SII 12.120: original edition by V. Venkatasubba Ayyar – No. 120. (A.R. No. 286 of 1921). ON THE SAME WALLS.

Editor: Emmanuel Francis.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSSIIv12p0i0120.

Summary: The first portion of this record consists of a string of birudas in Sanskrit which describe the family, character and achievements of Kōpperuñjiṅgadēva. The concluding portion is in Tamil and contains an order of the chief issued, through his officer Nīlagaṅgaraiyar, to the residents of Āṟṟūr remitting, in favour of the god Āḷuḍaiya-Nāyaṉār, from the 5th year of the chief’s rule, the tax aripāḍikāval excluding kāvalpēṟu, on their village which was hitherto collected by the king. In the Sanskrit portion the chief is called Pallavakula-pārijāta, Kāḍavakula-chūḍāmaṇi, Avanipālana-jāta, etc. He claims supremacy over the Chōḷa, Pāṇḍya, Chēdi, Karṇāṭa and Āndhra kings. The chief’s conflict with Gaṇḍagōpāla and the extent of his dominions are indicated by the titles ‘Gaṇḍa-bhaṇḍāra¹-luṇṭāka’ Kshīrāpagādakshiṇanāyaka, Kāvērī-kāmuka and Peṇṇānadī-nātha. The title ‘Khaḍgamalla’ corresponding to the Tamil ‘Vāḷvalla’ explains the heroism, while the epithets ‘Bhāratamalla’ and ‘Sāhityaratnākara’ describe the cultural attainments of the chief. His connection with Mallai i.e., Mahābalipuram and Conjeeveram is indicated by the titles Mallāpuri-vallabha² and Kāñchīpurī-kānta.³ The last verse in the Sanskrit portion gives a clue to the identification of Kōpperuñjiṅga. This verse, conveying a double entendre, refers to the attempts of the chief to enjoy Dhātrī, i.e. Earth, when it is implied that the town Kāñchī was taken and Madhya-(dēśa) i.e., Naḍu-nāḍu was conquered. Since the capture of Toṇḍai-maṇḍalam and Naḍu-nāḍu is to be attributed to the elder Peruñjiṅga, this record may be assigned to him. The officer Nīlagaṅgaraiyar, from the title piḷḷaiyār applied to him, appears to have been a favourite and important officer of Kōpperuñjiṅgadēva. Three generations of Nīlagaṅgaraiyars are known, viz., (l) Kulōttuṅgaśōḻa Kaṇṇappaṉ Nallanāyaṉār Pañchanadivāṇaṉ Nīlagaṅgaraiyar (16th year of Kulōttuṅga-Chōḷa 111),⁴ (2) the officer figuring in the present inscription, and (3) his son, Pañchanadivāṇaṉ Aruṇagiriperumāḷ Nīlagaṅgaraiyar figuring in the time of Vijaya-Gaṇḍagōpāla,⁵ Sundara-Pāṇḍya⁶ and Kōpperuñjiṅgadēva II.⁷ They were in power in the present Chingleput district under the Chōḷas and their successors and sometimes issued orders in their own names.⁸ Aripāḍikāval may be explained as a tax payable in kind to the king for protection.

Hand description:

Languages: Sanskrit, Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

Version: 2025-05-08 16:36 (ffd3f51), last modified 2025-04-22 08:49 (dc43648).

⟨1⟩ svasti śrīḥ [||]

Anuṣṭubh

Etat trailokyabhūpāla-

maulimāṇikkamaṇḍanaM [|]

śrīmaT gonarasiṁhasya

khaṭgamallasya śāsanam ||

tribhuvanabhūpāḷanāyakassamastabhuvana bhūpaticūḍāmaṇi pādapiṭhapratiṣṭhitapādapaṁkajaścoḷapratiṣṭhācāryyaḥ pāṇḍyamaṇḍaladaṇḍadharastoṇḍīramaṇḍalapuṇḍarīkamārttā⟨2⟩ṇḍaḥ karṇṇāṭārṇṇavakuMbhasaMbhavaḥ Āndhrasindhumandhācalaścedirājagiridurgganighāta bheribhāṁkāraḥ pararājaghaṭṭanagharaṭṭaḥ paragaṇḍakaṇṭhīrava⟨gaṇḍa⟩pheruṇḍacaṇḍa mārutaḥ Abhimānatuṁgassaṁgrāmarāmaḥ A(sahāya) (vī)ra Āhavadhīro bharatamallo bhāratamallaḥ ⟨3⟩ khaḍgamallaḥ pallavakulapārijātaḥ kāṭavakulacūḍāmaṇiravanipālanajāto maṁgalanila yo viravino(da)styāgavin(o)do gaṇḍabhaṇḍāraluṇṭākaḥ pararājāntaḥpura bandikārassāhityaratnākaro mallāpuri⟨4⟩vallabhaḥ kāñcīpurīkāntaḥ kāberīkāmukaḥ kṣīrāpagādakṣiṇa nāyakaḥ peṇṇānadīnāthaḥ kanakasabhāpatisabhāsarvakāryyasa(rva)kālanirvāhako gopṛthusiṁha mahārājassakalabhuvanacakravartti ௳ nṛtteśvarāya ⟨5⟩ puragopurasālapūjā mācandratāramavilāntu dadau vidhātuM [|] toṇḍīra maṇḍalamahītala rājarājakhyāta nnadīnjanapadaṁ karavāḷamallaḥ [||] śrīkhaḍgamalle jagade kavīre bhoktuṁ ⟨6⟩ karagrāhiṇi bhūtadhātriM [|] kāñcīhṛtā kaMpitamaṁgadeśairmmadhyotibhugnaśca litoḷakā{ṅ}ntaḥ ||௳

kopperuñciṅkaṉ Olai [*] Āṟṟūr Ūravar kaṇṭu viṭu tantatāvatu ௳ ⟨7⟩ svasti śrī ⟨8⟩ Āṟṟūr Ūravarkku ⟨9⟩ niṉaippu [|] ⟨10⟩ taṅkaḷūr Aiñcāvatu Āṭimāsamutal Āḷuṭaiyanāyaṉārkkut tevatāṉamāka ⟨11⟩ Aṉaittāyaṅkaḷum Uṭpaṭa tevar tirumukam kuṭuttaruḷiṉapaṭiye Ūr kāvalppe(r) ⟨12⟩ koḷḷum kāvalppeṟu nīkki nāṅkaḷ koḷḷakkaṭava Arippāṭikāval ⟨13⟩ Āḷuṭaiyanāyaṉārkku nirvārttuk kuṭuttom [|] Ippaṭikkut taṅkaḷūril ⟨14⟩ koyilile kalluveṭṭivittuk koḷvate [|] Ivai nilakaṅkaraya ṉeḻuttu Eṉṟu ⟨15⟩ piḷḷaiyār pañcanativāṇaṉāṉa nilakaṅkarayar śāsaṉappaṭi kalveṭṭiyatu poṉ

⟨1⟩ svasti śrīḥ [||]   Etat trailokyabhūpāla-maulimāṇikkamaṇḍanaM [|] śrīmaT gonarasiṁhasya khaṭgamallasya śāsanam ||  tribhuvanabhūpāḷanāyakassamastabhuvana bhūpaticūḍāmaṇi pādapiṭhapratiṣṭhitapādapaṁkajaścoḷapratiṣṭhācāryyaḥ pāṇḍyamaṇḍaladaṇḍadharastoṇḍīramaṇḍalapuṇḍarīkamārttā-
⟨2⟩ ṇḍaḥ karṇṇāṭārṇṇavakuMbhasaMbhavaḥ Āndhrasindhumandhācalaścedirājagiridurgganighāta bheribhāṁkāraḥ pararājaghaṭṭanagharaṭṭaḥ paragaṇḍakaṇṭhīrava⟨gaṇḍa⟩pheruṇḍacaṇḍa mārutaḥ Abhimānatuṁgassaṁgrāmarāmaḥ A(sahāya) (vī)ra Āhavadhīro bharatamallo bhāratamallaḥ 
⟨3⟩ khaḍgamallaḥ pallavakulapārijātaḥ kāṭavakulacūḍāmaṇiravanipālanajāto maṁgalanila yo viravino(da)styāgavin(o)do gaṇḍabhaṇḍāraluṇṭākaḥ pararājāntaḥpura bandikārassāhityaratnākaro mallāpuri-
⟨4⟩ vallabhaḥ kāñcīpurīkāntaḥ kāberīkāmukaḥ kṣīrāpagādakṣiṇa nāyakaḥ peṇṇānadīnāthaḥ kanakasabhāpatisabhāsarvakāryyasa(rva)kālanirvāhako gopṛthusiṁha mahārājassakalabhuvanacakravartti ௳ nṛtteśvarāya 
⟨5⟩ puragopurasālapūjā mācandratāramavilāntu dadau vidhātuM [|] toṇḍīra maṇḍalamahītala rājarājakhyāta nnadīnjanapadaṁ karavāḷamallaḥ [||] śrīkhaḍgamalle jagade kavīre bhoktuṁ 
⟨6⟩ karagrāhiṇi bhūtadhātriM [|] kāñcīhṛtā kaMpitamaṁgadeśairmmadhyotibhugnaśca litoḷakā{ṅ}ntaḥ ||௳   kopperuñciṅkaṉ Olai [*] Āṟṟūr Ūravar kaṇṭu viṭu tantatāvatu ௳ 
⟨7⟩ svasti śrī 
⟨8⟩ Āṟṟūr Ūravarkku 
⟨9⟩ niṉaippu [|] 
⟨10⟩ taṅkaḷūr Aiñcāvatu Āṭimāsamutal Āḷuṭaiyanāyaṉārkkut tevatāṉamāka 
⟨11⟩ Aṉaittāyaṅkaḷum Uṭpaṭa tevar tirumukam kuṭuttaruḷiṉapaṭiye Ūr kāvalppe(r) 
⟨12⟩ koḷḷum kāvalppeṟu nīkki nāṅkaḷ koḷḷakkaṭava Arippāṭikāval 
⟨13⟩ Āḷuṭaiyanāyaṉārkku nirvārttuk kuṭuttom [|] Ippaṭikkut taṅkaḷūril 
⟨14⟩ koyilile kalluveṭṭivittuk koḷvate [|] Ivai nilakaṅkaraya ṉeḻuttu Eṉṟu 
⟨15⟩ piḷḷaiyār pañcanativāṇaṉāṉa nilakaṅkarayar śāsaṉappaṭi kalveṭṭiyatu poṉ  

⟨1⟩ svasti śrīḥ [||]

Anuṣṭubh

Etat trailokyabhūpāla-

maulimāṇikkamaṇḍanaM [|]

śrīmaT gonarasiṁhasya

khaṭgamallasya śāsanam ||

Apparatus

⟨2⟩ bharatamallo • In the Tiruvaṇṇāmalai inscription he is styled paratamvallaperumāḷ (A.R. No. 480 of 1902).

Bibliography

Digital edition of SII 12.120 by Venkatasubba Ayyar 1943 converted to DHARMA conventions by Emmanuel Francis.

Primary

[SII] Venkatasubba Ayyar, V. 1943. South Indian inscriptions. Volume XII: The Pallavas (with introductory notes in English). South Indian Inscriptions 12. Madras: Government Press. Pages 58–59, item 120.

Notes

1. [This refers perhaps to Gaṇḍapeṇḍāra - Ed].
2. cf. Mallai-vēndaṉ in No. 128 below.
3. cf. Kāñchī-Nāyaka in a record from Tirupati.
4. A.R. No. 2 of 1911.
5. A.R. No. 4 of 1911.
6. A.R. No. 306 of 1909.
7. No. 212 below.
8. A.R. Nos. 3, 5 and 11 of 1911.

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<title>SII 12.120: original edition by V. Venkatasubba Ayyar</title>

<title type="alt">No. 120. (A.R. No. 286 of 1921). ON THE SAME WALLS.</title>

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<p>The first portion of this record consists of a string of <hi rend="italic">birudas</hi> in Sanskrit which describe the family, character and achievements of <hi rend="bold">Kōpperuñjiṅgadēva.</hi> The concluding portion is in Tamil and contains an order of the chief issued, through his officer <hi rend="bold">Nīlagaṅgaraiyar,</hi> to the residents of Āṟṟūr remitting, in favour of the god Āḷuḍaiya-Nāyaṉār, from the <hi rend="bold">5th year</hi> of the chief's rule, the tax <hi rend="italic">aripāḍikāval</hi> excluding <hi rend="italic">kāvalpēṟu,</hi> on their village which was hitherto collected by the king. In the Sanskrit portion the chief is called <hi rend="italic">Pallavakula-pārijāta, Kāḍavakula-chūḍāmaṇi, Avanipālana-jāta,</hi> etc. He claims supremacy over the <hi rend="bold">Chōḷa, Pāṇḍya, Chēdi, Karṇāṭa</hi> and <hi rend="bold">Āndhra kings.</hi> The chief's conflict with <hi rend="bold">Gaṇḍagōpāla</hi> and the extent of his dominions are indicated by the titles <hi rend="italic">‘Gaṇḍa-bhaṇḍāra</hi><note>[This refers perhaps to <hi rend="italic">Gaṇḍapeṇḍāra</hi> - Ed].</note><hi rend="italic">-luṇṭāka’ Kshīrāpagādakshiṇanāyaka, Kāvērī-kāmuka</hi> and <hi rend="italic">Peṇṇānadī-nātha.</hi> The title <hi rend="italic">‘Khaḍgamalla’</hi> corresponding to the Tamil <hi rend="italic">‘Vāḷvalla’</hi> explains the heroism, while the epithets <hi rend="italic">‘Bhāratamalla’</hi> and <hi rend="italic">‘Sāhityaratnākara’</hi> describe the cultural attainments of the chief. His connection with Mallai i.e., Mahābalipuram and Conjeeveram is indicated by the titles <hi rend="italic">Mallāpuri-vallabha</hi><note>cf. <hi rend="italic">Mallai-vēndaṉ</hi> in No. 128 below.</note> and <hi rend="italic">Kāñchīpurī-kānta.</hi><note>cf. <hi rend="italic">Kāñchī-Nāyaka</hi> in a record from Tirupati.</note> The last verse in the Sanskrit portion gives a clue to the identification of Kōpperuñjiṅga. This verse, conveying a double entendre, refers to the attempts of the chief to enjoy Dhātrī, i.e. Earth, when it is implied that the town Kāñchī was taken and Madhya-(dēśa) i.e., Naḍu-nāḍu was conquered. Since the capture of Toṇḍai-maṇḍalam and Naḍu-nāḍu is to be attributed to the elder Peruñjiṅga, this record may be assigned to him.</p>

<p>The officer Nīlagaṅgaraiyar, from the title <hi rend="italic">piḷḷaiyār</hi> applied to him, appears to have been a favourite and important officer of Kōpperuñjiṅgadēva. Three generations of Nīlagaṅgaraiyars are known, viz., (l) Kulōttuṅgaśōḻa Kaṇṇappaṉ Nallanāyaṉār Pañchanadivāṇaṉ Nīlagaṅgaraiyar (16th year of Kulōttuṅga-Chōḷa 111),<note><hi rend="italic">A.R.</hi> No. 2 of 1911.</note> (2) the officer figuring in the present inscription, and (3) his son, Pañchanadivāṇaṉ Aruṇagiriperumāḷ Nīlagaṅgaraiyar figuring in the time of Vijaya-Gaṇḍagōpāla,<note><hi rend="italic">A.R.</hi> No. 4 of 1911.</note> Sundara-Pāṇḍya<note><hi rend="italic">A.R.</hi> No. 306 of 1909.</note> and Kōpperuñjiṅgadēva II.<note>No. 212 below.</note> They were in power in the present Chingleput district under the Chōḷas and their successors and sometimes issued orders in their own names.<note><hi rend="italic">A.R.</hi> Nos. 3, 5 and 11 of 1911.</note></p>

<p><hi rend="italic">Aripāḍikāval</hi> may be explained as a tax payable in kind to the king for protection.</p>

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<lb n="1"/>svasti śrīḥ <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="ddanda">.</g></supplied>

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<l n="a" enjamb="yes">Etat trailokyabhūpāla</l><l n="b">maulimāṇikkamaṇḍanaM <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="danda">.</g></supplied></l>

<l n="c">śrīmaT gonarasiṁhasya</l>

<l n="d">khaṭgamallasya śāsana<seg xml:lang="tam-Latn" rendition="class:tamil maturity:vernacular">m</seg> <g type="ddanda">.</g></l></lg>

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<lb n="2" break="no"/>ṇḍaḥ karṇṇāṭārṇṇavakuMbhasaMbhavaḥ Āndhrasindhumandhācalaścedirājagiridurgganighāta bheribhāṁkāraḥ pararājaghaṭṭanagharaṭṭaḥ paragaṇḍakaṇṭhīrava<supplied reason="omitted">gaṇḍa</supplied>pheruṇḍacaṇḍa mārutaḥ Abhimānatuṁgassaṁgrāmarāmaḥ A<unclear>sahāya</unclear> <unclear>vī</unclear>ra Āhavadhīro bharatamallo bhāratamallaḥ

<lb n="3"/>khaḍgamallaḥ pallavakulapārijātaḥ kāṭavakulacūḍāmaṇiravanipālanajāto maṁgalanila yo viravino<unclear>da</unclear>styāgavin<unclear>o</unclear>do gaṇḍabhaṇḍāraluṇṭākaḥ pararājāntaḥpura bandikārassāhityaratnākaro mallāpuri

<lb n="4" break="no"/>vallabhaḥ kāñcīpurīkāntaḥ kāberīkāmukaḥ kṣīrāpagādakṣiṇa nāyakaḥ peṇṇānadīnāthaḥ kanakasabhāpatisabhāsarvakāryyasa<unclear>rva</unclear>kālanirvāhako gopṛthusiṁha mahārājassakalabhuvanacakravartti <g type="pc"/> nṛtteśvarāya

<lb n="5"/>puragopurasālapūjā mācandratāramavilāntu dadau vidhātuM <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="danda">.</g></supplied> toṇḍīra maṇḍalamahītala rājarājakhyāta nnadīnjanapadaṁ karavāḷamallaḥ <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="ddanda">.</g></supplied> śrīkhaḍgamalle jagade kavīre bhoktuṁ

<lb n="6"/>karagrāhiṇi bhūtadhātriM <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="danda">.</g></supplied> kāñcīhṛtā kaMpitamaṁgadeśairmmadhyotibhugnaśca litoḷakā<surplus>ṅ</surplus>ntaḥ <g type="ddanda">.</g><g type="pc"/>

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kopperuñciṅkaṉ Olai <seg rend="check">[*]</seg> Āṟṟūr Ūravar kaṇṭu viṭu tantatāvatu <g type="pc">.</g>

<lb n="7"/><hi rend="grantha">svasti śrī</hi>

<lb n="8"/>Āṟṟūr Ūravarkku

<lb n="9"/>niṉaippu <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="danda">.</g></supplied>

<lb n="10"/>taṅkaḷūr Aiñcāvatu Āṭi<hi rend="grantha">māsa</hi>mutal Āḷuṭaiyanāyaṉārkkut tevatāṉamāka

<lb n="11"/>Aṉaittāyaṅkaḷum Uṭpaṭa tevar tirumukam kuṭuttaruḷiṉapaṭiye Ūr kāvalppe<unclear>r</unclear>

<lb n="12"/>koḷḷum kāvalppeṟu nīkki nāṅkaḷ koḷḷakkaṭava Arippāṭikāval

<lb n="13"/>Āḷuṭaiyanāyaṉārkku nirvārttuk kuṭuttom <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="danda">.</g></supplied> Ippaṭikkut taṅkaḷūril

<lb n="14"/>koyilile kalluveṭṭivittuk koḷvate <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="danda">.</g></supplied> Ivai nilakaṅkaraya ṉeḻuttu Eṉṟu

<lb n="15"/>piḷḷaiyār pañcanativāṇaṉāṉa nilakaṅkarayar <hi rend="grantha">śāsa</hi>ṉappaṭi kalveṭṭiyatu poṉ

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<note>In the Tiruvaṇṇāmalai inscription he is styled <foreign>paratamvallaperumāḷ</foreign> (<hi rend="italic">A.R.</hi> No. 480 of 1902).</note>

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