Nākappaṭṭiṉam, Kāyārōkaṇam temple, time of Rājendra Cōḻa, year 7

Author of digital edition: Emmanuel Francis (emfr).

Summary: Donation of gold, including Chinese gold (cinakkanakam) by an officer (kaṉmi) of the king of Kiṭāram, named Agralēkai alias Kuruttaṉ Kēcuvaṉ, for offering rituals (avipali arccaṉai) to the Ardhanāri that he had installed in the Tirukkārōṇam temple in Nākapaṭṭiṉam.

Language: Tamil (tam) [Grantha (grantha), Tamil (tamil)].

Repository: Tamil Nadu (varia) (tfa-tamilnadu-epigraphy).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSTamilNadu00167.

File path: DHARMA_INSTamilNadu00167.xml.

Version: 2026-08-14 13:24 (69e3379), last modified 2026-07-17 15:32 (b80acdf).

Edition

Part A

⟨A1⟩ svasti śrī
⟨A2⟩ tirumaṉni varai Iru-nila-maṭaṉtai
⟨A3⟩ pōr [******************]
⟨A4⟩ perun-tēviyār āki y-iṉpuṟa neṭutiyal ūḻi
⟨A5⟩ ṭai-tuṟai [******] vēlippaṭar vaṉa
⟨A6⟩ vāciyu [******] ḷḷi [******] ḷḷi-p-pākkai
⟨A7⟩ [******] ṉai-k-kaṭakkamum
⟨A8⟩ [******] māṅkavar tēvi
⟨A9⟩ [******] muṉnavar pakkal ⌈
⟨A10⟩ [******] vaitta cuntara-muṭiyum In=ti
⟨A11⟩ [******] rai Īḻa-maṇṭalamumu [******]
⟨A12⟩ [1 lost line]
⟨A13⟩ [1 lost line]
⟨A14⟩ [1 lost line]
⟨A15⟩ taṇṭāṟ koṇṭu laṅkē
⟨A16⟩ [******] ṟaiñca Initaṅ tirun=ta kō-p-para-kēca-
⟨A17⟩ ri-paṉmar-āṉa śrī-rājentira-cōḻa-tēvaṟku yāṇṭu (7)
⟨A18⟩ Āvatu kṣatriya-cikāmaṇi-vaḷanāṭṭu paṭ-
⟨A19⟩ ṭiṉa-k-kūṟ(ṟa)ttu nāka-paṭṭiṉaṭṭu tiru-k-kārōṇa-
⟨A20⟩ (m-u)ṭaiya mahā-devar kōyilil kiṭāratt’ araiyar kanmi
⟨A21⟩ śrī-kuruttaṉ kēcuvaṉ{n}-āṉa Agralēkai Eḻunt-aru-
⟨A22⟩ ḷuvitta Arttanārikaḷukku Avi-bali-Arccaṉaikku
⟨A23⟩ Eṉṟu mēṟpaṭiyāṉ vara-k-kāṭṭiṉa cīna-k-kanakam E-
⟨A24⟩ ṇpatt’ ēḻu kaḻañcē mukkālum mēṟpaṭiyā(ṉ)
⟨A25⟩ It-tēvar kōyilil Uttamākram Iraṇṭu kala-
⟨A26⟩ m uṇṇa pōkattukku Eṉṟu vara-k-kāṭṭiṉa cī-
⟨A27⟩ ṉa-k-kaṉakam eṇpatt’ ēḻu kaḻañcē mukkālum
⟨A28⟩ mēṟpaṭiyāṉ tēvarkkum bramaṇarkkum
⟨A29⟩ [*****] tayiru [******] Eṉṟu vara-k-ḵāṭṭiṉa Untikai poṉ
⟨A30⟩ (A)ru-patiṉ kaḻañcē mukkālum Āka Ip-poṉ
⟨A31⟩ Iru-nūṟṟu muppatt’ aṟu kaḻañcē kālum tiru-k-
⟨A32⟩ -kārōṇām-uṭaiyārkku vēṇṭum tiru-v-apara-
⟨A33⟩ ṇam Uḷliṭṭaṉa ceyya-k koṇṭu It-tēvar
⟨A34⟩ paṇṭārattai [*******]

Part B

⟨B1⟩ rikaḷukku tiru-v-amit’ arici pōtu Iru-nāḻi-y-ā(ka)
⟨B2⟩ Arici Aṟu nāḻikai Añc’ iraṇṭu vaṇ(ṇa)-
⟨B3⟩ m nellu kuṟuṇi Ēḻu nāḻiyum ney-y-a(mu)-
⟨B4⟩ tu Āḻākkiṉukku nellu nā-nāḻiyum-āka (pō)-
⟨B5⟩ (tu) mūṉṟ’ irukku nellu [******] nāḻiyum ta(yi)-
⟨B6⟩ r-amutu nāḻiyum [******] nāḻiyu [******] yu
⟨B7⟩ Aṭai-k-kāy [******] pātiri [******]

Part A

⟨A1⟩ svasti śrī

⟨A2⟩ tirumaṉni varai Iru-nila-maṭaṉtai ⟨A3⟩ pōr [18+] ⟨A4⟩ perun-tēviyār āki y-iṉpuṟa neṭutiyal ūḻi ⟨A5⟩ ṭai-tuṟai [6+] vēlippaṭar vaṉa ⟨A6⟩ vāciyu [6+] ḷḷi [6+] ḷḷi-p-pākkai ⟨A7⟩ [6+] ṉai-k-kaṭakkamum ⟨A8⟩ [6+] māṅkavar tēvi ⟨A9⟩ [6+] muṉnavar pakkal ⌈ ⟨A10⟩ [6+] vaitta cuntara-muṭiyum In=ti ⟨A11⟩ [6+] rai Īḻa-maṇṭalamumu [6+] ⟨A12⟩ [1 lost line] ⟨A13⟩ [1 lost line] ⟨A14⟩ [1 lost line] ⟨A15⟩ taṇṭāṟ koṇṭu laṅkē ⟨A16⟩ [6+] ṟaiñca Initaṅ tirun=ta

kō-p-para-kēca⟨A17⟩ri-paṉmar-āṉa śrī-rājentira-cōḻa-tēvaṟku yāṇṭu (7) ⟨A18⟩ Āvatu

kṣatriya-cikāmaṇi-vaḷanāṭṭu paṭ⟨A19⟩ṭiṉa-k-kūṟ(ṟa)ttu nāka-paṭṭiṉaṭṭu tiru-k-kārōṇa⟨A20⟩(m-u)ṭaiya mahā-devar kōyilil

kiṭāratt’ araiyar kanmi ⟨A21⟩ śrī-kuruttaṉ kēcuvaṉ-āṉa Agralēkai Eḻunt-aru⟨A22⟩ḷuvitta Arttanārikaḷukku Avi-bali-Arccaṉaikku ⟨A23⟩ Eṉṟu mēṟpaṭiyāṉ vara-k-kāṭṭiṉa cīna-k-kanakam E⟨A24⟩ṇpatt’ ēḻu kaḻañcē mukkālum
mēṟpaṭiyā(ṉ) ⟨A25⟩ It-tēvar kōyilil Uttamākram Iraṇṭu kala⟨A26⟩m uṇṇa pōkattukku Eṉṟu vara-k-kāṭṭiṉa cī⟨A27⟩ṉa-k-kaṉakam eṇpatt’ ēḻu kaḻañcē mukkālum
⟨A28⟩ mēṟpaṭiyāṉ tēvarkkum bramaṇarkkum ⟨A29⟩ [5+] tayiru [6+] Eṉṟu vara-k-ḵāṭṭiṉa Untikai poṉ ⟨A30⟩ (A)ru-patiṉ kaḻañcē mukkālum

Āka Ip-poṉ ⟨A31⟩ Iru-nūṟṟu muppatt’ aṟu kaḻañcē kālum

tiru-k⟨A32⟩-kārōṇām-uṭaiyārkku vēṇṭum tiru-v-apara⟨A33⟩ṇam Uḷliṭṭaṉa ceyya-k koṇṭu It-tēvar ⟨A34⟩ paṇṭārattai [7+]

Part B

⟨B1⟩ rikaḷukku tiru-v-amit’ arici pōtu Iru-nāḻi-y-ā(ka) ⟨B2⟩ Arici Aṟu nāḻikai Añc’ iraṇṭu vaṇ(ṇa)⟨B3⟩m nellu kuṟuṇi Ēḻu nāḻiyum ney-y-a(mu)⟨B4⟩tu Āḻākkiṉukku nellu nā-nāḻiyum-āka (pō)⟨B5⟩(tu) mūṉṟ’ irukku nellu [6+] nāḻiyum ta(yi)⟨B6⟩r-amutu nāḻiyum [6+] nāḻiyu [6+] yu ⟨B7⟩ Aṭai-k-kāy [6+] pātiri [6+]

Part A

⟨A1⟩ svasti śrī

kō-p-para-kēca⟨A17⟩ri-paṉmar-āṉa śrī-rājentira-cōḻa-tēvaṟku yāṇṭu (7) ⟨A18⟩ Āvatu

kṣatriya-cikāmaṇi-vaḷanāṭṭu paṭ⟨A19⟩ṭiṉa-k-kūṟ(ṟa)ttu nāka-paṭṭiṉaṭṭu tiru-k-kārōṇa⟨A20⟩(m-u)ṭaiya mahā-devar kōyilil

kiṭāratt’ araiyar kanmi ⟨A21⟩ śrī-kuruttaṉ kēcuvaṉ{n}-āṉa Agralēkai Eḻunt-aru⟨A22⟩ḷuvitta Arttanārikaḷukku Avi-bali-Arccaṉaikku ⟨A23⟩ Eṉṟu mēṟpaṭiyāṉ vara-k-kāṭṭiṉa cīna-k-kanakam E⟨A24⟩ṇpatt’ ēḻu kaḻañcē mukkālum
mēṟpaṭiyā(ṉ) ⟨A25⟩ It-tēvar kōyilil Uttamākram Iraṇṭu kala⟨A26⟩m uṇṇa pōkattukku Eṉṟu vara-k-kāṭṭiṉa cī⟨A27⟩ṉa-k-kaṉakam eṇpatt’ ēḻu kaḻañcē mukkālum
⟨A28⟩ mēṟpaṭiyāṉ tēvarkkum bramaṇarkkum ⟨A29⟩ [5+] tayiru [6+] Eṉṟu vara-k-ḵāṭṭiṉa Untikai poṉ ⟨A30⟩ (A)ru-patiṉ kaḻañcē mukkālum

Āka Ip-poṉ ⟨A31⟩ Iru-nūṟṟu muppatt’ aṟu kaḻañcē kālum

tiru-k⟨A32⟩-kārōṇām-uṭaiyārkku vēṇṭum tiru-v-apara⟨A33⟩ṇam Uḷliṭṭaṉa ceyya-k koṇṭu It-tēvar ⟨A34⟩ paṇṭārattai [7+]

Part B

Apparatus

⟨16⟩ kōpparakēca⟨17⟩ripaṉmarāṉa śrīrājentiracōḻatēvaṟku K ⬦ kōpparakēcari⟨17⟩panmarā¡n!⟨ṉ⟩a śrīrājen¡t!⟨d⟩racōḻadevaṟku NK.

⟨17⟩ yāṇṭu (7) ⟨18⟩ Āvatu K ⬦ yāṇṭu ⟨18⟩ (Ē)ḻāvatu NK.

⟨18⟩ °cikāmaṇi° K ⬦ °śikhāmaṇi° NK.

⟨19⟩ tirukkārōṇa⟨20⟩(mu)ṭaiya ⬦ tirukkārōṇa⟨20⟩[2+] ṭaiya K; tirukkārōṇamu⟨20⟩ṭaiya NK.

⟨21⟩ śrī kuruttaṉ K ⬦ [6+] kuruttaṉ NK. — ⟨21⟩ Eḻunt-aru ⟨22⟩ ḷuvitta K ⬦ [6+] mu ⟨22⟩ [6+] NK.

⟨22⟩ Arttanārikaḷukku K ⬦ Ardhanārikaḷukku NK. — ⟨22⟩ Avibali Arccaṉaikku K ⬦ Avipaliyu NK.

⟨23⟩ Eṉṟu mēṟpaṭiyāṉ varakkāṭṭiṉa K ⬦ [6+] varak kāṭṭiṉa NK. — ⟨23⟩ E⟨24⟩ṇpattēḻu K ⬦ ⟨24⟩ Eṇpattēḻu NK.

⟨24⟩ mēṟpaṭiyā(ṉ) K ⬦ mēṟpaṭi NK.

⟨25⟩ Ittēvar kōyilil Uttamākram Iraṇṭu kala K ⬦ Ardhanāritēvar kōyilil Uttamāgram Iraṇṭu kala NK.

Translation

Part A

⟨1⟩ Prosperity! Fortune!

⟨16–18⟩ Seventh year of the glorious king Rajendra Cōḻa alias the king Parakesarivarman,

⟨2–16⟩ who … [meykkīrtti of Rājendra I Coḻa]

⟨18–31⟩ In the temple of Mahādeva, Lord of the glorious Kārōṇam, in Nākappaṭṭiṉam in the Pāṭṭiṉakkūṟṟam in the Kṣatriya-śikhāmaṇi-vaḷanāṭu, so that there be (āka)

for the avipali¹ arcanā² of the Ardhanāri that Agralēkai³ alias the glorious Kuruttaṉ Kēcuvaṉ, the officer of the king of Kiṭāram, had installed, eighty seven kaḻañcus three quarters of Chinese gold (cīna-k-kanakam) that the above-mentioned has sent/offered
for ... eighty seven kaḻañcus three quarters of Chinese gold (cīna-k-kanakam)
for ... sixty seven kaḻañcus three quarters of uṇṭikai gold

this gold amounts to two hundred thirty-six kaḻañcus three quarters.

⟨31–34⟩ ...

Part B

⟨1–6⟩ so that there be two nāḻis at the time of therice food-offering [for Ardhanā]ri …

Bibliography

Reported in ARIE 1956–57 (ARIE/1956-1957/B/1956-1957/166).

Edited in Mārkciya Kānti & Irācakōpal 2007, with facsimile (part A = 25 lines). Edited (with many variants) and translated in Karashima & Subbarayalu 2009 (pp. 277-278) (part A = 34 lines; no part B).

This digital edition by Emmanuel Francis, based on Mārkciya Kānti & Irācakōpal 2007 and Karashima & Subbarayalu 2009. The extent of lacunae in Mārkciya Kānti & Irācakōpal 2007 is very approximate. The distinction between initial and medial vowels, and between Grantha and Tamil letters could not be implemented with full confidence. The present digital edition is thus provisional and should be revised with proper visual documentation.

ASI estampage and transcript yet to be consulted.

Primary

[NK] Mārkciya Kānti, Nā. & Cu. Irācakōpal. 2007. Nākappaṭṭiṉa māvaṭṭak kalveṭṭukal. Tamiḻnāṭṭu kalvetṭukaḷ 29. Ceṉṉai: Tamiḻnāṭu Aracu Tolporuḷ Āyvuttuṟai. Pages 230–231, item 33/1998.

[K] Karashima, Noboru & Y. Subbarayalu. 2009. “Ancient and medieval Tamil and Sanskrit inscriptions relating to Southeast Asia and China.” In: Nagapattinam to Suvarnadwipa: reflections on Chola naval expeditions to Southeast Asia. Edited by Hermann Kulke, K. Kesavapany & Vijay Sakhuja. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, pp. 271–291.

Secondary

ARIE 1956–57. Annual report on Indian epigraphy for 1956-57. Edited by B.C. Chandra. New Delhi: Manager of Publications (Department of Archaeology), 1957. Page 59, appendixes B/1956-1957, item 164.

Notes

1. Sanskrit havirbali.
2. Sanskrit arcanā.
3. Sanskrit Agralekhai.

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<summary>Donation of gold, including Chinese gold (<foreign>cinakkanakam</foreign>) by an officer (<foreign>kaṉmi</foreign>) of the king of Kiṭāram, named Agralēkai alias Kuruttaṉ Kēcuvaṉ, for offering rituals (<foreign>avipali arccaṉai</foreign>) to the Ardhanāri that he had installed in the Tirukkārōṇam temple in Nākapaṭṭiṉam.</summary>

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kō-p-para-kēca

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<lb n="A20" break="no"/><supplied reason="explanation">m-u</supplied>ṭaiya <hi rend="grantha">mahā-de</hi>var kōyilil

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kiṭāratt' araiyar ka<hi rend="grantha">nmi</hi>

<lb n="A21"/><hi rend="grantha">śrī</hi>-kuruttaṉ kēcuvaṉ<surplus>n</surplus>-āṉa <hi rend="grantha">Agra</hi>lēkai Eḻunt-aru

<lb n="A22" break="no"/>ḷuvitta Arttanārikaḷukku Avi-<hi rend="grantha">ba</hi>li-Arccaṉaikku

<lb n="A23"/>Eṉṟu mēṟpaṭiyāṉ vara-k-kāṭṭiṉa cīna-k-kanakam E

<lb n="A24" break="no"/>ṇpatt' ēḻu kaḻañcē mukkālum

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mēṟpaṭiyā<unclear>ṉ</unclear>

<lb n="A25"/>It-tēvar kōyilil Uttamā<hi rend="grantha">kra</hi>m Iraṇṭu kala

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<lb n="A30"/><unclear>A</unclear>ru-patiṉ kaḻañcē mukkālum

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Āka

Ip-poṉ

<lb n="A31"/>Iru-nūṟṟu muppatt' aṟu kaḻañcē kālum

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tiru-k

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</app>

<lem source="bib:Karashima+Subbarayalu2009_01"> kōpparakēca

<lb n="17" break="no"/>ripaṉmarāṉa <hi rend="grantha">śrī</hi>rā<hi rend="grantha">je</hi>ntiracōḻatēvaṟku</lem>

kōpparakēcari

<lb n="17" break="no"/>pa<hi rend="grantha">nma</hi>rā<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice>a <hi rend="grantha">śrī</hi>rā<hi rend="grantha">jen<choice><orig>t</orig><reg>d</reg></choice>ra</hi>cōḻa<hi rend="grantha">de</hi>vaṟku</rdg>

</app>

<lem source="bib:Karashima+Subbarayalu2009_01">yāṇṭu <unclear>7</unclear>

<lb n="18"/>Āvatu</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Mārkciyakānti+al2007_01">yāṇṭu

<lb n="18"/><unclear>Ē</unclear>ḻāvatu</rdg>

</app>

<lem source="bib:Karashima+Subbarayalu2009_01">°cikāmaṇi°</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Mārkciyakānti+al2007_01">°<hi rend="grantha">śikhā</hi>maṇi°</rdg>

</app>

<lem>tirukkārōṇa

<lb n="20" break="no"/><supplied reason="explanation">mu</supplied>ṭaiya</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Karashima+Subbarayalu2009_01">tirukkārōṇa

<lb n="20" break="no"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/> ṭaiya</rdg>

<rdg source="bib:Mārkciyakānti+al2007_01">tirukkārōṇamu

<lb n="20" break="no"/>ṭaiya</rdg>

</app>

<lem source="bib:Karashima+Subbarayalu2009_01"><hi rend="grantha">śrī</hi> kuruttaṉ</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Mārkciyakānti+al2007_01"><gap reason="lost" quantity="6" unit="character"/> kuruttaṉ</rdg>

</app>

<lem source="bib:Karashima+Subbarayalu2009_01">Eḻunt-aru

<lb n="22"/>ḷuvitta</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Mārkciyakānti+al2007_01"><gap reason="lost" quantity="6" unit="character"/> mu

</rdg>

</app>

<lem source="bib:Karashima+Subbarayalu2009_01">Arttanārikaḷukku</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Mārkciyakānti+al2007_01"><hi rend="grantha">Ardha</hi>nārikaḷukku

</rdg>

</app>

<lem source="bib:Karashima+Subbarayalu2009_01">Avi<hi rend="grantha">ba</hi>li Arccaṉaikku</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Mārkciyakānti+al2007_01">Avipaliyu</rdg>

</app>

<lem source="bib:Karashima+Subbarayalu2009_01">Eṉṟu mēṟpaṭiyāṉ varakkāṭṭiṉa</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Mārkciyakānti+al2007_01"><gap reason="lost" quantity="6" unit="character"/> varak kāṭṭiṉa</rdg>

</app>

<lem source="bib:Karashima+Subbarayalu2009_01">E

<lb n="24" break="no"/>ṇpattēḻu</lem>

<lb n="24"/>Eṇpattēḻu</rdg>

</app>

<lem source="bib:Karashima+Subbarayalu2009_01">mēṟpaṭiyā<unclear>ṉ</unclear></lem>

<rdg source="bib:Mārkciyakānti+al2007_01">mēṟpaṭi</rdg>

</app>

<lem source="bib:Karashima+Subbarayalu2009_01">Ittēvar kōyilil Uttamā<hi rend="grantha">kra</hi>m Iraṇṭu kala</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Mārkciyakānti+al2007_01"><hi rend="grantha">Ardha</hi>nāritēvar kōyilil Uttamā<hi rend="grantha">gra</hi>m Iraṇṭu kala</rdg>

</app>

</listApp>

</div>

Prosperity! Fortune!

</p>

Seventh year of the glorious king Rajendra Cōḻa <hi rend="italic">alias</hi> the king Parakesarivarman,

</p>

who <gap reason="ellipsis"/> [<foreign>meykkīrtti</foreign> of Rājendra I Coḻa]

</p>

In the temple of Mahādeva, Lord of the glorious Kārōṇam, in Nākappaṭṭiṉam in the Pāṭṭiṉakkūṟṟam in the Kṣatriya-śikhāmaṇi-vaḷanāṭu,

so that there be <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>āka</foreign></supplied>

<list>

<item>for the <foreign>avipali</foreign><note>Sanskrit <foreign>havirbali</foreign>.</note> <foreign>arcanā</foreign><note>Sanskrit <foreign>arcanā</foreign>.</note> of

the Ardhanāri

that

Agralēkai<note>Sanskrit Agralekhai.</note>

<hi rend="italic">alias</hi> the glorious Kuruttaṉ Kēcuvaṉ,

the officer of the king of Kiṭāram,

had installed,

eighty seven <foreign>kaḻañcu</foreign>s three quarters

of Chinese gold <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>cīna-k-kanakam</foreign></supplied>

that the above-mentioned

has sent/offered</item>

<item>for

...

eighty seven <foreign>kaḻañcu</foreign>s three quarters

of Chinese gold <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>cīna-k-kanakam</foreign></supplied></item>

<item>for

...

sixty seven <foreign>kaḻañcu</foreign>s three quarters

of <foreign>uṇṭikai</foreign> gold</item>

</list>

this gold amounts to two hundred thirty-six <foreign>kaḻañcu</foreign>s three quarters.

</p>

...

</p>

</div>

<p n="1-6">so that there be two <foreign>nāḻi</foreign>s at the time of therice food-offering <supplied reason="lost">for Ardhanā</supplied>ri <gap reason="ellipsis"/></p>

</div>

<!--<div type="commentary">

</div>-->

<p>Reported in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1956-1957"/></bibl> (ARIE/1956-1957/B/1956-1957/166).</p>

<p>

Edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Mārkciyakānti+al2007_01"/></bibl>, with facsimile (part A = 25 lines).

Edited (with many variants) and translated in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Karashima+Subbarayalu2009_01"/></bibl> (pp. 277-278) (part A = 34 lines; no part B).

</p>

<p>This digital edition by Emmanuel Francis, based on <bibl><ptr target="bib:Mārkciyakānti+al2007_01"/></bibl> and <bibl><ptr target="bib:Karashima+Subbarayalu2009_01"/></bibl>. The extent of lacunae in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Mārkciyakānti+al2007_01"/></bibl> is very approximate. The distinction between initial and medial vowels, and between Grantha and Tamil letters could not be implemented with full confidence. The present digital edition is thus provisional and should be revised with proper visual documentation.</p>

<p>ASI estampage and transcript yet to be consulted.</p>

</bibl>

</bibl>

</listBibl>

<bibl>

</bibl>

</listBibl>

</div>

</body>

</text>

</TEI>