Kōvintapputtūr (Govindapputtūr), Gaṅgājaṭādhara temple, time of Parakesarivarman, year (13)

Authors of digital edition: Valérie Gillet (vagi), Emmanuel Francis (emfr).

Summary: On the northern façade, on the wall section between the ardha-maṇḍapa and the sanctuary (zone A). Line 16 is on the vertical ledge below the wall section (zone B). Line 17 is on the horizontal part below the first ledge (zone C¹). Lines 18-19 are engraved on the recess, below the first ledge (zone D). Lines 20-30 are engraved on the ardha-maṇḍapa, on the western side of the niche containing Kālārimūrti (zone E), that is, on the left of the previous zones. Regnal year 13 of Kōpparakesarivarman = Uttamacōḻa (circa 984 CE).

Language: Tamil (tam).

Version: 2025-09-22 18:18 (75408f8), last modified 2025-09-21 12:20 (84303f8).

Edition

⟨Zone A⟩
⟨1⟩ (svasti) śrī kō-p-para-kēcari-panma⟨r⟩kku yāṇṭu 10 (3)-Āvatu (va)-
⟨2⟩ ṭa-ka(rai)-brahmatēyam periya vāṉavaṉ-mahādevi-ścatu(r)vve(di)-
⟨3⟩ -ma(ṅka)lattu śiva-brāhmaṇar kāśya¡v!aṉ kuṉ(ṟa)ṉ ciṅka-pa-
⟨4⟩ ṭṭa(ṉu)m bhāradvāci koṟṟaṉ tiru-v-araṅka-paṭṭaṉum Uḷḷaṭṭ(ō)-
⟨5⟩ m (A)raiyaṉ caṅkara-nārāyaṇaṉ-āṉa cōḻa-muttaraiyar-
⟨6⟩ k(ku O)ṭṭi-k kai-t-t¡i!ṭṭu Iṭu-k kuṭutta paric’ āvatu Ivv-ūr (Ī)‡var Eṭuppit‡ta śrī-kayil(ā)-
⟨7⟩ (yat)(tu) Āḷv¿a?rkku vaṭa-k(ū)ṭi Ēri-k kiḻ nilattil (ni)vantam ‡ c(e)yta paṭiyi‡l nāṅka⟨ḷ⟩
⟨8⟩ (nilam koṇṭu) (cantrādi)tyavaṟ ce¡vv!ōm ā(ka) (nivantam){tam} ‡ tiru-c-ce¡nṉ!a‡ṭai-p-puṟamum
⟨9⟩ n(e)yy-amutum kaṟi-(y-a)mutum tayir-amutum Aṭaikkāy-amutu‡m Ayaṉa-caṅkirā‡nti Iraṇṭu-
⟨10⟩ (kkum) viṣu Iraṇṭu(k)kum vaiykāci-vicākamum s(t)apanam āṭi‡-(A)ruḷi perun tiru‡-Amutu cey-
⟨11⟩ (vu)m tiru-p-pukaiyu(m ti)ru-c-cantaṇamum tiru-viḷakku Eṇṇai nicata‡m nāḻikkum I‡t-taṉaikkum
⟨12⟩ (vai)yta nilaṅ koṇṭu panmāheśvara-nāṟpatt-eṇṇāyiravar (ka)‡ṇkāṇi-y-āka-c ‡ ceyvit’ ākavu-
⟨13⟩ (m) (tiru)-Amutu Oru nāḷ (mu)ṭṭil kala⟨m⟩ nel taṇṭa-p-paṭuvat’ ākavum ‡ maṟṟum nivan‡⟨ta⟩m muṭṭil pa-
⟨14⟩ (ṭi) (Iraṭṭi) ceyvit’ ā(ka)vum It-taṉaiy(u)m tiṟampil vāriya-(p)‡-perumakkaḷukku ‡ Iru-kaḻañcu
⟨15⟩ (poṉ maṉṟuvat’ ākavum) (Ip-paricu Oṭṭi-k kai-t-t)¡(i)!(ṭṭu)-

⟨Zone B⟩

⟨16⟩ (kuṭu)ttōm cōḻa-muttaraiyarkku kuṉṟaṉ ciṅka-pa⟨ṭ⟩ṭaṉu‡(m) koṟṟaṉ ‡ tiru-Araṅ(ka)ṉum-

⟨Zone C⟩

⟨17⟩ (Uḷḷiṭṭōm maṟṟu Ik-kōyilli paṇi ceytu munpu niṉṟōmē Ip-pa)-

⟨Zone D⟩

⟨18⟩ ṇi ce⟨y⟩yā viṭ(i)l It-taṇṭa-p-paṭuvat-āka Iṭṭu ‡ kuṭuttōm ‡ Ivv-aṉaivō-

⟨19⟩ (m) Iva⟨r⟩kaḷ vēṇṭa Eḻutiṉē⟨ṉ⟩ kāviri-t-te¡n!-karai Aḷanāṭ‡ṭu variñci‡yūr brahmatē-

⟨Zone E⟩
⟨20⟩ yattu kāśya¡v!aṉ śrī-kaṇṭan tā-
⟨21⟩ mōtira-paṭṭa¡n!-ēṉ Ivai y-eṉ
⟨22⟩ Eḻuttu Ip-paṭ¿a? y-oṭṭa Ip-
⟨23⟩ -paṇi ceyvat’ āka Iṭṭu-k kuṭuttō-
⟨24⟩ m bhāradvāci koṟṟaṉ tiru-v-araṅ{ā}kaṉu⟨m⟩
⟨25⟩ kāśya¡v!aṉ kuṉṟaṉ ciṅka-paṭṭaṉum
⟨26⟩ Uḷḷiṭṭa Ivv-aṉaivōm Iva⟨r⟩kaḷ
⟨27⟩ k¿a?mmāṭṭāṅkiṉāl Eḻutiṉāṉum
⟨28⟩ Iṭṭu-k kuṭuttēṉ kuṉṟaṉ ciṅ-
⟨29⟩ kapaṭṭaṉ-ēṉ Ivai y-e¡ṉṉ! eḻu-
⟨30⟩ tt[u] Ivai panmāheśvara-rakṣai

⟨Zone A⟩ ⟨1⟩ (svasti) śrī

kō-p-para-kēcari-panma⟨r⟩kku yāṇṭu 10 (3)-Āvatu

(va)⟨2⟩ṭa-ka(rai)-brahmatēyam periya vāṉavaṉ-mahādevi-ścatu(r)vve(di)⟨3⟩-ma(ṅka)lattu śiva-brāhmaṇar kāśya⟨p⟩aṉ kuṉ(ṟa)ṉ ciṅka-pa⟨4⟩ṭṭa(ṉu)m bhāradvāci koṟṟaṉ tiru-v-araṅka-paṭṭaṉum Uḷḷaṭṭ(ō)⟨5⟩m (A)raiyaṉ caṅkara-nārāyaṇaṉ-āṉa cōḻa-muttaraiyar⟨6⟩k(ku O)ṭṭi-k kai-t-t⟨ī⟩ṭṭu Iṭu-k kuṭutta paric’ āvatu

Ivv-ūr (Ī)‡var Eṭuppit‡ta śrī-kayil(ā)⟨7⟩(yat)(tu) Āḷv⟨ā⟩rkku vaṭa-k(ū)ṭi Ēri-k kiḻ nilattil (ni)vantam ‡ c(e)yta paṭiyi‡l nāṅka⟨ḷ⟩ ⟨8⟩ (nilam koṇṭu) (cantrādi)tyavaṟ ce⟨yv⟩ōm ā(ka) (nivantam){tam} ‡ tiru-c-ce⟨ṉṉ⟩a‡ṭai-p-puṟamum ⟨9⟩ n(e)yy-amutum kaṟi-(y-a)mutum tayir-amutum Aṭaikkāy-amutu‡m Ayaṉa-caṅkirā‡nti Iraṇṭu⟨10⟩(kkum) viṣu Iraṇṭu(k)kum vaiykāci-vicākamum s(t)apanam āṭi‡-(A)ruḷi perun tiru‡-Amutu cey⟨11⟩(vu)m tiru-p-pukaiyu(m ti)ru-c-cantaṇamum tiru-viḷakku Eṇṇai nicata‡m nāḻikkum I‡t-taṉaikkum ⟨12⟩ (vai)yta nilaṅ koṇṭu panmāheśvara-nāṟpatt-eṇṇāyiravar (ka)‡ṇkāṇi-y-āka-c ‡ ceyvit’ ākavu⟨13⟩(m)

(tiru)-Amutu Oru nāḷ (mu)ṭṭil kala⟨m⟩ nel taṇṭa-p-paṭuvat’ ākavum

‡ maṟṟum nivan‡⟨ta⟩m muṭṭil pa⟨14⟩(ṭi) (Iraṭṭi) ceyvit’ ā(ka)vum

It-taṉaiy(u)m tiṟampil vāriya-(p)‡-perumakkaḷukku ‡ Iru-kaḻañcu ⟨15⟩ (poṉ maṉṟuvat’ ākavum)

(Ip-paricu Oṭṭi-k kai-t-t)⟨ī⟩(ṭṭu)⟨Zone B⟩⟨16⟩(kuṭu)ttōm cōḻa-muttaraiyarkku kuṉṟaṉ ciṅka-pa⟨ṭ⟩ṭaṉu‡(m) koṟṟaṉ ‡ tiru-Araṅ(ka)ṉum⟨Zone C⟩⟨17⟩(Uḷḷiṭṭōm maṟṟu Ik-kōyilli paṇi ceytu munpu niṉṟōmē Ip-pa)⟨Zone D⟩⟨18⟩ṇi ce⟨y⟩yā viṭ(i)l It-taṇṭa-p-paṭuvat-āka Iṭṭu ‡ kuṭuttōm ‡ Ivv-aṉaivō⟨19⟩(m)

Iva⟨r⟩kaḷ vēṇṭa Eḻutiṉē⟨ṉ⟩ kāviri-t-te⟨ṉ⟩-karai Aḷanāṭ‡ṭu variñci‡yūr brahmatē⟨Zone E⟩⟨20⟩yattu kāśya⟨p⟩aṉ śrī-kaṇṭan tā⟨21⟩mōtira-paṭṭa⟨ṉ⟩-ēṉ

Ivai y-eṉ ⟨22⟩ Eḻuttu

Ip-paṭ⟨i⟩ y-oṭṭa Ip⟨23⟩-paṇi ceyvat’ āka Iṭṭu-k kuṭuttō⟨24⟩m bhāradvāci koṟṟaṉ tiru-v-araṅ{ā}kaṉu⟨m⟩ ⟨25⟩ kāśya⟨p⟩aṉ kuṉṟaṉ ciṅka-paṭṭaṉum ⟨26⟩ Uḷḷiṭṭa Ivv-aṉaivōm Iva⟨r⟩kaḷ ⟨27⟩ k⟨ai⟩mmāṭṭāṅkiṉāl Eḻutiṉāṉum ⟨28⟩ Iṭṭu-k kuṭuttēṉ kuṉṟaṉ ciṅ⟨29⟩kapaṭṭaṉ-ēṉ

Ivai y-e⟨ṉ⟩ eḻu⟨30⟩tt[u]

Ivai panmāheśvara-rakṣai

⟨Zone A⟩ ⟨1⟩ (svasti) śrī

kō-p-para-kēcari-panma⟨r⟩kku yāṇṭu 10 (3)-Āvatu

(va)⟨2⟩ṭa-ka(rai)-brahmatēyam periya vāṉavaṉ-mahādevi-ścatu(r)vve(di)⟨3⟩-ma(ṅka)lattu śiva-brāhmaṇar kāśya¡v!⟨p⟩aṉ kuṉ(ṟa)ṉ ciṅka-pa⟨4⟩ṭṭa(ṉu)m bhāradvāci koṟṟaṉ tiru-v-araṅka-paṭṭaṉum Uḷḷaṭṭ(ō)⟨5⟩m (A)raiyaṉ caṅkara-nārāyaṇaṉ-āṉa cōḻa-muttaraiyar⟨6⟩k(ku O)ṭṭi-k kai-t-t¡i!⟨ī⟩ṭṭu Iṭu-k kuṭutta paric’ āvatu

Ivv-ūr (Ī)‡var Eṭuppit‡ta śrī-kayil(ā)⟨7⟩(yat)(tu) Āḷv¿a?⟨ā⟩rkku vaṭa-k(ū)ṭi Ēri-k kiḻ nilattil (ni)vantam ‡ c(e)yta paṭiyi‡l nāṅka⟨ḷ⟩ ⟨8⟩ (nilam koṇṭu) (cantrādi)tyavaṟ ce¡vv!⟨yv⟩ōm ā(ka) (nivantam){tam} ‡ tiru-c-ce¡nṉ!⟨ṉṉ⟩a‡ṭai-p-puṟamum ⟨9⟩ n(e)yy-amutum kaṟi-(y-a)mutum tayir-amutum Aṭaikkāy-amutu‡m Ayaṉa-caṅkirā‡nti Iraṇṭu⟨10⟩(kkum) viṣu Iraṇṭu(k)kum vaiykāci-vicākamum s(t)apanam āṭi‡-(A)ruḷi perun tiru‡-Amutu cey⟨11⟩(vu)m tiru-p-pukaiyu(m ti)ru-c-cantaṇamum tiru-viḷakku Eṇṇai nicata‡m nāḻikkum I‡t-taṉaikkum ⟨12⟩ (vai)yta nilaṅ koṇṭu panmāheśvara-nāṟpatt-eṇṇāyiravar (ka)‡ṇkāṇi-y-āka-c ‡ ceyvit’ ākavu⟨13⟩(m)

(tiru)-Amutu Oru nāḷ (mu)ṭṭil kala⟨m⟩ nel taṇṭa-p-paṭuvat’ ākavum

‡ maṟṟum nivan‡⟨ta⟩m muṭṭil pa⟨14⟩(ṭi) (Iraṭṭi) ceyvit’ ā(ka)vum

It-taṉaiy(u)m tiṟampil vāriya-(p)‡-perumakkaḷukku ‡ Iru-kaḻañcu ⟨15⟩ (poṉ maṉṟuvat’ ākavum)

(Ip-paricu Oṭṭi-k kai-t-t)¡(i)!⟨ī⟩(ṭṭu)⟨Zone B⟩⟨16⟩(kuṭu)ttōm cōḻa-muttaraiyarkku kuṉṟaṉ ciṅka-pa⟨ṭ⟩ṭaṉu‡(m) koṟṟaṉ ‡ tiru-Araṅ(ka)ṉum⟨Zone C⟩⟨17⟩(Uḷḷiṭṭōm maṟṟu Ik-kōyilli paṇi ceytu munpu niṉṟōmē Ip-pa)⟨Zone D⟩⟨18⟩ṇi ce⟨y⟩yā viṭ(i)l It-taṇṭa-p-paṭuvat-āka Iṭṭu ‡ kuṭuttōm ‡ Ivv-aṉaivō⟨19⟩(m)

Iva⟨r⟩kaḷ vēṇṭa Eḻutiṉē⟨ṉ⟩ kāviri-t-te¡n!⟨ṉ⟩-karai Aḷanāṭ‡ṭu variñci‡yūr brahmatē⟨Zone E⟩⟨20⟩yattu kāśya¡v!⟨p⟩aṉ śrī-kaṇṭan tā⟨21⟩mōtira-paṭṭa¡n!⟨ṉ⟩-ēṉ

Ivai y-eṉ ⟨22⟩ Eḻuttu

Ip-paṭ¿a?⟨i⟩ y-oṭṭa Ip⟨23⟩-paṇi ceyvat’ āka Iṭṭu-k kuṭuttō⟨24⟩m bhāradvāci koṟṟaṉ tiru-v-araṅ{ā}kaṉu⟨m⟩ ⟨25⟩ kāśya¡v!⟨p⟩aṉ kuṉṟaṉ ciṅka-paṭṭaṉum ⟨26⟩ Uḷḷiṭṭa Ivv-aṉaivōm Iva⟨r⟩kaḷ ⟨27⟩ k¿a?⟨ai⟩mmāṭṭāṅkiṉāl Eḻutiṉāṉum ⟨28⟩ Iṭṭu-k kuṭuttēṉ kuṉṟaṉ ciṅ⟨29⟩kapaṭṭaṉ-ēṉ

Ivai y-e¡ṉṉ!⟨ṉ⟩ eḻu⟨30⟩tt[u]

Ivai panmāheśvara-rakṣai

Apparatus

⟨15⟩ whole line • I cannot locate this line on my pictures.

⟨22⟩ Ippaṭ¿a?⟨i⟩ ⬦ Ippaṭi SII.

Translation by Gillet 2023

⟨1⟩ Fortune! Prosperity!

⟨1⟩ [This is the] 13th year of Kōpparakesarivarman.

⟨1–6⟩ [We] the Śivabrāhmaṇars of big Vāṉavaṉ-mahādevi-caturvedimaṅgalam, a brahmadeya of the northern bank, we, including Kāśyavaṉ Kuṉṟaṉ Ciṅkapaṭṭaṉ and Bhāradvāci Koṟṟaṉ Tiruvaraṅkapaṭṭaṉ, having undertaken for Araiyaṉ Caṅkaranārāyaṇaṉ alias Cōḻamuttaraiyar, having granted the document, we gave in this manner.

⟨6–13⟩ In the order which made the endowment (nivantam) in the land under [the irrigation of] the Vaṭakūṭi lake for the lord (āḷvarkku) of the Śrī Kayilāyam, built (eṭupitta) by him (ivar) of this village, having taken our land, as long as the sun and the moon endure, we will have to make the endowment; the lands (puṟam) for the temple expenses (tiruccenṉaṭai), the ghee food offerings, the vegetable food offerings, the curd food offerings, the arecanut food offerings, the making of the big holy food offerings for the gracious holy bath on the month of Vaikāci Vicākam for two viṣu and for two ayaṉa Sankirāntis, the holy smoke, the holy sandal paste, for a nāḻi of oil daily for a holy lamp; for all this [we] gave, having taken the land; the forty-eight thousand Panmāheśvaras, as supervisers (kaṇkāṇiyāka), will have to perform.

⟨13⟩ If the holy food offerings, for one day, are hindered, a fine of one kalam of paddy will fall.

⟨13–14⟩ If the endowment is hindered besides [this], it will have to be done, having beaten the drum (iraṭṭi) for the order.

⟨14–15⟩ If the supervision committee (vāriyam) deviates from all these, two kaḻañcus of gold for the Lord (perumakkaḷukku) will have to be collected.

⟨15–19⟩ In this manner, having undertaken [the endowment], we gave the document (kaittīṭṭu) for Cōḻamuttaraiyar, we, having stood before, having made the service in this temple beside us, Kuṉṟaṉ Ciṅkapaṉ and Kōṟṟaṉ Tiru Araṅkaṉ; if this service is not accomplished this fine will have to fall; having granted, we gave, we of those. I have written for the need of those, I, Kāśyavaṉ Śrī Kaṇṭan Tāmotirapaṭṭan, of the brahmadeya Variñciyūr of Aḷanāṭu of the southern bank of the Kāviri.

⟨21–22⟩ Those are my letters.

⟨22–29⟩ This service undertaken in this manner will have to be made; having granted, we gave, we of those, including Kāśyavaṉ Kuṉṟaṉ Ciṅkapaṭṭaṉ and Bhāradvāci Kōṟṟaṉ Tiruvaraṅkkaṉ. I have written with the support (tāṅkiṉāl?) of Kammāḷ (?) [among] them, having granted, I gave, I, Kuṉṟaṉ Ciṅkapaṭṭaṉ.

⟨29–30⟩ Those are my letters.

⟨30⟩ This is under the protection of the Panmāheśvaras.

Bibliography

Reported in ARIE 1928-1929 (ARIE/1928-1929/B/1928-1929/157).

Edited in Srinivasa Rao et al. 1967 (SII 19.331). Edited and translated in Gillet 2023, based on autopsy and photographs (by Valérie Gillet, 2018).

This revised edition and translation by Valérie Gillet and Emmanuel Francis. Letters legible in SII 19.331 are marked here unclear but not recorded in the apparatus.

Primary

[SII] Srinivasa Rao, G.V., Dines Chandra Sircar and G.S. Gai. 1967. South-Indian inscriptions. Volume XIX: Inscriptions of Parakesarivarman. South Indian Inscriptions 19. Delhi: Archaeological survey of India (Manager of Publications). Pages 167–168, item 331.

[G] Gillet, Valérie. 2023. “Constructing temple, constructing power: Temple reconstruction process in 10th-century Tamil-speaking South with special emphasis on Govindapputtur.” In: The Routledge Handbook of Hindu Temples. By Himanshu Prabha Ray, Salila Kulshreshtha and Uthara Suvrathan. London: Routledge India, pp. 57–95. [URL]. Pages 87–89, item 14.

Secondary

ARIE 1928-1929. Annual report on epigraphy for the year 1928-1929. Edited by S. V. Viswanatha. Madras: Government Press, [1930]. Page TBC, appendixes B/1928-1929, item 157.

Notes

1. Not readable on the availabale pictures on my pictures.

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<summary>On the northern façade, on the wall section between the <foreign>ardha-maṇḍapa</foreign> and the sanctuary (zone A). Line 16 is on the vertical ledge below the wall section (zone B). Line 17 is on the horizontal part below the first ledge (zone C<note>Not readable on the availabale pictures on my pictures.</note>). Lines 18-19 are engraved on the recess, below the first ledge (zone D). Lines 20-30 are engraved on the <foreign>ardha-maṇḍapa</foreign>, on the western side of the niche containing Kālārimūrti (zone E), that is, on the left of the previous zones. Regnal year 13 of Kōpparakesarivarman = Uttamacōḻa (<foreign>circa</foreign> 984 CE).

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<milestone n="A" unit="zone" type="pagelike"/><lb n="1"/><hi rend="grantha"><unclear>svasti</unclear></hi> <hi rend="grantha">śrī</hi>

kō-p-para-kēcari-pa<hi rend="grantha">nma</hi><reg>r</reg>kku yāṇṭu <num value="13"><g type="numeral">10</g> <unclear>3</unclear></num>-Āvatu

<lb n="2" break="no"/>ṭa-ka<unclear>rai</unclear>-<hi rend="grantha">brahma</hi>tēyam periya vāṉavaṉ-<hi rend="grantha">mahādevi-ścatu<unclear>r</unclear>vve</hi><hi rend="grantha"><unclear>di</unclear></hi>

<lb n="3" break="no"/>-ma<unclear>ṅka</unclear>lattu <hi rend="grantha">śiva-brāhma</hi>ṇar kā<hi rend="grantha">śya</hi><choice><orig>v</orig><reg>p</reg></choice>aṉ kuṉ<unclear>ṟa</unclear>ṉ ciṅka-pa

<lb n="4" break="no"/>ṭṭa<unclear>ṉu</unclear>m <hi rend="grantha">bhā</hi>ra<hi rend="grantha">dvā</hi>ci koṟṟaṉ tiru-v-araṅka-paṭṭaṉum Uḷḷaṭṭ<unclear>ō</unclear>

<lb n="5" break="no"/>m <unclear>A</unclear>raiyaṉ caṅkara-nārāyaṇaṉ-āṉa cōḻa-muttaraiyar

<lb n="6" break="no"/>k<unclear>ku O</unclear>ṭṭi-k kai-t-t<choice><orig>i</orig><reg>ī</reg></choice>ṭṭu Iṭu-k kuṭutta paric' āvatu

Ivv-ūr <unclear>Ī</unclear>‡var Eṭuppit‡ta <hi rend="grantha">śrī</hi>-kayil<unclear>ā</unclear>

<lb n="7" break="no"/><unclear>yat</unclear><unclear>tu</unclear> Āḷv<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>rkku vaṭa-k<unclear>ū</unclear>ṭi Ēri-k kiḻ nilattil <unclear>ni</unclear>vantam ‡ c<unclear>e</unclear>yta paṭiyi‡l nāṅka<supplied reason="omitted">ḷ</supplied>

<lb n="8"/><unclear>nilam koṇṭu</unclear> <hi rend="grantha"><unclear>cantrādi</unclear></hi><hi rend="grantha">tya</hi>vaṟ ce<choice><orig>vv</orig><reg>yv</reg></choice>ōm ā<unclear>ka</unclear> <unclear>nivantam</unclear><surplus>tam</surplus> ‡ tiru-c-ce<choice><orig>nṉ</orig><reg>ṉṉ</reg></choice>a‡ṭai-p-puṟamum

<lb n="9"/>n<unclear>e</unclear>yy-amutum kaṟi-<unclear>y-a</unclear>mutum tayir-amutum Aṭaikkāy-amutu‡m Ayaṉa-caṅkirā‡nti Iraṇṭu

<lb n="10" break="no"/><unclear>kkum</unclear> vi<hi rend="grantha">ṣu</hi> Iraṇṭu<unclear>k</unclear>kum vaiykāci-vicākamum <hi rend="grantha">s<unclear reason="eccentric_ductus">t</unclear>apa</hi>nam āṭi‡-<unclear>A</unclear>ruḷi perun tiru‡-Amutu cey

<lb n="11" break="no"/><unclear>vu</unclear>m tiru-p-pukaiyu<unclear>m ti</unclear>ru-c-cantaṇamum tiru-viḷakku Eṇṇai nicata‡m nāḻikkum I‡t-taṉaikkum

<lb n="12"/><unclear>vai</unclear>yta nilaṅ koṇṭu <hi rend="grantha">panmāheśvara</hi>-nāṟpatt-eṇṇāyiravar <unclear>ka</unclear>‡ṇkāṇi-y-āka-c ‡ ceyvit' ākavu

<unclear>tiru</unclear>-Amutu Oru nāḷ <unclear>mu</unclear>ṭṭil kala<supplied reason="subaudible">m</supplied> nel taṇṭa-p-paṭuvat' ākavum

‡ maṟṟum nivan‡<supplied reason="omitted">ta</supplied>m muṭṭil pa

<lb n="14" break="no"/><unclear>ṭi</unclear> <unclear>Iraṭṭi</unclear> ceyvit' ā<unclear>ka</unclear>vum

It-taṉaiy<unclear>u</unclear>m tiṟampil vāriya-<unclear>p</unclear>‡-perumakkaḷukku ‡ Iru-kaḻañcu

<lb n="15"/><unclear>poṉ maṉṟuvat' ākavum</unclear>

<unclear>Ip-paricu Oṭṭi-k kai-t-t</unclear><choice><orig><unclear>i</unclear></orig><reg>ī</reg></choice><unclear>ṭṭu</unclear>

<lb n="16"/><unclear>kuṭu</unclear>ttōm cōḻa-muttaraiyarkku kuṉṟaṉ ciṅka-pa<supplied reason="omitted">ṭ</supplied>ṭaṉu‡<unclear>m</unclear> koṟṟaṉ ‡ tiru-Araṅ<unclear>ka</unclear>ṉum

<lb n="17"/><unclear>Uḷḷiṭṭōm maṟṟu Ik-kōyilli paṇi ceytu munpu niṉṟōmē Ip-pa</unclear>

<lb n="18" break="no"/>ṇi ce<supplied reason="omitted">y</supplied>yā viṭ<unclear>i</unclear>l It-taṇṭa-p-paṭuvat-āka Iṭṭu ‡ kuṭuttōm ‡ Ivv-aṉaivō

Iva<supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied>kaḷ vēṇṭa Eḻutiṉē<supplied reason="omitted">ṉ</supplied> kāviri-t-te<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice>-karai Aḷanāṭ‡ṭu variñci‡yūr <hi rend="grantha">brahma</hi>tē

<lb n="20" break="no"/>yattu <hi rend="grantha">kāśya</hi><choice><orig>v</orig><reg>p</reg></choice>aṉ <hi rend="grantha">śrī</hi>-kaṇṭan tā

<lb n="21" break="no"/>mōtira-paṭṭa<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice>-ēṉ

Ivai y-eṉ

<lb n="22"/>Eḻuttu

Ip-paṭ<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>i</corr></choice> y-oṭṭa Ip

<lb n="23" break="no"/>-paṇi ceyvat' āka Iṭṭu-k kuṭuttō

<lb n="24" break="no"/>m <hi rend="grantha">bhāradvā</hi>ci koṟṟaṉ tiru-v-araṅ<surplus>ā</surplus>kaṉu<supplied reason="omitted">m</supplied>

<lb n="25"/>kā<hi rend="grantha">śya</hi><choice><orig>v</orig><reg>p</reg></choice>aṉ kuṉṟaṉ ciṅka-paṭṭaṉum

<lb n="26"/>Uḷḷiṭṭa Ivv-aṉaivōm Iva<supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied>kaḷ

<lb n="27"/>k<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ai</corr></choice>mmāṭṭāṅkiṉāl Eḻutiṉāṉum

<lb n="28"/>Iṭṭu-k kuṭuttēṉ kuṉṟaṉ ciṅ

<lb n="29" break="no"/>kapaṭṭaṉ-ēṉ

Ivai y-e<choice><orig>ṉṉ</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice> eḻu

Ivai <hi rend="grantha">panmāheśvara-rakṣai</hi>

</div>

<lem>whole line</lem>

<note>I cannot locate this line on my pictures.</note>

</app>

<lem>Ippaṭ<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>i</corr></choice></lem>

<rdg source="bib:SrinivasaRao1967_01">Ippaṭi</rdg>

</app>

</listApp>

</div>

Fortune! Prosperity!

<supplied reason="subaudible">This is the</supplied> 13th year of Kōpparakesarivarman.

<supplied reason="subaudible">We</supplied> the Śivabrāhmaṇars of big Vāṉavaṉ-mahādevi-caturvedimaṅgalam, a <foreign>brahmadeya</foreign> of the northern bank, we, including Kāśyavaṉ Kuṉṟaṉ Ciṅkapaṭṭaṉ and Bhāradvāci Koṟṟaṉ Tiruvaraṅkapaṭṭaṉ, having undertaken for Araiyaṉ Caṅkaranārāyaṇaṉ alias Cōḻamuttaraiyar, having granted the document, we gave in this manner.

In the order which made the endowment <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nivantam</foreign></supplied> in the land under <supplied reason="subaudible">the irrigation of</supplied> the Vaṭakūṭi lake for the lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>āḷvarkku</foreign></supplied> of the Śrī Kayilāyam, built <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eṭupitta</foreign></supplied> by him <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ivar</foreign></supplied> of this village, having taken our land, as long as the sun and the moon endure, we will have to make the endowment; the lands <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>puṟam</foreign></supplied> for the temple expenses <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tiruccenṉaṭai</foreign></supplied>, the <foreign>ghee</foreign> food offerings, the vegetable food offerings, the curd food offerings, the arecanut food offerings, the making of the big holy food offerings for the gracious holy bath on the month of Vaikāci Vicākam for two <foreign>viṣu</foreign> and for two <foreign>ayaṉa</foreign> Sankirāntis, the holy smoke, the holy sandal paste, for a <foreign>nāḻi</foreign> of oil daily for a holy lamp; for all this <supplied reason="subaudible">we</supplied> gave, having taken the land; the forty-eight thousand Panmāheśvaras, as supervisers <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kaṇkāṇiyāka</foreign></supplied>, will have to perform.

If the holy food offerings, for one day, are hindered, a fine of one <foreign>kalam</foreign> of paddy will fall.

If the endowment is hindered besides <supplied reason="subaudible">this</supplied>, it will have to be done, having beaten the drum <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>iraṭṭi</foreign></supplied> for the order.

If the supervision committee <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>vāriyam</foreign></supplied> deviates from all these, two <foreign>kaḻañcu</foreign>s of gold for the Lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>perumakkaḷukku</foreign></supplied> will have to be collected.

In this manner, having undertaken <supplied reason="subaudible">the endowment</supplied>, we gave the document <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kaittīṭṭu</foreign></supplied> for Cōḻamuttaraiyar, we, having stood before, having made the service in this temple beside us, Kuṉṟaṉ Ciṅkapaṉ and Kōṟṟaṉ Tiru Araṅkaṉ; if this service is not accomplished this fine will have to fall; having granted, we gave, we of those. I have written for the need of those, I, Kāśyavaṉ Śrī<foreign> </foreign>Kaṇṭan Tāmotirapaṭṭan, of the <foreign>brahmadeya</foreign> Variñciyūr of Aḷanāṭu of the southern bank of the Kāviri.

Those are my letters.

This service undertaken in this manner will have to be made; having granted, we gave, we of those, including Kā<foreign>śya</foreign>vaṉ Kuṉṟaṉ Ciṅkapaṭṭaṉ and Bhāradvāci Kōṟṟaṉ Tiruvaraṅkkaṉ. I have written with the support <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tāṅkiṉāl</foreign>?</supplied> of Kammāḷ <supplied reason="explanation">?</supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">among</supplied> them, having granted, I gave, I, Kuṉṟaṉ Ciṅkapaṭṭaṉ.

Those are my letters.

This is under the protection of the Panmāheśvaras.

</div>

Reported in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1928-1929"/></bibl> (ARIE/1928-1929/B/1928-1929/157).

Edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:SrinivasaRao1967_01"/></bibl> (<ref target="DHARMA_INSSIIv19p0i0331">SII 19.331</ref>). Edited and translated in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Gillet2023_01"/></bibl>, based on autopsy and photographs (<ref target="https://didomena.ehess.fr/concern/data_sets/****">by Valérie Gillet, 2018</ref>).

This revised edition and translation by Valérie Gillet and Emmanuel Francis. Letters legible in SII 19.331 are marked here unclear but not recorded in the apparatus.

</bibl>

</bibl>

</listBibl>

<bibl>

</bibl>

</listBibl>

</div>

</body>

</text>

</TEI>