"/>kai toṇṇūṟṟ’ eṭṭum niṟai-vaṟa niṟaintu kuṟai-vaṟa-k kūṭi iruntu kal-veṭṭiṉa paṭi</p>

<p>

Inta maṇṭala

<lb n="6" break="no"/>ttil Ucāvaṭi-p piṟatāṉi vaṉṉiyar c<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>vitakāṟar ṉe<unclear>ṭukka</unclear>m paṇṇiṉālum

</p>

<p>

kāṇiyāḷar-āṉa pirāmaṇar

<lb n="7"/>veḷḷāḻar ip-paṭi-k-kotta maṉittar Irāca-karattārai-k koṇṭu namakku Oru t<unclear>ā</unclear>ḻvu niṉaittālum

</p>

<p>

nammil<unclear>o</unclear>

<lb n="8" break="no"/>rkku Iṭaṅ kuṭukkutal koṭcollukutal <unclear>cannācar</unclear> paṭṭaiyattai <unclear>k</unclear>oviṉātaṉ kālāl Iru-pattu-nālu Aṭi<note>A detached piece which seems to be a continuation of line 8 and 9 reads i) <foreign>yum vāla-k</foreign> ii) <foreign>vum Intam</foreign> according to <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sundaram2010_01"/></bibl></note>

<lb n="9" break="no"/><unclear>ku</unclear>ṭiyaiyum Aḻittāl Ivaṉai-y-varum y-iṉṟu-p<choice><sic>o</sic><corr>ō</corr></choice>la kūṭi Iruntu keṭṭu-k-koḷḷa-k kaṭav<choice><orig>o</orig><reg>ō</reg></choice>m ā<unclear>ka</unclear>

</p>

<p>

<lb n="10"/><seg rend="check">ṇṭalattukkuḷḷ</seg><choice><orig>e</orig><reg>ē</reg></choice> <unclear>y</unclear>-ātoruttar nāṭṭu-t tur<choice><orig>o</orig><reg>ō</reg></choice>kam paṇṇukutal kāri<unclear>ya</unclear>m <unclear>c</unclear>eyttal kaṇa<unclear>kku</unclear> Eḻutu<surplus>ku</surplus>tal <gap reason="lost"/>e<note>The rest of the inscription is lost.</note>

</p>

</div>

<lem>ṇeṭukkam</lem>

<note>Probably read <foreign>naṭukkam</foreign>.</note>

</app>

<lem>ṇṭalattukkuḷḷē</lem>

<note>Probably read <foreign>maṇṭalattukkuḷḷē</foreign>.</note>

</app>

</listApp>

</div>

Prosperity! Fortune!

</p>

<p n="1">On the 16th day of the month of Cittirai, in Saumya year.

</p>

<p n="1-5">As stated in the stone inscription, the ninety-eight sub-castes of the Right-hand caste and the ninety-eight sub-castes of the Left-hand caste in Vaḻutalampaṭṭu-ucāvaṭi, having assembled in full without deficiency in the glorious endowed land <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tiru-kaṭṭalai</foreign></supplied> of the temple of Kuṟṟampoṟuttaruḷiya Nāyiṉār of Kuraṅkāṭiyatuṟai, in Viṭṭapaṟṟu-ukaḷḷūṟ-kūṟṟam, in the eighteen villages that surround Poṉparappi in Iruṅkoḷappāṭipāṇṭiya-vaḷanāṭu, in Mēṟkā-nāṭu, in Virutarācapayaṅkara-vaḷanāṭu, on the northern banks of the Kāveri,</p>

since the <foreign>ucāvaṭippiṟatāṉi</foreign>s, the <foreign>vaṉṉiyar</foreign>s, and the <foreign>cīvitakāṟar</foreign>s in this region have caused <supplied reason="subaudible">us</supplied> distress,</p>

<p n="6-7">and since the Brahmanas who own the lands, the Veḷḷāḷars, and men such as these <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ip-paṭikkotta</foreign></supplied> plan <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>niṉaittālum</foreign></supplied> our degradation, allying with the royal officials <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>irāja-karattārai</foreign></supplied>,</p>

<supplied reason="subaudible">made an agreement</supplied> <gap reason="ellipsis"/>

<unclear>so that</unclear> we should all gather and sit like today and hear <supplied reason="subaudible">the complaints</supplied>. <gap reason="lost"/> anyone <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>yātoruttar</foreign></supplied> inside the region behaves and acts as a traitor to the country, writes <supplied reason="subaudible">a report</supplied> to the assembly, <gap reason="lost"/>

</p>

</div>

<p>Date = c.a. 14th-15th century according to <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sundaram2010_01"/></bibl>.</p>

</div>

<p>Reported in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1912-1913"/></bibl> (ARIE/1912-1913/C/1913/34).</p>

<p>Edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sundaram2010_01"/></bibl> (SII 28.34).</p>

<p>This digital edition by Dorotea Operato, based on <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sundaram2010_01"/></bibl>.</p>

</bibl>

</listBibl>

<bibl>

</bibl>

</listBibl>

</div>

</body>

</text>

</TEI>