Pirāṉmalai, Maṅkai Pākar temple, no king, Śaka year 1500

Authors of digital edition: G. Vijayavenugopal (vija), Emmanuel Francis (emfr).

Palaeographic description: No distinction between e and ē, nor between o and ō.

Languages: Sanskrit (san) [Grantha (grantha)], Tamil (tam) [Grantha (grantha), Tamil (tamil)].

Repository: Tamil Nadu (varia) (tfa-tamilnadu-epigraphy).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSTamilNadu00450.

File path: DHARMA_INSTamilNadu00450.xml.

Version: 2026-11-14 18:01 (dea0bb1), last modified 2026-09-29 11:10 (5251b7d).

Edition

⟨1⟩ Etat· trailokya-nirmmāṇa-trāṇa-saṁhāra-kāraṇam· śāsanam· cāśvatam· śambho⟨ḥ⟩ kaṭhoragiri-vāsina⟨ḥ⟩
⟨1⟩ svasti śakāt=tam 1000 5 100 ṉ mēl cellā niṉṟa vipava ௵ tai ௴ 10 5 ௳
⟨2⟩ kiraṇa-puṇṇiya-kālattiṟ rāyar-uṭaiya kāriya-kaṟtar-āna Ēppuli nāyak=karōm tiru-malai-nāṭṭu tiru-k-koṭuṅ-kuṉṟattu nalla-maṅkai pāka-cuvāmikku-t tiru-p-paṇi-
⟨3⟩ -p-puṟam tiru-p-paṇi naṭantu vara tārā pūṟuvam paṇṇi-k koṭutta kiṟāmam cōḻaṉ vaḷa-nāṭu cēnta-mēlūr puravu pēr Ellai y-āvatu kīḻ-pāṟk’ ellai tiru-meññāṉi
⟨4⟩ puravu cēnta cevvaikkum civa-p-pirāṉ [****] l Ēmpalukku mēṟku teṉ-pāṟk’ ellai tiru-k-kōṭṭiyūr puravu cēnta cevvaikkum paramanērikku kīḻ cēnta-maṅkala-p-puravu cē-
⟨5⟩ nta cevukkum kiṟāma-vayalukkum vaṭakku meṟ-pāṟk’ ellai na [*] karai cēnta cūrai-k-kuṭi-p-puravukku kiḻa [**] vaṭa-pāṟk’ ellai vikkiṟama-nallūr-āṉa muṟaiyiṟ puravu cēnta [****] teṟku
⟨6⟩ Āka Icainta peru nāṉk’ ellaikk’ Uḷ-paṭṭa puravil Uṭkiṭai teyva-tāyam tiru-muḷai-nayinār tāṉtōṇi-Īcura-teyva-tāyam tiru-muḷai Em [*****] ntam Ēmpa-
⟨7⟩ lum ciṟu-kumiḻ ēmpalum kīḻai yiḷavātta-k-kuṭi Ēmpalum mēlai yiḷavātta-k-kuṭi Ēmpalum Āṇṭi Ēmpalum kuṟuvaṉ ēri Ēmpalum kumatta-k-kuṭi Ēmpalum periya kumiḻi
⟨8⟩ Ēmpalun taṇṭuṇi Ēmpalum taṇṭu tāṉa Ēmpalum tampi Ēmpalum Āka-k kuṭi-k kāṭu Ēmpal paṉṉ-iraṇṭum Uṭkiṭai Ēmpa [*****] m cēnta pu-
⟨9⟩ ñcai puravum nīkki cokka-nārāyaṇa-p-perumāḷ tiru-viḷaiyāṭṭam caṭaiyaṉ ēmpalum kolli kuṭi Ēmpalum Atuṭaṉ cēnta puñcai puravum nīkki
⟨10⟩ maṟṟ’ uṇṭ-ākiya nilam mēlūr vayalum tiraṇi-vayalum nalla-maṅkai-vayalum karuvili-maṅkai-vayalum vēṭaṅkuṭi-vayalum
⟨11⟩ Ituṭaṉ cēnta nañcai puñcai māvaṭai maravaṭai nattam cey tiṭal mēṭu kīḻ nōkkiya kiṇaṟum mēl nōkki-
⟨12⟩ ya maramum nidhi-nikṣepaṅkaḷum jala-pāṣāṇa-viniyōga-cuvantiraṅkaḷum maṅkai-nāyaka-cuvāmi teyva-tāyam can=tirātit=ta varaikkum
⟨13⟩ tiru-p-paṇi [*****] naṭappittu koḷvar ākavum Ip-paṭi taṉma-cātaṉa-p-paṭṭaiyam koṭuttōm maṅkai-nāyaka-cuvāmikku Ēppuli nāyakkarōm It-taṉmam yātām oru-
⟨14⟩ vaṉ paripālaṉam paṇṇinavarkaḷ ceytāṉ ceytāṉ Aṟaṅ kātāṉ pātan tiṟampāmaṟ ceṉṉiyiṉ mēl vaittu Inta taṉmattukku Akitam paṇṇinavarkaḷ
⟨15⟩ keṅkai karaiyilē kār-ām-pacuvaiyum mātā-pitāvaiyum koṉṟa tōṣattilē pōvār ākavum It-taṉma-cātaṉa-p-paṭṭaiyam Eḻuti kallilum cempilum
⟨16⟩ veṭṭivicci-k koṭuttōm vāca [****] vaṇa-kumara-p-perumāḷ Eḻuttu ௳

1. Anuṣṭubh

⟨1⟩ Etat· trailokya-nirmmāṇa-

-trāṇa-saṁhāra-kāraṇam·

śāsanam· cāśvatam· śambho⟨ḥ⟩

kaṭhoragiri-vāsina⟨ḥ⟩

⟨1⟩ svasti

śakāt=tam 1000 5 100 ṉ mēl cellā niṉṟa vipava ௵ tai ௴ 10 5 ௳

⟨2⟩ kiraṇa-puṇṇiya-kālattiṟ rāyar-uṭaiya kāriya-kaṟtar-āna Ēppuli nāyak=karōm tiru-malai-nāṭṭu tiru-k-koṭuṅ-kuṉṟattu nalla-maṅkai pāka-cuvāmikku-t tiru-p-paṇi⟨3⟩-p-puṟam tiru-p-paṇi naṭantu vara tārā pūṟuvam paṇṇi-k koṭutta kiṟāmam cōḻaṉ vaḷa-nāṭu cēnta-mēlūr puravu pēr Ellai y-āvatu

kīḻ-pāṟk’ ellai tiru-meññāṉi ⟨4⟩ puravu cēnta cevvaikkum civa-p-pirāṉ [ca. 4+] l Ēmpalukku mēṟku
teṉ-pāṟk’ ellai tiru-k-kōṭṭiyūr puravu cēnta cevvaikkum paramanērikku kīḻ cēnta-maṅkala-p-puravu cē⟨5⟩nta cevukkum kiṟāma-vayalukkum vaṭakku
meṟ-pāṟk’ ellai na [ca. 1+] karai cēnta cūrai-k-kuṭi-p-puravukku kiḻa [ca. 2+]
vaṭa-pāṟk’ ellai vikkiṟama-nallūr-āṉa muṟaiyiṟ puravu cēnta [ca. 4+] teṟku ⟨6⟩ Āka

Icainta peru nāṉk’ ellaikk’ Uḷ-paṭṭa puravil Uṭkiṭai teyva-tāyam tiru-muḷai-nayinār tāṉtōṇi-Īcura-teyva-tāyam tiru-muḷai Em [ca. 5+] ntam Ēmpa⟨7⟩lum ciṟu-kumiḻ ēmpalum kīḻai yiḷavātta-k-kuṭi Ēmpalum mēlai yiḷavātta-k-kuṭi Ēmpalum Āṇṭi Ēmpalum kuṟuvaṉ ēri Ēmpalum kumatta-k-kuṭi Ēmpalum periya kumiḻi ⟨8⟩ Ēmpalun taṇṭuṇi Ēmpalum taṇṭu tāṉa Ēmpalum tampi Ēmpalum Āka-k kuṭi-k kāṭu Ēmpal paṉṉ-iraṇṭum Uṭkiṭai Ēmpa [ca. 5+] m cēnta pu⟨9⟩ñcai puravum nīkki cokka-nārāyaṇa-p-perumāḷ tiru-viḷaiyāṭṭam caṭaiyaṉ ēmpalum kolli kuṭi Ēmpalum Atuṭaṉ cēnta puñcai puravum nīkki ⟨10⟩ maṟṟ’ uṇṭ-ākiya nilam mēlūr vayalum tiraṇi-vayalum nalla-maṅkai-vayalum karuvili-maṅkai-vayalum vēṭaṅkuṭi-vayalum ⟨11⟩ Ituṭaṉ cēnta nañcai puñcai māvaṭai maravaṭai nattam cey tiṭal mēṭu kīḻ nōkkiya kiṇaṟum mēl nōkki⟨12⟩ya maramum nidhi-nikṣepaṅkaḷum jala-pāṣāṇa-viniyōga-cuvantiraṅkaḷum maṅkai-nāyaka-cuvāmi teyva-tāyam can=tirātit=ta varaikkum ⟨13⟩ tiru-p-paṇi [ca. 5+] naṭappittu koḷvar ākavum

Ip-paṭi taṉma-cātaṉa-p-paṭṭaiyam koṭuttōm maṅkai-nāyaka-cuvāmikku Ēppuli nāyakkarōm

It-taṉmam yātām oru⟨14⟩vaṉ paripālaṉam paṇṇinavarkaḷ ceytāṉ ceytāṉ Aṟaṅ kātāṉ pātan tiṟampāmaṟ ceṉṉiyiṉ mēl vaittu

Inta taṉmattukku Akitam paṇṇinavarkaḷ ⟨15⟩ keṅkai karaiyilē kār-ām-pacuvaiyum mātā-pitāvaiyum koṉṟa tōṣattilē pōvār ākavum

It-taṉma-cātaṉa-p-paṭṭaiyam Eḻuti kallilum cempilum ⟨16⟩ veṭṭivicci-k koṭuttōm

vāca [ca. 4+] vaṇa-kumara-p-perumāḷ Eḻuttu ௳

1. Anuṣṭubh

⟨1⟩ Etat· trailokya-nirmmāṇa-

-trāṇa-saṁhāra-kāraṇam·

śāsanam· cāśvatam· śambho⟨ḥ⟩

kaṭhoragiri-vāsina⟨ḥ⟩

⟨1⟩ svasti

śakāt=tam 1000 5 100 ṉ mēl cellā niṉṟa vipava ௵ tai ௴ 10 5 ௳

kīḻ-pāṟk’ ellai tiru-meññāṉi ⟨4⟩ puravu cēnta cevvaikkum civa-p-pirāṉ [ca. 4+] l Ēmpalukku mēṟku
teṉ-pāṟk’ ellai tiru-k-kōṭṭiyūr puravu cēnta cevvaikkum paramanērikku kīḻ cēnta-maṅkala-p-puravu cē⟨5⟩nta cevukkum kiṟāma-vayalukkum vaṭakku
meṟ-pāṟk’ ellai na [ca. 1+] karai cēnta cūrai-k-kuṭi-p-puravukku kiḻa [ca. 2+]
vaṭa-pāṟk’ ellai vikkiṟama-nallūr-āṉa muṟaiyiṟ puravu cēnta [ca. 4+] teṟku ⟨6⟩ Āka

Ip-paṭi taṉma-cātaṉa-p-paṭṭaiyam koṭuttōm maṅkai-nāyaka-cuvāmikku Ēppuli nāyakkarōm

It-taṉmam yātām oru⟨14⟩vaṉ paripālaṉam paṇṇinavarkaḷ ceytāṉ ceytāṉ Aṟaṅ kātāṉ pātan tiṟampāmaṟ ceṉṉiyiṉ mēl vaittu

Inta taṉmattukku Akitam paṇṇinavarkaḷ ⟨15⟩ keṅkai karaiyilē kār-ām-pacuvaiyum mātā-pitāvaiyum koṉṟa tōṣattilē pōvār ākavum

It-taṉma-cātaṉa-p-paṭṭaiyam Eḻuti kallilum cempilum ⟨16⟩ veṭṭivicci-k koṭuttōm

vāca [ca. 4+] vaṇa-kumara-p-perumāḷ Eḻuttu ௳

Translation

This is an eternal order

of Śambhu who resides in Kaṭhogiri

and is the cause of creation, preservation,

and destruction of the triple world

⟨1⟩ Prosperity!

⟨1⟩ Vipava¹ year, Tai month, date 15, which was current upon Śaka year 1500.

⟨2–6⟩ The great boundaries of the tax-free gift-land (puravu) in Cēntamēlūr in the Cōḻaṉ Vaḷanāṭu, a village, which, We, Ēppuli Nāyaka, alias ... have given ... are ⟨as follows⟩:

the western boundary is to the west of the hamlet (ēmpal) ...;
the southern boundary is to the north of ...;
the western boundary is to the east of ...;
the northern boundary is to the south of ...

⟨6–13⟩ In the tax-free gift-land comprised between the four boundaries so described, so that there be (āka) ... excluding ... excluding ... the land ⟨thus obtained⟩ ... ⟨including⟩ wet-land (nañcai), dry land (puñcai), ..., wells, trees, ... should be obtained ... as long as the moon and and the sun as teyvatāyam ⟨of⟩ Maṅkai Nāyaka Svāmi.

⟨13⟩ In this manner, We, Ēppuli Nāyaka, we have given this ... to/for Maṅkai Nāyaka Svāmi.

⟨13–14⟩ Whoever protect this pious act ... his feet are kept on my head.

⟨14–15⟩ He who does harm to this pious act should enter the sin of killing ... on the banks of the Ganges.

⟨15–16⟩ Having this ... written and having it engraved on stone and copper, we have given.

⟨16⟩ Signature of Vāca[…]vaṇa Kumara Perumāḷ

Commentary

The line 1 is now almost entirely lost.

Bibliography

Reported in ARIE 1903–04 (ARIE/1903-1904/A/1903/153).

Edited in Subrahmanya Aiyer 1937 (SII 8.441), Vijayavenugopal 2022 (Pirāṉmalai 50), with photos.

This edition by G. Vijayavenugopal (2022). Reviewed by Emmanuel Francis (2024), based on photos (N. Ramaswamy). Portions now lost or illegible after Subrahmanya Aiyer 1937.

Primary

[SII] Subrahmanya Aiyer, K.V. 1937. South-Indian inscriptions (texts). Volume VIII: Miscellaneous inscriptions from the Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu and Kannada countries. South Indian Inscriptions 7. Delhi: Archaeological survey of India (Manager of Publications). Item 441, page 231.

[V] Vijayavenugopal, G. 2022. Pirāṉmalai (Tirukkoṭuṅkuṉṟam) kalveṭṭukaḷ. Maturai: Pāṇṭiya nāṭṭu varalāṟṟu āyvu maiyam. [URL]. Item 50, pages 119–120.

Secondary

ARIE 1903–04. G.O., etc., Nos. 678, 679, 12th August 1904. Epigraphy. Passing orders on the annual report on – for 1903-1904. Copy to the Government of India, Department of Revenue and Agriculture. Edited by V. Venkayya. Madras: Government of Madras, Public Department, 1904. Page 19, appendix A/1903, item 153.

Notes

1. Sanskrit Vibhava

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<lb n="2"/>kiraṇa-puṇṇiya-kālattiṟ rāyar-uṭaiya kāriya-kaṟtar-āna Ēppuli nāyak=karōm tiru-malai-nāṭṭu tiru-k-koṭuṅ-kuṉṟattu nalla-maṅkai pāka-cuvāmikku-t tiru-p-paṇi

<lb n="3" break="no"/>-p-puṟam tiru-p-paṇi naṭantu vara tārā pūṟuvam paṇṇi-k koṭutta kiṟāmam cōḻaṉ vaḷa-nāṭu cēnta-mēlūr puravu pēr Ellai y-āvatu

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<item>kīḻ-pāṟk' ellai tiru-meññāṉi

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Icainta peru nāṉk' ellaikk' Uḷ-paṭṭa puravil Uṭkiṭai teyva-tāyam tiru-muḷai-nayinār tāṉtōṇi-Īcura-teyva-tāyam tiru-muḷai Em <gap reason="lost" quantity="5" unit="character" precision="low"/> ntam Ēmpa

<lb n="7" break="no"/>lum ciṟu-kumiḻ ēmpalum kīḻai yiḷavātta-k-kuṭi Ēmpalum mēlai yiḷavātta-k-kuṭi Ēmpalum Āṇṭi Ēmpalum kuṟuvaṉ ēri Ēmpalum kumatta-k-kuṭi Ēmpalum periya kumiḻi

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Ip-paṭi taṉma-cātaṉa-p-paṭṭaiyam koṭuttōm maṅkai-nāyaka-cuvāmikku Ēppuli nāyakkarōm

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It-taṉmam yātām oru

<lb n="14" break="no"/>vaṉ paripālaṉam paṇṇinavarkaḷ ceytāṉ ceytāṉ Aṟaṅ kātāṉ pātan tiṟampāmaṟ ceṉṉiyiṉ mēl vaittu

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Inta taṉmattukku Akitam paṇṇinavarkaḷ

<lb n="15"/>keṅkai karaiyilē kār-ām-pacuvaiyum mātā-pitāvaiyum koṉṟa tōṣattilē pōvār ākavum

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It-taṉma-cātaṉa-p-paṭṭaiyam Eḻuti kallilum cempilum

<lb n="16"/>veṭṭivicci-k koṭuttōm

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<l>This is an eternal order</l>

<l>of Śambhu who resides in Kaṭhogiri</l>

<l>and is the cause of creation, preservation,</l>

<l>and destruction of the triple world </l>

</p>

Prosperity!

</p>

Vipava<note>Sanskrit Vibhava</note> year, Tai month, date 15, which was current upon Śaka year 1500.

</p>

The great boundaries of the tax-free gift-land <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>puravu</foreign></supplied> in Cēntamēlūr in the Cōḻaṉ Vaḷanāṭu, a village, which, We, Ēppuli Nāyaka, <hi rend="grantha">alias</hi>

...

have given

...

are <supplied reason="subaudible">as follows</supplied>:

<list>

<item>the western boundary is to the west of the hamlet <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ēmpal</foreign></supplied> ...;</item>

<item>the southern boundary is to the north of ...;</item>

<item>the western boundary is to the east of ...;</item>

<item>the northern boundary is to the south of ...</item>

</list>

</p>

In the tax-free gift-land comprised between the four boundaries so described,

so that there be <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>āka</foreign></supplied>

...

excluding ...

the land <supplied reason="subaudible">thus obtained</supplied>

...

<supplied reason="subaudible">including</supplied>

wet-land <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nañcai</foreign></supplied>, dry land <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>puñcai</foreign></supplied>, ..., wells, trees, ...

should be obtained

...

as long as the moon and and the sun

as <foreign>teyvatāyam</foreign> <supplied reason="subaudible">of</supplied> Maṅkai Nāyaka Svāmi.

</p>

In this manner, We, Ēppuli Nāyaka, we have given this ... to/for Maṅkai Nāyaka Svāmi.

</p>

Whoever protect this pious act

...

his feet are kept on my head.

</p>

He who does harm to this pious act should enter the sin of killing ... on the banks of the Ganges.

</p>

Having this ... written and having it engraved on stone and copper, we have given.

</p>

<p n="16">Signature of Vāca<gap reason="lost"/>vaṇa Kumara Perumāḷ</p>

</div>

<p>The line 1 is now almost entirely lost.</p>

</div>

<p>Reported in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1903-1904"/></bibl> (ARIE/1903-1904/A/1903/153).</p>

<p>Edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1937_01"/></bibl> (SII 8.441), <bibl><ptr target="bib:Vijayavenugopal2022_01"/></bibl> (Pirāṉmalai 50), with photos.</p>

<p>This edition by G. Vijayavenugopal (2022). Reviewed by Emmanuel Francis (2024), based on photos (N. Ramaswamy). Portions now lost or illegible after <bibl><ptr target="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1937_01"/></bibl>.</p>

</bibl>

</bibl>

</listBibl>

<bibl>

</bibl>

</listBibl>

</div>

</body>

</text>

</TEI>