Tiruvārūr, Tyāgarājasvāmin temple

Editors: Dorotea Operato, Emmanuel Francis.

Identifier: DHARMA_INStfaSIIv17p0i0603.

Summary: Assessment of the conduct (vṛtti) of Rathakāras or Kammāḷars, based on the Śāstras, Āgamas, and Purāṇas examined by Brāhmaṇas residing in Pāṇṭikulāntaka-caturvedimaṅkalam.

Hand description:

Languages: Sanskrit, Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (tfa) (tfa-sii-epigraphy).

Version: (05cda97), last modified (36884e2).

Edition

⟨1⟩ (hara ~) svasti śrī

[10+] rathakāran-āy-ulḷa kaṇmāḷa¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ukku vṛ¡t!⟨tt⟩i-vidhānañ collukiṟa smṛtikaḷil gautama-vācakattālum nārada-vacanat=tālum maskara-vacanat=tālum yājñavalkya-vacanattālum [2+] lla-vṛtti-vacanattālum brāhma{m·}-purāṇa-vacanattālum kṣatriya-vaiśyāṉulomā{n}n=tarajōtpanno rath¿ā?⟨a⟩kāraḥ

Anul¡o!⟨ō⟩ma¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ e¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ṟa Ita¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ukku vacanam

I. Anuṣṭubh

vaiśyata{ḥ}(ś śū)dra-ka¡nn!⟨n⟩yāyāṁ

a

sajñātaḥ karaṇa⟨ḥ⟩ striyām·

b

Asmād aṁbaṣṭhato jāto

c

rathakāra Iti smṛtaḥ

d

Atra yājñavalkya-vacanam·

II. Anuṣṭubh

māhiṣyeṇa karaṇyān tu

a

rathakāraḥ prajāyate

b

nāsyopanayanan nejyā

c

nādhānañ ca niṣiddhyate

d
III. Anuṣṭubh

[⏓⏓⏓⏓⏑–] (yat tu)

a

(ka)lpayessya(ndanasya ca)

b

vidyayādhītayā svasya

c

śarīram· varttayed ayam· ||

d

Attra śaṃkha-vacanam· ||

kṣatriya-vaiṣyānulomā{na}ntarajotpanno rathakāraḥ tasyejyādhānopanayana-saṃskāra-kriyāś ca pratiṣiddhās tasyāśva-ratha⟨2⟩-sūtra-śilpa-vāstu-vidyādy-addhyayana-kramaḥ vṛttitā ceti

IV. Anuṣṭubh

Anulomyopaneyānām·

a

sa(ndhy)āyā(m a)pyupāsanam·|

b

nādhānaṁ sannidhān⟨ā⟩gni

c

hotran-naup⟨ā⟩sanan tathā

d
V. Anuṣṭubh

na ca pañca-mahā-yajño

a

na vedādhyayanan tathā

b

mantreṇa rahit(ā) tveṣām

c

upanītir api smṛtā||

d

Attra gautamīya-vivaraṇaṁ kurvvatā maskara-paṭhitaṁ smṛtty-antara-vacanam·

Anulomānām upanaya[m eva] na vedāddhyaya⟨na⟩n na pañca-mahāyajñ¿ā?⟨aṃ⟩ naupāsanan nāg⟨ni⟩hotran na samit·kāryan na sandhyopāsanam upanayanam api tūṣṇīm eveti

vi¡s!⟨ś⟩vakarmmīye

VI. Anuṣṭubh

Am·baṣṭhena karaṇyān tu

a

rathakāraḥ prajāyate

b

jāya [⏓⏓⏑–⏑⏓]

c

[⏓⏓⏓⏓] samarcita(ḥ)

d
VII. uncertain

na jāyate viśva [17+] sarvataḥ priyaḥ

ab
VIII. Anuṣṭubh

Anulomeṣu sarvveṣu

a

tūṣṇīm upanayaḥ kriyā |

b
IX. Anuṣṭubh

savarṇām·baṣṭhayor eva

c

sāpi tat· savidhīyate

d

rathakārādi-jā⟨3⟩tīnām

a

upanītir amantrakam· |

b
X. Anuṣṭubh

na yajño nāpi sandhyādi

c

kiñcānya⟨d ya⟩t tu vaidikam

d

Ādhāna mātraṁ kurvvīta

e

rathākāras tu viśvakṛ⟨t·⟩

f
XI. Anuṣṭubh

vāstu-śilpaka vidyābhyāṁ

a

varttayed eṣa nityaśaḥ

b

devatā-pratimāñ cāpi

c

kuryyāc citran tathaiva ca

d
XII. uncertain

ya¿jñ?⟨ntr⟩ānām api pātrāṇi

a

prati-pūrvvam· prakalpayet·

b

suvarṇ¿n?⟨ṇ⟩ābharaṇānāñ ca

c

kāñcāvyaya s¿k?⟨t⟩riyā ||

d
XIII. Anuṣṭubh

devatādi-tanūnā⟨ṃ⟩ c¿e?⟨a⟩

a

karaṇaṁ śilpa-jīvi¿k?⟨t⟩ā |

b

sauvarṇa-vastu-nirmmāṇa⟨ṁ⟩

c

svarṇnakāra Itīṣyate ||

d
XIV. Anuṣṭubh

Ayas-karmmaṇy ayaskāras

a

takṣā takṣaka-karmmaṇi

b

tanūnāṁ kara(ṇa)n tvaṣṭā

c

sa eva rathakṛt· bhave(t·)

d
XV. Anuṣṭubh

prāsāda⟨m·⟩ devatādīnāṁ

a

sthāpanāt· sthapati⟨ḥ⟩ smṛtaḥ

b

sthapatir vviśvakṛt· takṣā

c

tvaṣṭā ca rathakārakaḥ

d
XVI. Anuṣṭubh

kāṣṭhiko varddhakiś ceti

e

śilpi-paryāya-vācakāḥ

f

  • Ip-paṭi cai(y)vāgamaṅkaḷilum pañcarātra-saṃhitaikaḷilum vaikhānasa-granthaṁkaḷilum viśvakarmmīyam Āgastyādi-śāstraṁkaḷilum utpatti-vṛtti-vidhānañ collutalālum
  • Iva¡ne!⟨ṉē⟩ grāmā(di)⟨4⟩-vāstukkaḷaiyu⟨m⟩ prāsādādi-vāstukkaḷaiyum pratimā-bhedaṅkaḷaiyum pañcāyudhādy-āyutaṁkaḷaiyum brahma-sṛṣṭy-ādi [5+] di-karmmaṁkaḷaiyum ceyya vidhānam uṇṭātalāl
Iv-variṣṭhomāpattiyai-y-uṭaiya rathakārānuloman-ākiya karmmāranē Ivai y-ellāñ ceyvā¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ e¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ṟu kallilum cempilum veṭṭi-k-koḷka v-e¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ṟu co¡nno!⟨ṉṉō⟩m
  • śrī-pāṇṭi-kulāntaka-c-catur-v-vedi-maṅkalattu gomathattu yajñāta-bhaṭṭa-so(ma)yājiy¡en!⟨ēṉ⟩ yajñātma-bhaṭṭa-somayājinaḥ||
  • I-p-pati co¡nnen!⟨ṉṉēṉ⟩ ko(mmakkai) pu⟨ru⟩ṣottama-bhaṭṭan¡en!⟨ēṉ⟩ || śiriya-ciṅkabhaṭṭa-somayājinaḥ ||
  • [6+] pratibhāsa{ḥ} śaṁkara-nārāyaṇa-bhaṭṭa-somayājinaḥ ⁋ cakra(pā)ṇi-bhaṭṭasya ||
  • I-p-pati co¡nnen!⟨ṉṉēṉ⟩ centiṟattu [7+] devabhaṭṭa Ag⟨n⟩i-cidatirātrayājiyē¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ Agni-cidatirātra-yājinaḥ ||
  • kānnikkuṟi keśava(n) so(ma)yājinopy evam·
  • ⟨5⟩ catur-agrahāra(bhuktyā) madhurājāta-bhaṭṭasyāpy evam· pratibhāsa-narasiṁhasya
  • hṛṣīkeśa{va}-bhaṭṭasoma{soma}yājinopy evam· pratibhāsaḥ ௳
  • kuḷavit tiruvayāṟṟaṭikaḷ deśapriya-bhaṭṭan maka¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ tiruviyalūraṭikaḷ bhaṭṭasyāpy evam· ⁋
  • [3+] ḷuka(-mū)rtti dakṣaṇāmūrti-bhaṭṭa-vasanta-yājinaḥ ⁋
  • śrī-rājādhirāja-c-catur-vedi-maṁkalattu muppurā bhavaskaṁda [2+] somayājiy¡e!⟨ē⟩ṉ bhava-skanta [6+]

kṣatriya-vaiśya-jāta¡n!⟨ṉ⟩-āy-uḷḷa [7+] śūdra-jāti-y-āy-uḷḷa ⟨6⟩ [2+] Āgamam· [2+] ditta-vacanam·|

XVII. Anuṣṭubh

sthapatiś śāstra-karmma-jñaś

a

śubhāśubhaviyogavi(t·)

b

bhūparīkṣā ca yā vidyā

c

vāstu-vidyā ca yā parā

d
XVIII. Anuṣṭubh

ta [⏓⏓⏓⏑–⏑⏓]

a

sahitau kāryyam ācare(t·)

b

tāveva sahitau [⏑⏓]

c

(sarvasaṁ)pat· kara⟨ṁ⟩ nṛṇām·||

d

bhīma-saṁhitāyām· ~

XIX. Anuṣṭubh

sulekhas suguṇaś śilpa-

a

śāstra-jñaḥ karmma-yogyakaḥ||

b

mānādi-rasa-māna-jñaś

c

śalyoddhāra-viśāradaḥ||

d
XX. Anuṣṭubh

vāstu-vidyā-kṛtābhyāsaś

a

śilā-doṣa-parīkṣakaḥ

b

sa(rvva)-lakṣaṇa-saṁyuktaḥ

c

sthapatis sa udāhṛtaḥ

d

kāraṇe ||

XXI. Anuṣṭubh

sulekhas suguṇo dhīmān·

a

śāstra-jñaḥ karmma-yogyakaḥ

b

vāstu-vidyā-kṛtābhyāsaś

c

śalyoddhāra-viśāradaḥ

d

yogaje ||

XXII. Anuṣṭubh

sthapatir vvāstu-tantra-jñas

a

sarva-śāstra-viśāradaḥ

b

mahā-deśa-stha-saṁkīrnno-

c

tpanna-janmā (ku)lā(dhamaḥ)

d
XXIII. Anuṣṭubh

sthāpako deva-deva⟨s⟩ syād

a

yajamāno janārddanaḥ

b

vidhātā sthapatis sākṣād

c

etair ddharmma-sthis tribhiḥ ||

d

suprabhede ||

XXIV. Anuṣṭubh

Ācāryyam uktavāṁś caiva

a

pūrvvoktān· sam·pragṛhya ca

b

⟨7⟩ [⏓⏓]syānveṣayet· tat·vat·

c

śilpinaṁ sukulot·bhavam·||

d
XXV. Anuṣṭubh

sthapatis sūtra-grāhī ca

a

varddhakis takṣakas tathā |

b

tanū-karaṇa [–⏑⏓]

c

[⏓⏓⏓⏓⏑–⏑⏓]

d
XXVI. Anuṣṭubh

sthapatis sūtra-grāhibhyām·

a

prāsāda-pratimāṁs tathā |

b

Akṣi-mokṣādikaṁ sarvam·

c

kārayet· takṣakottamaḥ |

d
XXVII. Anuṣṭubh

sthapatiś śāstra-karmma-jñaḥ

a

kṛta-karmmābhijātavān·

b

Īdṛśaṁ śilpanaṁ grihya

c

prārabhet· sarva-karmmakam· |

d

prapañcottare vidyāsūtre

XXVIII. Anuṣṭubh

sulekhas suguṇo dhīmān·

a

śāstra-jñaḥ karmma-yogyakaḥ

b

vāstu-vidyā-kṛtābhyāsa-ś

c

śalyoddhāra-viśāradaḥ ||

d

lakṣaṇa-pramāṇe |

XXIX. Anuṣṭubh

sarvva-lakṣaṇa-sam·panno

a

nīrograḥ kopa-varjjitaḥ ||

b

Upāya-jñas suśīla-jñaḥ

c

kṛta-hasto vicakṣaṇaḥ

d
XXX. Anuṣṭubh

takṣakaś śāstra-sam·panno

a

vinīto vāstuvit· sadā

b

postakaṁ hastadhārī ca

c

kṛtakṛtyas sujātakaḥ

d

prapañca-taṁtre lakṣaṇa-pramāṇe ||

XXXI. uncertain

prasiddha-deśe saṁkīrnna-jātijobhīṣṭa la [8+] ⟨8⟩ [2+] ṇaḥ

ab
XXXII. Anuṣṭubh

vāstu-vidyā-vidhāna-jñas

a

tūhāpoha-samanvitaḥ

b

nimitta{ś}-śakuna-jyoti-

c

jñāne samyak· prabho(dhakaḥ)

d
XXXIII. Anuṣṭubh

veda-vid dharmma-vid dhīmān

a

ācāryyaḥ prokṣita-(s suddhīḥ)

b

prāsāda-liṁga-kāryyeṣu

c

¿mānosura?⟨mānasa⟩-kāya-karmmabhiḥ ⁋

d
XXXIV. Anuṣṭubh

brah⟨m⟩aiva sthapatis sākṣāt·

a

yajamānas tu keśavaḥ

b

gurus sarvasya kāryyasya

c

mahādevas sakāraṇam· ⁋

d

śrī-pañcarātraṁ kāpiṁ(jalaṁ)

XXXV. Anuṣṭubh

bhuvaṁ khātvā śilām· paśyed

a

ācāryaś śilpibhis saha

b

śilpinaṁ pūjayet· kāle

c

dhana-dhānya-gajādibhiḥ

d

parama-puruṣa-saṁhitāyām· ||

XXXVI. uncertain

[6+] sāreṇa kārayet· [4+] ṇam· ௳

ab

śrī-vaikhānasa-mahāstave|

XXXVII. Anuṣṭubh

śilpa-śāstrokta-vidhinā

a

śilpinas samyag ācaret·

b

tasmāt· sarvva-prayatnena

c

Ācāryyaś śilpibhis saha

d

Atri-prokte||

XXXVIII. Anuṣṭubh

vidhivat· sthāpayitvaivaṁ

a

śilpibhiś śāstra-kovidai⟨ḥ⟩

b

Āgastya-vāstu-śāstre||

XXXIX. Anuṣṭubh

svatantra{ḥ}-paratantra-jña⟨ḥ⟩

a

kṛta-kṛtyas sumānasaḥ

b

⟨9⟩ (dha)rmma-jñas satya-sam·panna⟨s⟩

c

sarvendriya{ḥ}-jitendriyaḥ

d
XL. Anuṣṭubh

Itihāsa-purāṇa-jñaḥ

a

smṛti-vit· vāstu-vit· su¿t?⟨d⟩hīḥ

b

Ata[ndrī śu]dha-bhaktaś ca

c

Alubdha(ś cā)malātmakaḥ

d
XLI. Anuṣṭubh

nimittātām· krama-jñaś ca

a

⟨ci⟩tra-karmma-viśāradaḥ

b

sarvāvayava-niṣpanne

c

vimāne cottarāyaṇe

d
XLII. Anuṣṭubh

pra(śa)sta-(pa)kṣa-nakṣatre

a

yajamāno janārddanaḥ

b

[⏓⏓⏓⏓⏑–⏑⏓]

c

[stha]patiś ca mahātmanaḥ

d
XLIII. Anuṣṭubh

[⏓⏓⏓⏓] śarīrāṁgam·

a

pāce bhautika-saṃjñi{ta}ta(m·)

b

vimānaṁ vidhinā samyak·

c

jala-saṁprokṣaṇañ care(t)

d

vāstu-vidyāyāṁ⁋

XLIV. Anuṣṭubh

viśva-karmmā (ca Ā)cāryo

a

gurutvāt· viśva-karmmaṇām·

b

sthapatiḥ sthāpanaṁ kurvan·

c

Iti śilpi[r vvidhīyate]

d
XLV. Anuṣṭubh

[⏓⏓⏓] sthapatis sa(tya)-

a

śāstra-karmma-vicakṣaṇaḥ

b

kṛta-kṛtyaḥ kulīnaś ca

c

Ahīnādhika-lakṣaṇaḥ

d
XLVI. Anuṣṭubh

dhārmmikaḥ satyavādī ca

a

gaṇita-jñaḥ purāṇa-vit·

b

citra-vit· sarvva-deśa-jñas

c

sunāmā yamanāmayaḥ

d
XLVII. Anuṣṭubh

dṛḍhayonasū

a

⟨10⟩ (yo)nalasobhayaḥ

b

⟨a⟩lubdhośanadodīno

c

pramādī ca jitendriya[ḥ]

d
XLVIII. Anuṣṭubh

sapta-vyasana-jid dhīmān·

a

Ūhāpoha-vicakṣaṇaḥ ||

b

sārasvatīye ||

XLIX. Anuṣṭubh

viśvakarmmā ṛṣer nnāmnā

a

gurutvā(t·) viśva-karmmaṇaḥ

b

sthapatiḥ sthāpanaṁ kurvvan·

c

Iti śilpir vvidhīyate |

d
L. Anuṣṭubh

tatva-jñaḥ sthapatis sarva-

a

śāstrāṇāñ ca viśeṣataḥ

b

dhārmmikas satya-vādī ca

c

kṛta-kṛtya⟨ḥ⟩ kulotbhavaḥ

d

  • ⟨11⟩ (nārāyaṇa-bha)ṭṭa-so⟨ma⟩yājinaḥ ⁋
  • śrī-rājādhirāja-caturvvedi-maṅkalattu nampūr kaṭṭukkē śrī-raṁganātha-bhaṭṭa-vājape⟨ya⟩yājiy¡en!⟨ēṉ⟩
  • śrī-raṁga-nātha-bhaṭṭa¡(n)!⟨ṉ⟩(ē)¡(n)!⟨ṉ⟩ [3+]

⟨12⟩ svasti śrī ⁋

LI. Anuṣṭubh

vaiśyataḥ śūdra-kannyāyāṁ

a

sannjātaḥ karaṇa-striyām·

b

Asmād aṁbaṣṭhato jāt(o)

c

rathakāra Iti smṛta⟨ḥ⟩

d

veḷḷāḻa-peṇ pi⟨ḷ⟩ḷai [7+] Eṟi¡n!⟨ṉ⟩a vaiśyanukku [10+] piṟan=ta rathakā⟨ra⟩nātava¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ tacca¡n!⟨ṉ⟩

Atra gautamī(ya)m· vivaraṇa⟨m·⟩

LII. Anuṣṭubh

māhiṣyeṇa karaṇyān tu

a

rathakāraḥ prajāyate

b

nāsyopanaya⟨na⟩n nejyā

c

nādhānañ ca niṣiddhyate

d
LIII. Anuṣṭubh

sūtrasya vājino vāstu-

a

śilpayos syandranasya ca

b

vidyayā⟨bhya⟩dhika⟨ḥ⟩ svasya

c

śarīraṁ varttayed ayam·

d

māhiṣya(nu)kku karṇikku piṟa(ntā)¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ rathakāra¡n!⟨ṉ⟩-ā¡n!⟨ṉ⟩a tacca¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ I{v}va⟨¡n!⟨ṉ⟩u⟩kku to¡l!⟨ḻ⟩i [10+] ku(ru)taikku Ilakkaṇamum vāstu-śāstramum cilpa-toḻi{la}lum to{r}paṇṇum i⟨la⟩kka(ṇamu)m Ākiṟa In=ta vijaika{ḷ}ḷālē ta¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ car¿i?⟨ī⟩ra⟨m⟩ Irakṣikkum Itu rathakāra¡n!⟨ṉ⟩-ā¡n!⟨ṉ⟩a tacca¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ukku vṛt=ti E¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ṟu co¡nn!⟨ṉṉ⟩ār ~

yājñavalkīye ta [2+]

Atra śaṁkha-va(cana)ṁ ⁋

⟨13⟩ kṣatriya-vaiśyānulomān=tarajot·panno rathakāra⟨r⟩-Āna kammāḷar¡o!⟨ō⟩m Anul¡o!⟨ō⟩⟨ma⟩rom pratil¡o!⟨ō⟩mar-āna jātikaḷil Iḻi-toḻil ceyy¡o!⟨ō⟩m ākavum Eṉṟu coṉṉār

[6+] kku Iḻi-toḻil ceyy¡o!⟨ō⟩m ākavum smṛti-vacanaṁkaḷi⟨l⟩ collutalālum paṇṇin¡o!⟨ō⟩m rathakārarom

kṣatriya-vaiśyānulom⟨ā⟩ntarajotpannar rathakāra⟨r⟩ tasyej·⟨yā⟩dhānopanayana-kriyāś cā pratiṣi(ddhatvāt·) tasyāśva-ratha-sūtra-śilpa-vāstu-vidyā-dhanur-vvi⟨dyā⟩nvitāś ceti

Ampaṭṭa¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ukku karaṇikku piṟan=tā¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ rathakāra¡n!⟨ṉ⟩-ā¡n!⟨ṉ⟩a kammāḷa¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ Iva¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ukku toḻil Aśvajātīyamum tēr teruvi

Apparatus

⟨8⟩ ¿mānosura?⟨mānasa⟩ • Emendation following D.

Translation by Dorotea Operato and Emmanuel Francis

(1) Hara! Prosperity! Fortune!

(1) Among the smṛtis which state the rules of conduct for the Kaṇmāḷa1 who is a Rathakāra […], in view of/as per a statement by Gautama, a statement by Nārada, a statement by Maskara2, a statement by Yājñavalkya, a statement in the commentary […], and a statement in the Brahmapurāṇa, a Rathakāra is ...

(1) There is a statement to this which states that he is an anuloma:

I
...

(1) Here a statement by Yājñavalkya:

II
A rathakāra indeed is born through a māhiṣya in a karaṇī. Neither initiation, nor sacrifice, nor kindling of sacrificial fires is prohibited to him.3
III
...

(1) Here a statement by Śaṅkha:

...4

IV
...
V
...

(2) Here a statement from a smṛti mentioned by Maskara5, while making a comment on Gautama:

(2) ...

(2) In Viśvakarmīya [is the following statement:]

VI
...
VII
...

...

XV
...

(3–4)

  • Since his origin and rules of conduct are stated so (collutalālum) in the Śaivāgamas, the Pañcarātrasaṃhitās, ...
  • and since the rule is (uṇṭalālum) to do6 ...
we have declared that they engrave on stone and copper [a statement] specifying (eṉṟu) that the Karmmāra7 does so all of these ..., (we, that is:)
  • I, Yajñāta-bhaṭṭa-somayājin ...
  • ...

...

(12) Here a comment on Gautama:

LI
A rathakāra indeed is born through a māhiṣya in a karaṇī. Neither initiation, nor sacrifice, nor kindling of sacrificial fires is prohibited to him.8
LII
...

(12) He says that a taccaṉ who is a rathakāra is one born to a māhiṣya and a karṇi, that to him […], that the conduct (vṛtti) of a taccaṉ who is a rathakāra is to protect his body through these knowledges that are grammar, architecture, sculpture, …, and grammar.

(12) […] in Jāyñavalkya […]

(12) Here a statement by Śaṅkha:

(13) He says that we, Kammāḷars who are Rathakāras ..., as anulomas, we should, among the anuloma castes, do the menial tasks.

(13) And we, Rathakāras, we have done [so], since it is stated in statement of smśrtis that whe should do the menial tasks […].

(13) ...9

(13) A Kammāḷa who is a Rathākara is one born ….

Commentary

Date = ca. 12th century.

Bibliography

Reported in ARIE 1904-1905 (ARIE/1904-1905/A/1904/558). Summary in Mahalingam 1992 (Tj 1668).

Edited in Krishnan 1964 (SII 17.603). Discussed in Derrett 1971.

This digital edition by Dorotea Operato and Emmanuel Francis, based on Krishnan 1964 and Derrett 1971. Dharmaśāstric sources assessed with Resource Library for Dharmaśāstra Studies of the University of Texas at Austin.

Primary

[SII] Krishnan, K. G. 1964. South-Indian inscriptions. Volume XVII: Inscriptions collected during the year 1903-04. South Indian Inscriptions 17. Delhi: Archaeological survey of India (Manager of Publications). Pages 269–271, item 603.

Secondary

[ARIE] ARIE 1904-1905. G.O. No. 518, 18th July 1905. Epigraphy. Recording the annual report of the Government Epigraphist for the year 1904-1905, and directing that the report be forwarded to the government of India. Edited by V. Venkayya. No place, 1905. Page 21, appendix A/1904, item 558.

Mahalingam, T. V. 1992. A topographical list of inscriptions in the Tamil Nadu and Kerala states. Volume Seven: Thanjavur district. New Delhi: ICHR. Page 390, item 1668.

[D] Derrett, J. Duncan M. 1971. “Two inscriptions concerning the status of Kammalas and the application of Dharmasastra.” In: Professor K. A. Nilakanta Sastri felicitation volume. Madras: Professor K. A. Nilakanta Sastri felicitation committee, pp. 108–123.

Notes

  1. 1. That is, the Kammāḷa.
  2. 2. That is, Maskarin.
  3. 3. The padas a and b are Yājñavalkyadharmaśāstra 1.91.4ab, but the padas c and d are untraced. They are suspect to Derrett 1971 (p. 39).
  4. 4. See Mitākṣarā ad Yājñavalkyadharmaśāstra 1.95.
  5. 5. That is, Maskarin.
  6. 6. That is, since his duty is to.
  7. 7. That is, the Kammāḷa.
  8. 8. The padas a and b are Yājñavalkyadharmaśāstra 1.91.4ab, but the padas c and d are untraced. They are suspect to Derrett 1971 (p. 39).
  9. 9. See Mitākṣarā ad Yājñavalkyadharmaśāstra 1.95.