Śrīraṅgam, Raṅganātha, time of Rājakesarivarman alias Cakravartin Kulottuṅga Cōḻa, year 11

Authors of digital edition: Dorotea Operato (doop), Emmanuel Francis (emfr).

Summary: Grant of tax exemptions for certain lands after the temple they belonged to failed to protect its treasure during a conflict between Right-hand and Left-hand castes/classes

Palaeographic description: No distinction between n and ṉ, nor between e and ē, or between o and ō.

Languages: Sanskrit (san), Tamil (tam).

Version: (b7b08a8), last modified (9479a5f).

Edition

⟨01⟩ śrī-rājamahe-

⟨02⟩ ṃdra-caturvve-

⟨03⟩ di-maṅkalattu-k ka-

⟨04⟩ lveṭṭu

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī pukaḻ cūḻnta puṇari Akaḻ cū(ḻ)nta pu⟨vi⟩yil poṉṉēmi Aḷavum taṉṉēmi naṭappa viḷaṅku-jaya-makaḷai y-iḷaṅkō-p-paruvattu-c cakkara-kōṭṭattu vikkirama-t-toḻilāl putu-maṇam puṇarntu matuvarai y-īṭṭam vayira-karattu vāri Ayi⟨r⟩-muṉai-k kontaḷa-varaicar taṉtaḷa miriya vāḷ-uṟai kaḻittu-t tōḷ-vali kāṭṭiya pō-

⟨2⟩ r-p-pari naṭātti kīrttiyai niṟutti vaṭa-ticai vākai cūṭi-t ten-ticai-t tēmaru kamala-p pū-makaḷ potumaiyum poṉṉi-y-āṭaiyum naṉṉila-p-pāvaiyum taṉimaiyum tavira punitaṟ tiru-makuṭa murimaiyiṟ cūṭi-t taṉṉaṭi y-iraṇṭum taṭa-muṭi-y-āka-t toṉṉila ventar cūṭa munṉai manu-v-āṟu peruka-k kali-y-āṟu vaṟu-

⟨3⟩ ppa-c ceṅ-kōl ticai toṟuñ cella veṇ-kuṭai Iru-nila viḷākamum veṅkaṇum tanātu tiru-niḻal veṇṇalā-t tikaḻ Oru taṉi mēruviṟ puliviḷaiyāṭa vārkaṭaṟ tīvān tarattu pūpālar tiṟaiviṭutanta kalañcorikaḷ irum muṟai niṟpa viḷaṅkiya teṉṉavan karun talai parun talai-t tiṭattaṉ poṉ-

⟨4⟩ ṉakar-p puṟatt’ iṭai-k kiṭappa In-nāḷ piṟkula-p piṟai pōl niṟ-piḻai Ennuñ coll’ etir kōṭiṟṟ’ allatu taṉkai vill’ etir kōṭā vikkalaṉ kallatar naṅkili tuṭaṅki maṇalūr naṭu-v-eṉa tuṅka-pattirai y-aḷav’ uṟṟu veṅkaṇum paṭṭa veṅkaḷiṟum viṭṭa taṉ mānamum kūṟiṉa vīramum kiṭappa Ēṟiṉa malaikaḷum mu-

⟨5⟩ tuku neḷippa Iḻinta natikaḷum cuḻaṉṟuṭain tōṭa viḻun⟨ta⟩ kaṭalkaḷum talaiviri-t talamara kuṭa-ticai-t tan-nāḷ ukantu tāṉum tāṉaiyum pannāḷ iṭṭa(mum) pala-pala mutukum paḻi y-ukantu kuṭutta pukaḻiṉ celviyum vāḷeri oṇkaṇ maṭaṉtaiyar īṭṭamum miḷātu kuṭutta veṅkari niraiyum kaṅka-maṇṭalamum pa(ra)ṇi Iraṇṭum Oru-vi-

⟨6⟩ cai-k kai-k-koṇṭu īṇṭi-p pukaḻoṭum pāṇṭi-maṇṭaḷaṅ koḷḷa-t tiruvuḷḷatt’ aṭaittu veḷḷa varupaṟi-t taraṅkamum porupari-t talaṅkaḷum tantira vāriyum Uṭaittāy vantu vaṭa-kaṭal teṉ-kaṭal pāyvatu pōla-t taṉ peruñ ceṉaiyai (Evi-p) pañcavarai-y varum poruta pōrkaḷa-t tañci veru neḷi¡ta!n toṭi Araṇe-

⟨7⟩ (ṉa-p-pukka) kāṭaṟa-t tuṭaittu nāṭṭi-p paṭuttu maṟṟavar tammai vanacarar tiriyum koṟṟa veñcura meṟṟi koṟṟa vij¡ai!ya-stampam ticai toṟum niṟutti muttin calāpamum mu-t-tamiḻ-p po(ti)yilum mattaveṅ karipaṭu mayya-c ceyyum kanniyum kai-k-koṇṭ’ aruḷi-t tennāṭṭu ellai kāṭṭiya kaṭal-malai nāṭ-

⟨8⟩ [**]taṉi vīcum peṟa mā-v-eṟiya taṉ varutaṉi-t talai-varai-k kuṟukalar kulaiya-k koṭṭāṟuṭ-paṭa neṟi-toṟum nilaikaḷ iṭṭ’ aruḷi tiṟai koḷ vīra-si⟨ṁ⟩hāsanam tiriya viṭṭ’ aruḷi poṅkoḷiyāramum tiru-p-puya-t-talaṅkaḷum pōla vīramum tiyākamum viḷaṅka pār-micai mevalar vaṉaṅka vīra-siṁhā-sanattu viṟṟirun-

⟨9⟩ t’ aruḷiya kō-v-irāja-kēcari-panmar-ā¡n!a cakkara-va⟨r⟩ttikaḷ śrī-kulōttuṅka-cōḻa-devaṟku yāṇṭu 10 1-Āvatu ⁋ nitta-vinōta-vaḷa-nāṭṭu kāntāra-nāṭṭu brahma-deyam śrī-rāja-mahentra-c-catur-vedi-maṅ(ka)lattu peruṅ-kuṟi-p-peru-makkaḷōm Ivv-āṭṭai kaṟkaṭaka-nāyaṟṟu Apara-pakṣattu pañca-deśiyum nāyiṟṟu-k-kiḻamaiyum Āyi¡l!yamum peṟṟa Iṉṟu-

⟨10⟩ [****] puḷi-v-illi-varai [***] nallāṉ paṭṭaṅ kuḷa-k-karaiyilē dhanmi ceytu peruṅ-kuṟi kūṭi y-iruntu vyavasthai paṇṇi nammūr tiru-mēl-kōyil-ā¡n!a śrī-mummuṭi-cōḻa-viṇṇakar-āḻvār nilaṅkaḷ Iṟaiyili ceytu kuṭutta paric’ āvatu It-tēvar śrī-paṇṭārattu yāṇṭu 2-Āvatu Ā¿n?i-t-tiṅkaḷ Iṭaṅkai valaṅkai y-āy Ūrum cu-

⟨11⟩ ṭum Oṭukki tiru-muṟṟaṅkaḷum Aḻittu tiru-v-urukkaḷum śrī-paṇṭāraṅkaḷum kaḷḷar eṭuttu-k koṇṭu pōy Irunta Iṭattu kaḷḷarkku piḻaitta tiravviyamu⟨m⟩ srī-paṇṭārattu Irakṣikka Uṇṇāmai-y-ālum Ūr irukka ci(lar Ūr) Eṟum iṭattukku sabhā-viniyōkattukku dravyaṁ vēṇṭutalālum tiru-muṟṟaṅkaḷ aḻivu cora-v-um puna⟨ḥ⟩-pratiṣṭai paṇ-

⟨12⟩ ṇa-v-u⟨m⟩ matiḷ (kaṭṭa-v-um) vēṇṭutalālum It-tēvar-k kanmikaḷ pakkal nāṅkaḷ koṇṭa po¡n! kuṭiñai-k-kallāl Irājentira-cōḻa¡n! māṭaikku Arai māṟṟu-t tāḻum po¡n! Aym-patin kaḻañcum Ip-po¡nn!ukku palicai y-āka poliñca po¡n! Irupat(t’ ayṅ)-kaḻañcum Āka-p po¡n! Eḻupat(t’ a)yṅ-

⟨13⟩ -kaḻañcum palicai polinta po¡n! Irupatt’ aiy-kaḻañcum Āka-p po¡n! Eḻupatt’ aiyṅ-kaḻañcil yāṇṭu m¿u?ṉṟ-āvatu tiru-muṟṟam Aḻivu cora-v-um puna⟨ḥ⟩-pratiṣṭhai paṇṇa-v-um kuṭutta po¡n! Ayṅ-kaḻañcu n¡i!kki-p po¡n! Eḻupati¡n! kaḻañcukkum cantirātitta-vaṟ Iṟaiyili ceytu kuṭutta nilaṅkaḷ āvatu trai-lo-

⟨14⟩ kkiya-mā-tēvi-vatikku kiḻakkum viknēcuvara-vāy-k-kālukku vaṭakkum mutaṟ kaṇṇāṟṟu mutaṟ catirattu cūḻnta vilai-nilam Ēḻu mākkāṇi-c cinnattil kiḻakk’ aṭaiya nila⟨m⟩ mākāṇi-c cinnamum I-t-tēvar ciy-paṇṭārattu-p {po¡n! kuṭuttu-p} po¡n! kuṭuttu-k koṇṭatu kuṇṭ¡u!r nilam kuḻi [***] pakkal koṇṭa{tu} Iṅkē Iraṇṭāñ catirattu-t tani nilam mu-

⟨15⟩ ntirikaiyum Iṅkē-y trai-lokkiya-mā-tevi-vatikku kiḻakku mummuṭi-cōḻa-vāykkālukku vaṭakku Eḻāṅ kaṇṇāṟṟu mutal catirattu-k kiḻakk’ aṭaiya nilam m¿u?nṟu māvil Itaṉ mēṟku nilam vempūr pōca¡n! viṉaiya-dāma-paṭṭa¡n! pakkal tēvar ci-paṇṭārattu-p po¡n! kuṭuttu-k koṇṭa nilam Oru mā

⟨16⟩ (muntirikaiyum) Inkē Eṭṭāṅ kaṇṇāṟṟu Iraṇṭāñ catirattu mēṟk’ aṭaiya nilam Oru mā-varai-c cinnattil Itiṉ kiḻakku nilam mukkāṇi-c cinnattil vaṭakk’ aṭaiya natta-nilam kāṇi muntirikai-k k¡i!ḻ-k kāli¡n! mēṟk’ aṭaiya nilam Arai-k-kāṇi n¡i!kki mēṟ-paṭiyāṉ pakkal-{k} koṇṭa nilam muntirikaiyum lōka-mā-tēvi-vatikku meṟku mum-

⟨17⟩ muṭi-cōḻa-vāy-k-kālukku vaṭakkum Añcāṅ kaṇṇāṟṟu mutaṟ catirattu vaṭa-mēṟk’ aṭaiya nilam kāṇi muntirikai-k k¡i!ḻ araiyil kiḻakk’ aṭaiya nilam Arai-k-kāṇi muntirikaiyum Āka nilam m¿u?nṟu mā muntirikaiyum Ivv-āṇṭu mutal cantrātitta-vaṟ tēvar taṅkaḷ pa¡nn!iraṇṭ’ āntarattilē Iṟai Iṟukka nāṅkaḷ Ivv-āḻvār ciy-paṇṭārat-

⟨18⟩ tu nāṅkaḷ koṇṭa poṉ¡n!ukkum palicaikkum c¿i?lav’ āka In-nilattāl vanta peru-vari{y}yum ma(ñ)cikkamum cila-variyum veḷḷān-veṭṭiyum makamaiyum paṇṭai-veṭṭiyum Antarāyamum kulai-kurampum Eccōṟum cūṟṟ-ariciyum Ūrāṭṭu variyum Uḷḷiṭṭa tiru-vācalil pōnta (kaṭamai)yum maṟṟum E-

⟨19⟩ p-peṟpaṭṭat’ ellām nāṅkalēy Iṟukka-k kaṭavōm āka In-nilaṅkaḷ cantrātitta-vaṟ Iṟaiyiliyē Anupavikka peṟuvār ākavum I-pramāṇa-p paṭiyē tēvar-kanmikaḷ kallilum cempilum veṭṭu-vittu-k koḷḷa-p peṟuvārkaḷ ākavum Ip-paṭikku In-nilaṅkaḷ cantirātitta-vaṟ Iṟaiyili ceytu kuṭuttōm peruṅ-kuṟi peru-makkalōm ~

⟨20⟩ Ip-paricu sabhaiy-uḷ i⟨ru⟩ntu karai-p pōntu paṇittār śrī-rājentra-cōḻa-c-cēri-kalikkili-maṅkalattu kaṭampan tiru-virām-icuvara-paṭṭa¡n! paṇiyālum rāja-mahentra-c-cēri kirāmpi-c-ceṭṭu U(ru)(dra)-nārāyaṇa-bhaṭṭan paṇiyālum mummuṭi-cōḻa-c-cēri nampūr-k kāṭṭukkai vira-nāta-panma-bhaṭṭar paṇiyālum vikkirama-ciṅka-c-cēri kuṇṭūr cantra-kṛṣṇaṉ paṭṭaṉ paṇiyālum tri-bhuvana-mā-

⟨21⟩ tevi-c-cēri Irāyūr kēcuva-paṭṭar paṇiyālum Irājādhirāja-c-cēri Irāyūr-t tiru-varaṅka-tēva-daśa-priya-paṭṭan paṇiyālum Ivai ceyya tāmarai-k-kaṇṇaṉ tiru-vāy-k-kulam-uṭaiyā¡n!-ā¡n!a śrī-rāma-priya¡n! eḻuttu ⁋ Ip-paṭikku kuṇṭ¡u!r kauśika-bhaṭṭa¡nen! ⁋ Ip-paṭikku kuṇṭ¡u!r rāmi(śva)(ra)¡nen! ⁋ Ip-paṭikku kuṇṭ¡u!r keraṉa-paṭṭa¡nen! Ip-paṭikku vaṅki-p-puṟa-

⟨22⟩ ttu coṭṭa-bhoja¡n! tiru-veṇkāṭu-paṭṭa¡n! eḻuttu ⁋ Ittham· vigatam· kauśikānvayajātena bhava-svāmi-sūnunā{ya} caṁdra-kumare⟨ṇa⟩ ⁋ Ip-paṭikku hārita-tilośana-paṭṭa¡nen! ⁋ Ittha(m·) vidantavotṭhana-śrī-k¿ra?ṣṇanādam· ⁋ Ip-patikku piṟāntūr tiru-nāṭuṭaiyā¡nen! ⁋ [*****]

⟨23⟩ svāmi-pāda-catur-veta-paṭṭa¡nen! ⁋ Ip-pati Aṟivē¡n! Uṟupuṭṭūr kēśava-nārāyaṇa-paṭṭa¡nen! ⁋ Ip-pati Aṟivē¡n! ceṭṭi-bhoja¡n! para-vāsu-deva-paṭṭa¡nen!ṉ ⁋ Ip-pati Aṟivē¡n! (sakasai) somāditya-daśapriya-paṭṭa¡nen! ⁋ Ip-pati Aṟivē¡n! kāram{m·}piceṭṭu (drāgakai) śrī-kṛṣṇa-bhaṭṭan makaṉ s¿u?riya-bhaṭṭa¡nen! ⁋

⟨24⟩ timmayar vinayatā-śarmmaṇātreya-gotre ⁋ Ittham· vigatam· bhara-dvāja-gotreṇa kumāra-paṭṭa¡nen! || Ittham· vigatam· kuṇthanya-gotreṇa vaina [*****] kurava-c-cēri vipranāta-bhaṭṭasya || Ip-patikku śrī-k¿ra?ṣṇa-deśa-priya-bhaṭṭasya || Ip-patikku kurava-c-cēri [****] (nanti)-bhaṭṭa¡nen! ⁋ Ip-patikku dveya-goma-puṟattu ~

⟨25⟩ cakara-pāṇi-c-caturveti-paṭṭasya|| Ip-pati Aṟivē¡n! bhara-dvāji-viṣṇu-sarmmaṇena | Ip-pati Aṟivē¡n! bhara-dvāja-gotreṇa tri-vikkira{ma}-paṭṭa¡nen! (Ip-pati) Aṟivē¡n! madhu-sūdhana¡nen! || Ip-pati Aṟivē¡n! dāmodara-bhaṭṭa¡nen! ⁋ Ip-pati Aṟivē¡n! daśa-priya-bhaṭṭa¡nen! ⁋ Ip-pati Aṟivē¡n! kuravaicari

⟨26⟩ bhārggavan l¡o!kṣmaṇ¡e!¡nen! || svasti

Apparatus

⟨1⟩ pō⟨2⟩r-p-pari ⬦ SII • Probably read pōr-p-parai.

⟨17⟩ nilam Araikkāṇi ⬦ nilam ⟨m⟩ Araikkāṇi SII.

Translation

⟨01–04⟩ Inscription of the glorious Rājamahendracaturvedimaṅgalam1

⟨1⟩ Prosperity! Fortune!

⟨9⟩ Year 11th of the emperor, the glorious king Kulottuṅga Cōḻa alias the king Rājakesarivarman,

⟨1–9⟩ who … [meykkīrtti of Kulottuṅga I Cōḻa]

⟨9–10⟩ This is the manner in which we, the great men of the great assembly of Śrīrājamahentracaturvedi maṅgalam, which is a brahmadeya in Kāntāranāṭu, within Nittavinōtavaḷanāṭu, on this day, which coincides with Āyiliyam star, a Sunday, the 15th day of the dark fortnight of the month of Kaṟkaṭaka having blowed the conch (dhanmi ceytu), having gathered a big assembly and sit, and having made a resolution (vyavasthai paṇṇi) on the bank of the tank […], have given lands, having made them tax-free (iraiyili ceytu), [to] Śrī Mummuṭi Cōḻa, god of the Viṣṇu temple alias the glorious Western temple in our village.

⟨10–12⟩ During the month of Āṉi, on the 2nd year [of this king], while the Right-hand and Left-hand communities brought down the village and the ground (cuṭum),2 and destroyed the courtyards of the temple, thieves stole the sacred idols (tiru-v-urukkalum) and treasures from the glorious treasury of this god.

  • Since it was not possible (uṇṇāmai-y-ālum) to protect the glorious treasury and the gold (tiraviyam) from the thieves in the place where they had been kept,
  • since some of the villagers need resources for the expenditures of the assembly (sabha-viniyōkattukku),
  • since there is need to repair the destruction of the courtyards, to make a new installation [of the idols], and to construct a wall,

the gold that we obtained from the temple officers of this god [is]

  • fifty kaḻañcus … (Arai māṟṟu-t tāḻum) per gold coin (māṭai) of Rājēndracōḻa according to kuṭiñaikkal standard,
  • twenty-five kaḻañcus of gold that were released on the interests from these,

[that is,] seventy-five kaḻañcus.

⟨13–17⟩ There are lands which [we] have given, having made them tax-free as long as the moon and the sun endure, for the seventy kaḻañcus of gold [that remained] from the seventy-five kaḻañcus [that included] twenty-five kaḻañcus of gold released on interests, after having removed (nīkki) five kaḻañcus of gold that we had given on the 3rd [regnal] year to repair the destruction of the courtyard and make the new installation [of the deity], that is:

⟨13–17⟩ [Description of the lands]

  • ...
  • ...
  • ...
  • ...
  • ...

⟨17–19⟩ In this manner, starting from this year, we, the great people of the great assembly, have granted these lands tax-free as long as the moon and the sun endure,

  • so that there is an income (celavu) from the interests and from the gold that we got from the glorious treasury of this god as long as the moon and the sun endure,
  • so that these lands shall be enjoyed as tax-free as long as the moon and the sun endure, as we shall continue to collect all these kinds [of taxes and dues] that come from these lands, which include major taxes (peru-vari), mañcikkam tax, minor taxes (cila-vari), veḷḷān-veṭṭi tax, contributions in grain (makamai), paṇṭai-veṭṭi tributes, internal temple revenues (antarāyam), and kulai-kurampu tributes; others [include] the provision of cooked rice (eccōṟu), tax for husking paddy into rice (kuṟṟ-arici), tax on village sheep (ūrāṭṭu-vari), obligatory duties to be performed at the temple gate (tiru-vācalil pōnta kaṭamai),
  • so that the temple officers should obtain to have [this agreement] engraved on stone and copper according to this [agreement].

⟨20–21⟩ In this manner, sitting in assembly, those who ordered [so] having reached the bank [of the tank]:

  • by order of Katampaṉ ...;
  • by order of Rudranārāyaṇabhaṭṭa ...;
  • ...

⟨21–23⟩ [List of signatories]

  • ...;
  • ...;
  • ...

⟨21–23⟩ [List of witnesses]

  • ...;
  • ...;
  • ...

Bibliography

Reported in ARIE 1936–37 (ARIE/1936-1937/B/1936-1937/31).

Edited in Narasimhaswamy 1982 (SII 24.53).

This digital edition by Dorotea Operato and Emmanuel Francis, based on Narasimhaswamy 1982.

Primary

[SII] Narasimhaswamy, H. K. 1982. South Indian inscriptions. Volume XXIV: inscriptions of the Raṅganāthasvāmi temple, Śrīraṅgam. South Indian Inscriptions 24. Delhi: Archaeological survey of India (Director-General). Pages 53–55, item 53.

Secondary

ARIE 1936–37. Annual report on South Indian epigraphy for the year ending 31st March 1937. Edited by C. R. Krishnamacharlu. Delhi: Manager of Publications, 1940. Page 11, appendixes B/1936-1937, item 31.

Nilakanta Sastri, K. A. 1955. The Cōḷas. 2nd edition revised. Madras University Historical Series 9. 2 vols. Madras: University of Madras. Page 551.

Notes

  1. 1. See SII (p. 55, fn. 1): “The following lines are engraved on the margin of the record on the left of lines 1-4.”

  2. 2. Probably an abbreviation for cuṭu-kāṭum.