Tiruppāmpuram, Cēṣapurīśvara, time of Tribhuvana Vīradeva, year 35

Authors of digital edition: Renato Dávalos (reda), Emmanuel Francis (emfr).

Contributor: Renato Dávalos (reda).

Summary: Grant of rights to Nāṟpatteṇṇāyiramāṇikkam, a temple woman (tēvaraṭiyār), in return for her donations. It establishes the privileges she acquired during the hunting festival (tiruvēṭṭai) and [to sing the] eḻuppu-p-pāvai (waking up section?) of the tiruvempāvai during the Tiruvātirai festival in the month of Mārkaḻi.

Language: Tamil (tam) [Grantha (grantha), Tamil (tamil)].

Repository: Tamil Nadu (varia) (tfa-tamilnadu-epigraphy).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSTamilNadu00018.

File path: DHARMA_INSTamilNadu00018.xml.

Version: 2026-08-14 13:24 (69e3379), last modified 2026-07-17 15:32 (b80acdf).

Edition

⟨1⟩ (svasti śrī) (maturaiyum Īḻamum karuvūrum pāṇṭiyaṉ muṭi-t-talai)yuṅ koṇṭu vīrā-Api(ṣe)(kamum vi)jayā-Apiṣ⟨e⟩kamum paṇṇi-Aruḷi¡n!a śrī-tirupu-vaṉa-vīra-tēvarkku yāṇṭu mu-p-patt-añc-āvatu taṉu-nāyaṟṟu pūrva-pakṣa(t)tu nāyaṟṟu-kiḻamaiyum saptamiyum

⟨2⟩ [***] kōyil Āti-caṇṭēśvara-tēvar tēvar-kaṉmikaḷōm Ik-kōyil tēvaraṭiyāril Uṭaiyavaḷ-āṉa nāṟ-patt-eṇṇ-āyira-māṇikkam Iṉ-ṉāya¡n!ār kōyilukku tiru-vācura-nāya¡n!āraiyum periya tēvaraiyum n(ācciyāraiyum) [*******] (I)-

⟨3⟩ ṟ(ai)-y-ili-yum ceytu tiru-k-kaṟṟaḷi [.]e [*********] peṟṟimaiyil Ik-kōyil tiru-v-eḻucciyil A[*]kaṭicaṟkak muṟaiyum tiru-vēṭṭaiyil muttaṭaiyum tiru-mārkaḻi tiru-v-ātirai tiru-¿A?mpāvai Eḻuppu-p-pāvaiyum [******]

⟨4⟩ [***] vaṟkkatāṟkum Ik-kōyil [******] tēvar-kaṉmikaḷōm Ivai kōyil-kaṇakku mu-ṉ-ṉūṟṟuva-p-piriyaṉ Eḻuttu Ivai cī-kāriyam teṉṉavaṉ mū-vēṉta-vēḷāṉ Eḻuttu Ivai śrī-māhēśvara-k-kaṇkāṇi koṇṭāṉ Eḻuttu [***] Ivai tēvakaṉmam mu-ṉ-ṉūṟṟuva-paṭṭaṉ Eḻuttu Ivai pālaṟāvāyaṉ Eḻuttu| Ivai Amu(taṉ) campaṉtaṉ Eḻuttu|

Translation

⟨1⟩ Prosperity! Fortune!

⟨1⟩ Thirty-fifth year of the glorious king Tribhuvana Vīra¹, who, having taken Maturai, Īḻam, Karuvūr and the crowned head of the Pāṇḍya, graciously performed the heroic anointment and the victorious anointment, month of Taṉu², first forthnight, a Sunday, ⟨tithi⟩ seven.

⟨2–5⟩ We, the temple officers/servants ⟨of⟩ the god Āticaṇṭēśvara ⟨of⟩ the temple […], in reason of the greatness (peṟṟimaiyil) that Nāṟpatteṇṇāyiramāṇikkam alias Uṭaiyavaḷ, one among the god’s devotees (tēvaraṭiyār³) of this temple, [showed in favour of] the glorious stone temple, by [installing] Tiruvācuranāyaṉār, Periya Tēvar, and Nācciyār for the temple of this Lord and by making tax-free […]⁴, ⟨We have granted her⟩ and those in her lineage (vaṟkkatāṟkum)

a turn (muṟai) … (A[+]kaṭicaṟkak) at the time of tiruveḻucci⁵
a … (muttaṭai) at the time of the glorious hunt (tiruvēṭṭai)⁶,
the ⟨charge of⟩ rousing lady (eḻuppu-p-pāvai) ⟨chanting⟩ the Tiruvempāvai (tiru-¿A?⟨vem⟩mpāvai)⟨at the time of⟩ Tiruvātirai ⟨festival in the month⟩ of glorious Mārkaḻi,

We, the temple officers/servants ⟨of⟩ this temple.

⟨5⟩

These are the signature of Muṉṉūṟṟuvappiriyaṉ, the temple accountant.
These are the signature of ...
These are the signature of ...
These are the signature of ...
These are the signature of ...
These are the signature of ...

Commentary

The epithet maturaiyum īḻamum karuvūrum pāṇṭiyaṉ muṭi talai corresponds to the Cōḻa king Kulōttuṅka III.

According to ARIE 1910–11, the same Nāṟpatteṇṇāyiramāṇikkam is also mentioned in ARIE/1910-1911/C/1911/92, which records a “sale of land to the temple for the worship of Periya Tēvar and Nācciyār, set up therein by a dancing girl.”

Bibliography

Reported in ARIE 1910–11 (ARIE/1910-1911/C/1911/94).

Edited in Patmāvati 1979 (NK 134).

Translated in Orr 2000, pp. 18–19.

This digital edition by Renato Dávalos and Emmanuel Francis (2023), based on Patmāvati 1979. This translation by Renato Dávalos and Emmanuel Francis (2024).

Primary

[P] Patmāvati, Ā. 1979. Naṉṉilam kalveṭṭukkaḷ: mutal tokuti. Tamiḻnāṭṭu kalvetṭukaḷ 12. Ceṉṉai: Tamiḻnāṭu Aracu Tolporuḷ Āyvuttuṟai. Item 134.

Secondary

ARIE 1910–11. G.O. No. 832, 28th July 1911. Epigraphy. Recording the progress report of the Assistant Archaeological Superintendent for epigraphy, Southern Circle, for the year 1910-1911. Edited by H. Krishna Sastri. No place, 1911. Page 38, appendixes C/1910-1911, item 94.

Orr, Leslie C. 2000. Donors, devotees, and daughters of god, temple women in medieval Tamilnadu. New York: Oxford University Press.

Notes

1. That is, Kulottuṅga III. Orr 2000 (p. 19) dates this record to 1213 CE, but incorrectly locates it at the Kālahastīśvara temple in Tirumpampuram. The Kālahastīśvara temple is in fact in Kuḷikkarai. See ARIE/1910-1911/C/1911/82-84.
2. Sanskrit Dhanu.
3. That is, a temple women, according to Orr 2000’s definition (see pp. 52ff.).
4. That is, Nāṟpatteṇṇāyiramāṇikkam set up image of these deities in this temple and also made tax-free land endowments. See Orr 2000 (p. 18).
5. That is, “a position (muṟai) when worship is offered at the early morning service (tiruveḻucci)” according to Orr 2000 (p. 18). The term muṟai maybe more properly designates a turn, that is, a time-slot for a temple service provided in turns by several officiants.
6. That is, “a senior (?) place at the hunting festival (tiruveṭṭai)” according to Orr 2000 (p. 18).

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<p n="1">Prosperity! Fortune!</p>

<p n="1">Thirty-fifth year of the glorious king Tribhuvana Vīra<note>That is, Kulottuṅga III. <bibl><ptr target="bib:Orr2000_01"/></bibl> (p. 19) dates this record to 1213 CE, but incorrectly locates it at the Kālahastīśvara temple in Tirumpampuram. The Kālahastīśvara temple is in fact in Kuḷikkarai. See ARIE/1910-1911/C/1911/82-84.</note>, who, having taken Maturai, Īḻam, Karuvūr and the crowned head of the Pāṇḍya, graciously performed the heroic anointment and the victorious anointment, month of Taṉu<note>Sanskrit Dhanu.</note>, first forthnight, a Sunday, <supplied reason="subaudible"><foreign>tithi</foreign></supplied> seven.</p>

<p n="2-5">We, the temple officers/servants <supplied reason="subaudible">of</supplied> the god Āticaṇṭēśvara <supplied reason="subaudible">of</supplied> the temple <gap reason="lost"/>,

in reason of the greatness <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>peṟṟimaiyil</foreign></supplied> that Nāṟpatteṇṇāyiramāṇikkam <hi rend="italic">alias</hi> Uṭaiyavaḷ, one among the god's devotees <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tēvaraṭiyār</foreign><note>That is, a temple women, according to <bibl><ptr target="bib:Orr2000_01"/></bibl>'s definition (see pp. 52ff.).</note></supplied> of this temple, <supplied reason="lost">showed in favour of</supplied> the glorious stone temple, by <supplied reason="lost">installing</supplied> Tiruvācuranāyaṉār, Periya Tēvar, and Nācciyār for the temple of this Lord and by making tax-free <gap reason="lost"/><note>That is, Nāṟpatteṇṇāyiramāṇikkam set up image of these deities in this temple and also made tax-free land endowments. See <bibl><ptr target="bib:Orr2000_01"/></bibl> (p. 18).</note>,

<supplied reason="subaudible">We have granted her</supplied> and those in her lineage <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>vaṟkkatāṟkum</foreign></supplied>

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<item>a <gap reason="ellipsis"/> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>muttaṭai</foreign></supplied> at the time of the glorious hunt <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tiruvēṭṭai</foreign></supplied><note>That is, <quote>a senior (?) place at the hunting festival (<foreign>tiruveṭṭai</foreign>)</quote> according to <bibl><ptr target="bib:Orr2000_01"/></bibl> (p. 18).</note>,</item>

<item>the <supplied reason="subaudible">charge of</supplied> rousing lady <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eḻuppu-p-pāvai</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">chanting</supplied> the Tiruvempāvai <supplied reason="explanation">tiru-<choice><sic>A</sic><corr>vem</corr></choice>mpāvai</supplied><supplied reason="subaudible">at the time of</supplied> Tiruvātirai <supplied reason="subaudible">festival in the month</supplied> of glorious Mārkaḻi,</item></list>

We, the temple officers/servants <supplied reason="subaudible">of</supplied> this temple.

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The epithet <foreign>maturaiyum īḻamum karuvūrum pāṇṭiyaṉ muṭi talai</foreign> corresponds to the Cōḻa king Kulōttuṅka III.

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According to <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1910-1911"/></bibl>, the same Nāṟpatteṇṇāyiramāṇikkam is also mentioned in ARIE/1910-1911/C/1911/92, which records a <quote>sale of land to the temple for the worship of Periya Tēvar and Nācciyār, set up therein by a dancing girl.</quote></p>

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<p>Reported in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1910-1911"/></bibl> (ARIE/1910-1911/C/1911/94).</p>

<p>Edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Patmavati1979_01"/></bibl> (NK 134).</p>

<p>Translated in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Orr2000_01"/><citedRange unit="page">18-19</citedRange></bibl>.</p>

<p>This digital edition by Renato Dávalos and Emmanuel Francis (2023), based on <bibl><ptr target="bib:Patmavati1979_01"/></bibl>. This translation by Renato Dávalos and Emmanuel Francis (2024).</p>

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RD: Grants of privileges to dancing-girls for performing tiruveḻucci and singing Tiruvempāvai.

On the north base of the same shrine = central shrine in the Śēshapurīśvara temple at Tiruppāmpuram.

Kulottuṅka Cōḻa III

-->