Śrīraṅgam, Raṅganātha, time of Rājakesarivarman alias Cakravartin Kulottuṅga Cōḻa, year 11

Editors: Dorotea Operato, Emmanuel Francis.

Identifier: DHARMA_INStfaSIIv24p0i0053.

Summary: Grant of tax exemptions for certain lands after the temple they belonged to failed to protect its treasure during a conflict between Right-hand and Left-hand castes/classes

Hand description:

No distinction between n and , nor between e and ē, or between o and ō.

Languages: Sanskrit, Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (tfa) (tfa-sii-epigraphy).

Version: (f015d1f), last modified (36884e2).

Edition

⟨01⟩ śrī-rājamahe⟨02⟩ṃdra-caturvve⟨03⟩di-maṅkalattu-k ka⟨04⟩lveṭṭu

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī

pukaḻ cūḻnta puṇari Akaḻ cū(ḻ)nta pu⟨vi⟩yil

1

poṉṉēmi Aḷavum taṉṉēmi naṭappa

2

viḷaṅku-jaya-makaḷai y-iḷaṅkō-p-paruvattu-c

3

cakkara-kōṭṭattu vikkirama-t-toḻilāl

4

putu-maṇam puṇarntu matuvarai y-īṭṭam

5

vayira-karattu vāri Ayi⟨r⟩-muṉai-k

6

kontaḷa-varaicar taṉtaḷa miriya

7

vāḷ-uṟai kaḻittu-t tōḷ-vali kāṭṭiya

8

⟨2⟩r-p-pari naṭātti kīrttiyai niṟutti

9

vaṭa-ticai vākai cūṭi-t ten-ticai-t

10

tēmaru kamala-p pū-makaḷ potumaiyum

11

poṉṉi-y-āṭaiyum naṉṉila-p-pāvaiyum

12

taṉimaiyum tavira punitaṟ

13

tiru-makuṭa murimaiyiṟ cūṭi-t

14

taṉṉaṭi y-iraṇṭum taṭa-muṭi-y-āka-t

15

toṉṉila ventar cūṭa munṉai

16

manu-v-āṟu peruka-k kali-y-āṟu vaṟu⟨3⟩ppa-c

17

ceṅ-kōl ticai toṟuñ cella veṇ-kuṭai

18

Iru-nila viḷākamum veṅkaṇum tanātu

19

tiru-niḻal veṇṇalā-t tikaḻ Oru taṉi

20

mēruviṟ puliviḷaiyāṭa vārkaṭaṟ

21

tīvān tarattu pūpālar tiṟaiviṭutanta

22

kalañcorikaḷ irum muṟai niṟpa viḷaṅkiya

23

teṉṉavan karun talai parun talai-t tiṭattaṉ

24

poṉ⟨4⟩ṉakar-p puṟatt’ iṭai-k kiṭappa In-nāḷ

25

piṟkula-p piṟai pōl niṟ-piḻai Ennuñ

26

coll’ etir kōṭiṟṟ’ allatu taṉkai

27

vill’ etir kōṭā vikkalaṉ kallatar

28

naṅkili tuṭaṅki maṇalūr naṭu-v-eṉa

29

tuṅka-pattirai y-aḷav’ uṟṟu veṅkaṇum

30

paṭṭa veṅkaḷiṟum viṭṭa taṉ mānamum

31

kūṟiṉa vīramum kiṭappa Ēṟiṉa

32

malaikaḷum mu⟨5⟩tuku neḷippa Iḻinta

33

natikaḷum cuḻaṉṟuṭain tōṭa viḻun⟨ta⟩

34

kaṭalkaḷum talaiviri-t talamara kuṭa-ticai-t

35

tan-nāḷ ukantu tāṉum tāṉaiyum

36

pannāḷ iṭṭa(mum) pala-pala mutukum

37

paḻi y-ukantu kuṭutta pukaḻiṉ celviyum

38

vāḷeri oṇkaṇ maṭaṉtaiyar īṭṭamum

39

miḷātu kuṭutta veṅkari niraiyum

40

kaṅka-maṇṭalamum

41

pa(ra)ṇi Iraṇṭum Oru-vi⟨6⟩cai-k kai-k-koṇṭu

42

īṇṭi-p pukaḻoṭum pāṇṭi-maṇṭaḷaṅ

43

koḷḷa-t tiruvuḷḷatt’ aṭaittu veḷḷa

44

varupaṟi-t taraṅkamum porupari-t talaṅkaḷum

45

tantira vāriyum Uṭaittāy vantu

46

vaṭa-kaṭal teṉ-kaṭal pāyvatu pōla-t

47

taṉ peruñ ceṉaiyai (Evi-p) pañcavar-

48

ai-y varum poruta pōrkaḷa-t tañci

49

veru neḷi¡ta!⟨ṭa⟩n toṭi Araṇe⟨7⟩(ṉa-p-pukka)

50

kāṭaṟa-t tuṭaittu nāṭṭi-p paṭuttu

51

maṟṟavar tammai vanacarar tiriyum

52

koṟṟa veñcura meṟṟi koṟṟa

53

vij¡ai!⟨a⟩ya-stampam ticai toṟum niṟutti

54

muttin calāpamum mu-t-tamiḻ-p po(ti)yilum

55

mattaveṅ karipaṭu mayya-c ceyyum

56

kanniyum kai-k-koṇṭ’ aruḷi-t tennāṭṭu

57

ellai kāṭṭiya kaṭal-malai nāṭ⟨8⟩[2+]-

58

taṉi vīcum peṟa

59

mā-v-eṟiya taṉ varutaṉi-t talai-varai-k

60

kuṟukalar kulaiya-k koṭṭāṟuṭ-paṭa

61

neṟi-toṟum nilaikaḷ iṭṭ’ aruḷi tiṟai koḷ

62

vīra-si⟨ṁ⟩hāsanam tiriya viṭṭ’ aruḷi

63

poṅkoḷiyāramum tiru-p-puya-t-talaṅkaḷum pōla

64

vīramum tiyākamum viḷaṅka pār-micai

65

mevalar vaṉaṅka vīra-siṁhā-sanattu

66

viṟṟirun⟨9⟩t’ aruḷiya

67

kō-v-irāja-kēcari-panmar-ā¡n!⟨ṉ⟩a cakkara-va⟨r⟩ttikaḷ śrī-kulōttuṅka-cōḻa-devaṟku yāṇṭu 10 1-Āvatu

nitta-vinōta-vaḷa-nāṭṭu kāntāra-nāṭṭu brahma-deyam śrī-rāja-mahentra-c-catur-vedi-maṅ(ka)lattu peruṅ-kuṟi-p-peru-makkaḷōm Ivv-āṭṭai kaṟkaṭaka-nāyaṟṟu Apara-pakṣattu pañca-deśiyum nāyiṟṟu-k-kiḻamaiyum Āyi¡l!⟨li⟩yamum peṟṟa Iṉṟu⟨10⟩[4+] puḷi-v-illi-varai [3+] nallāṉ paṭṭaṅ kuḷa-k-karaiyilē dhanmi ceytu peruṅ-kuṟi kūṭi y-iruntu vyavasthai paṇṇi nammūr tiru-mēl-kōyil-ā¡n!⟨ṉ⟩a śrī-mummuṭi-cōḻa-viṇṇakar-āḻvār nilaṅkaḷ Iṟaiyili ceytu kuṭutta paric’ āvatu

It-tēvar śrī-paṇṭārattu yāṇṭu 2-Āvatu Ā¿n?⟨n⟩i-t-tiṅkaḷ Iṭaṅkai valaṅkai y-āy Ūrum cu⟨11⟩ṭum Oṭukki tiru-muṟṟaṅkaḷum Aḻittu tiru-v-urukkaḷum śrī-paṇṭāraṅkaḷum kaḷḷar eṭuttu-k koṇṭu

  • pōy Irunta Iṭattu kaḷḷarkku piḻaitta tiravviyamu⟨m⟩ srī-paṇṭārattu Irakṣikka Uṇṇāmai-y-ālum
  • Ūr irukka ci(lar Ūr) Eṟum iṭattukku sabhā-viniyōkattukku dravyaṁ vēṇṭutalālum
  • tiru-muṟṟaṅkaḷ aḻivu cora-v-um puna⟨ḥ⟩-pratiṣṭai paṇ⟨12⟩ṇa-v-u⟨m⟩ matiḷ (kaṭṭa-v-um) vēṇṭutalālum
It-tēvar-k kanmikaḷ pakkal nāṅkaḷ koṇṭa po¡n!⟨ṉ⟩
  • kuṭiñai-k-kallāl Irājentira-cōḻa¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ māṭaikku Arai māṟṟu-t tāḻum po¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ Aym-patin kaḻañcum
  • Ip-po¡nn!⟨ṉṉ⟩ukku palicai y-āka poliñca po¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ Irupat(t’ ayṅ)-kaḻañcum Āka-p
po¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ Eḻupat(t’ a)yṅ⟨13⟩-kaḻañcum

palicai polinta po¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ Irupatt’ aiy-kaḻañcum Āka-p po¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ Eḻupatt’ aiyṅ-kaḻañcil yāṇṭu m¿u?⟨ū⟩ṉṟ-āvatu tiru-muṟṟam Aḻivu cora-v-um puna⟨ḥ⟩-pratiṣṭhai paṇṇa-v-um kuṭutta po¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ Ayṅ-kaḻañcu n¡i!⟨ī⟩kki-p po¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ Eḻupati¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ kaḻañcukkum cantirātitta-vaṟ Iṟaiyili ceytu kuṭutta nilaṅkaḷ āvatu

  • trai-lo⟨14⟩kkiya-mā-tēvi-vatikku kiḻakkum viknēcuvara-vāy-k-kālukku vaṭakkum mutaṟ kaṇṇāṟṟu mutaṟ catirattu cūḻnta vilai-nilam Ēḻu mākkāṇi-c cinnattil kiḻakk’ aṭaiya nila⟨m⟩ mākāṇi-c cinnamum I-t-tēvar ciy-paṇṭārattu-p {po¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ kuṭuttu-p} po¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ kuṭuttu-k koṇṭatu kuṇṭ¡u!⟨ū⟩r nilam kuḻi [3+] pakkal koṇṭa{tu} Iṅkē Iraṇṭāñ catirattu-t tani nilam mu⟨15⟩ntirikaiyum
  • Iṅkē-y trai-lokkiya-mā-tevi-vatikku kiḻakku mummuṭi-cōḻa-vāykkālukku vaṭakku Eḻāṅ kaṇṇāṟṟu mutal catirattu-k kiḻakk’ aṭaiya nilam m¿u?⟨ū⟩nṟu māvil Itaṉ mēṟku nilam vempūr pōca¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ viṉaiya-ma-paṭṭa¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ pakkal tēvar ci-paṇṭārattu-p po¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ kuṭuttu-k koṇṭa nilam Oru mā ⟨16⟩ (muntirikaiyum)
  • Inkē Eṭṭāṅ kaṇṇāṟṟu Iraṇṭāñ catirattu mēṟk’ aṭaiya nilam Oru mā-varai-c cinnattil Itiṉ kiḻakku nilam mukkāṇi-c cinnattil vaṭakk’ aṭaiya natta-nilam kāṇi muntirikai-k k¡i!⟨ī⟩ḻ-k kāli¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ mēṟk’ aṭaiya nilam Arai-k-kāṇi n¡i!⟨ī⟩kki mēṟ-paṭiyāṉ pakkal-{k} koṇṭa nilam muntirikaiyum
  • lōka-mā-tēvi-vatikku meṟku mum⟨17⟩muṭi-cōḻa-vāy-k-kālukku vaṭakkum Añcāṅ kaṇṇāṟṟu mutaṟ catirattu vaṭa-mēṟk’ aṭaiya nilam kāṇi muntirikai-k k¡i!⟨ī⟩ḻ araiyil kiḻakk’ aṭaiya nilam Arai-k-kāṇi muntirikaiyum
Āka nilam m¿u?⟨ū⟩nṟu mā muntirikaiyum

Ivv-āṇṭu mutal cantrātitta-vaṟ tēvar taṅkaḷ pa¡nn!⟨ṉṉ⟩iraṇṭ’ āntarattilē Iṟai Iṟukka nāṅkaḷ Ivv-āḻvār ciy-paṇṭārat⟨18⟩tu nāṅkaḷ koṇṭa poṉ¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ukkum palicaikkum c¿i?⟨e⟩lav’ āka In-nilattāl vanta peru-vari{y}yum ma(ñ)cikkamum cila-variyum veḷḷān-veṭṭiyum makamaiyum paṇṭai-veṭṭiyum Antarāyamum kulai-kurampum Eccōṟum cūṟṟ-ariciyum Ūrāṭṭu variyum Uḷḷiṭṭa tiru-vācalil pōnta (kaṭamai)yum maṟṟum E⟨19⟩p-peṟpaṭṭat’ ellām nāṅkalēy Iṟukka-k kaṭavōm āka In-nilaṅkaḷ cantrātitta-vaṟ Iṟaiyiliyē Anupavikka peṟuvār ākavum

I-pramāṇa-p paṭiyē tēvar-kanmikaḷ kallilum cempilum veṭṭu-vittu-k koḷḷa-p peṟuvārkaḷ ākavum

Ip-paṭikku In-nilaṅkaḷ cantirātitta-vaṟ Iṟaiyili ceytu kuṭuttōm peruṅ-kuṟi peru-makkalōm ~

⟨20⟩ Ip-paricu sabhaiy-uḷ i⟨ru⟩ntu karai-p pōntu paṇittār

  • śrī-rājentra-cōḻa-c-cēri-kalikkili-maṅkalattu kaṭampan tiru-virām-icuvara-paṭṭa¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ paṇiyālum
  • ja-mahentra-c-cēri kirāmpi-c-ceṭṭu U(ru)(dra)-nārāyaṇa-bhaṭṭan paṇiyālum
  • mummuṭi-cōḻa-c-cēri nampūr-k kāṭṭukkai vira-nāta-panma-bhaṭṭar paṇiyālum
  • vikkirama-ciṅka-c-cēri kuṇṭūr cantra-kṛṣṇaṉ paṭṭaṉ paṇiyālum
  • tri-bhuvana-mā⟨21⟩tevi-c-cēri Irāyūr kēcuva-paṭṭar paṇiyālum
  • Irājādhirāja-c-cēri Irāyūr-t tiru-varaṅka-tēva-daśa-priya-paṭṭan paṇiyālum

  • Ivai ceyya tāmarai-k-kaṇṇaṉ tiru-vāy-k-kulam-uṭaiyā¡n!⟨ṉ⟩¡n!⟨ṉ⟩a śrī-rāma-priya¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ eḻuttu
  • Ip-paṭikku kuṇṭ¡u!⟨ū⟩r kauśika-bhaṭṭa¡nen!⟨ṉēṉ⟩
  • Ip-paṭikku kuṇṭ¡u!⟨ū⟩r rāmi(śva)(ra)¡nen!⟨ṉēṉ⟩
  • Ip-paṭikku kuṇṭ¡u!⟨ū⟩r keraṉa-paṭṭa¡nen!⟨ṉēṉ⟩
  • Ip-paṭikku vaṅki-p-puṟa⟨22⟩ttu coṭṭa-bhoja¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ tiru-veṇkāṭu-paṭṭa¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ eḻuttu
  • Ittham· vigatam· kauśinvayajātena bhava-svāmi-sūnunā{ya} caṁdra-kumare⟨ṇa⟩
  • Ip-paṭikku rita-tilośana-paṭṭa¡nen!⟨ṉēṉ⟩
  • Ittha(m·) vidantavotṭhana-śrī-k¿ra?⟨ṛ⟩ṣṇadam·
  • Ip-patikku piṟāntūr tiru-nāṭuṭaiyā¡nen!⟨ṉēṉ⟩ [5+]
  • ⟨23⟩ svāmi-pāda-catur-veta-paṭṭa¡nen!⟨ṉēṉ⟩

  • Ip-pati Aṟivē¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ Uṟupuṭṭūr kēśava-nārāyaṇa-paṭṭa¡nen!⟨ṉēṉ⟩
  • Ip-pati Aṟivē¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ ceṭṭi-bhoja¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ para-vāsu-deva-paṭṭa¡nen!⟨ṉēṉ⟩
  • Ip-pati Aṟivē¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ (sakasai) somāditya-daśapriya-paṭṭa¡nen!⟨ṉēṉ⟩
  • Ip-pati Aṟivē¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ kāram{}piceṭṭu (drāgakai) śrī-kṛṣṇa-bhaṭṭan makaṉ s¿u?⟨ū⟩riya-bhaṭṭa¡nen!⟨ṉēṉ⟩
  • ⟨24⟩ timmayar vinayatā-śarmmaṇātreya-gotre
  • Ittham· vigatam· bhara-dvāja-gotreṇa kumāra-paṭṭa¡nen!⟨ṉēṉ⟩ ||
  • Ittham· vigatam· kuṇthanya-gotreṇa vaina [5+] kurava-c-cēri vipranāta-bhaṭṭasya ||
  • Ip-patikku śrī-k¿ra?⟨ṛ⟩ṣṇa-deśa-priya-bhaṭṭasya ||
  • Ip-patikku kurava-c-cēri [4+] (nanti)-bhaṭṭa¡nen!⟨ṉēṉ⟩
  • Ip-patikku dveya-goma-puṟattu ~ ⟨25⟩ cakara-pāṇi-c-caturveti-paṭṭasya||
  • Ip-pati Aṟivē¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ bhara-dvāji-viṣṇu-sarmmaṇena |
  • Ip-pati Aṟivē¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ bhara-dvāja-gotreṇa tri-vikkira{ma}-paṭṭa¡nen!⟨ṉēṉ⟩
  • (Ip-pati) Aṟivē¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ madhu-sūdhana¡nen!⟨ṉēṉ⟩ ||
  • Ip-pati Aṟivē¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ dāmodara-bhaṭṭa¡nen!⟨ṉēṉ⟩
  • Ip-pati Aṟivē¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ daśa-priya-bhaṭṭa¡nen!⟨ṉēṉ⟩
  • Ip-pati Aṟivē¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ kuravaicari ⟨26⟩ bhārggavan l¡o!⟨a⟩kṣma¡e!⟨a⟩¡nen!⟨ṉēṉ⟩ ||

svasti

Apparatus

⟨1⟩⟨2⟩r-p-pari ⬦ SII • Probably read pōr-p-parai.

⟨17⟩ nilam Araikkāṇi ⬦ nilam ⟨m⟩ Araikkāṇi SII.

Translation by Dorotea Operato and Emmanuel Francis

(01–04) Inscription of the glorious Rājamahendracaturvedimaṅgalam1

(1) Prosperity! Fortune!

(9) Year 11th of the emperor, the glorious king Kulottuṅga Cōḻa alias the king Rājakesarivarman,

(1–9) who [meykkīrtti of Kulottuṅga I Cōḻa]

(9–10) This is the manner in which we, the great men of the great assembly of Śrīrājamahentracaturvedi maṅgalam, which is a brahmadeya in Kāntāranāṭu, within Nittavinōtavaḷanāṭu, on this day, which coincides with Āyiliyam star, a Sunday, the 15th day of the dark fortnight of the month of Kaṟkaṭaka having blowed the conch (dhanmi ceytu), having gathered a big assembly and sit, and having made a resolution (vyavasthai paṇṇi) on the bank of the tank […], have given lands, having made them tax-free (iraiyili ceytu), [to] Śrī Mummuṭi Cōḻa, god of the Viṣṇu temple alias the glorious Western temple in our village.

(10–12) During the month of Āṉi, on the 2nd year [of this king], while the Right-hand and Left-hand communities brought down the village and the ground (cuṭum),2 and destroyed the courtyards of the temple, thieves stole the sacred idols (tiru-v-urukkalum) and treasures from the glorious treasury of this god.

  • Since it was not possible (uṇṇāmai-y-ālum) to protect the glorious treasury and the gold (tiraviyam) from the thieves in the place where they had been kept,
  • since some of the villagers need resources for the expenditures of the assembly (sabha-viniyōkattukku),
  • since there is need to repair the destruction of the courtyards, to make a new installation [of the idols], and to construct a wall,
the gold that we obtained from the temple officers of this god [is]
  • fifty kaḻañcus (Arai māṟṟu-t tāḻum) per gold coin (māṭai) of Rājēndracōḻa according to kuṭiñaikkal standard,
  • twenty-five kaḻañcus of gold that were released on the interests from these,
[that is,] seventy-five kaḻañcus.

(13–17) There are lands which [we] have given, having made them tax-free as long as the moon and the sun endure, for the seventy kaḻañcus of gold [that remained] from the seventy-five kaḻañcus [that included] twenty-five kaḻañcus of gold released on interests, after having removed (nīkki) five kaḻañcus of gold that we had given on the 3rd [regnal] year to repair the destruction of the courtyard and make the new installation [of the deity], that is:

(13–17) [Description of the lands]

  • ...
  • ...
  • ...
  • ...
  • ...

(17–19) In this manner, starting from this year, we, the great people of the great assembly, have granted these lands tax-free as long as the moon and the sun endure,

  • so that there is an income (celavu) from the interests and from the gold that we got from the glorious treasury of this god as long as the moon and the sun endure,
  • so that these lands shall be enjoyed as tax-free as long as the moon and the sun endure, as we shall continue to collect all these kinds [of taxes and dues] that come from these lands, which include major taxes (peru-vari), mañcikkam tax, minor taxes (cila-vari), veḷḷān-veṭṭi tax, contributions in grain (makamai), paṇṭai-veṭṭi tributes, internal temple revenues (antarāyam), and kulai-kurampu tributes; others [include] the provision of cooked rice (eccōṟu), tax for husking paddy into rice (kuṟṟ-arici), tax on village sheep (ūrāṭṭu-vari), obligatory duties to be performed at the temple gate (tiru-vācalil pōnta kaṭamai),
  • so that the temple officers should obtain to have [this agreement] engraved on stone and copper according to this [agreement].

(20–21) In this manner, sitting in assembly, those who ordered [so] having reached the bank [of the tank]:

  • by order of Katampaṉ ...;
  • by order of Rudranārāyaṇabhaṭṭa ...;
  • ...

(21–23) [List of signatories]

  • ...;
  • ...;
  • ...

(21–23) [List of witnesses]

  • ...;
  • ...;
  • ...

Bibliography

Reported in Krishnamacharlu 1940 (ARIE/1936-1937/B/1936-1937/31).

Edited in Narasimhaswamy 1982 (SII 24.53).

This digital edition by Dorotea Operato and Emmanuel Francis, based on Narasimhaswamy 1982.

Primary

[SII] Narasimhaswamy, H. K. 1982. South Indian inscriptions. Volume XXIV: inscriptions of the Raṅganāthasvāmi temple, Śrīraṅgam. South Indian Inscriptions 24. Delhi: Archaeological survey of India (Director-General). Pages 53–55, item 53.

Secondary

Krishnamacharlu, C. R. 1940. Annual report on South Indian epigraphy for the year ending 31st March 1937. Delhi: Manager of Publications. Page 11, appendixes B/1936-1937, item 31.

Nilakanta Sastri, K. A. 1955. The Cōḷas. 2nd edition revised. Madras University Historical Series 9. 2 vols. Madras: University of Madras. Page 551.

Notes

  1. 1. See Narasimhaswamy 1982 (p. 55, fn. 1): “The following lines are engraved on the margin of the record on the left of lines 1-4.”
  2. 2. Probably an abbreviation for cuṭu-kāṭum.