No. 120. (A.R. No. 286 of 1921). ON THE SAME WALLS.

Author of digital edition: Emmanuel Francis (emfr).

Summary: The first portion of this record consists of a string of birudas in Sanskrit which describe the family, character and achievements of Kōpperuñjiṅgadēva. The concluding portion is in Tamil and contains an order of the chief issued, through his officer Nīlagaṅgaraiyar, to the residents of Āṟṟūr remitting, in favour of the god Āḷuḍaiya-Nāyaṉār, from the 5th year of the chief’s rule, the tax aripāḍikāval excluding kāvalpēṟu, on their village which was hitherto collected by the king. In the Sanskrit portion the chief is called Pallavakula-pārijāta, Kāḍavakula-chūḍāmaṇi, Avanipālana-jāta, etc. He claims supremacy over the Chōḷa, Pāṇḍya, Chēdi, Karṇāṭa and Āndhra kings. The chief’s conflict with Gaṇḍagōpāla and the extent of his dominions are indicated by the titles ‘Gaṇḍa-bhaṇḍāra1-luṇṭāka’ Kshīrāpagādakshiṇanāyaka, Kāvērī-kāmuka and Peṇṇānadī-nātha. The title ‘Khaḍgamalla’ corresponding to the Tamil ‘Vāḷvalla’ explains the heroism, while the epithets ‘Bhāratamalla’ and ‘Sāhityaratnākara’ describe the cultural attainments of the chief. His connection with Mallai i.e., Mahābalipuram and Conjeeveram is indicated by the titles Mallāpuri-vallabha2 and Kāñchīpurī-kānta.3 The last verse in the Sanskrit portion gives a clue to the identification of Kōpperuñjiṅga. This verse, conveying a double entendre, refers to the attempts of the chief to enjoy Dhātrī, i.e. Earth, when it is implied that the town Kāñchī was taken and Madhya-(dēśa) i.e., Naḍu-nāḍu was conquered. Since the capture of Toṇḍai-maṇḍalam and Naḍu-nāḍu is to be attributed to the elder Peruñjiṅga, this record may be assigned to him.

The officer Nīlagaṅgaraiyar, from the title piḷḷaiyār applied to him, appears to have been a favourite and important officer of Kōpperuñjiṅgadēva. Three generations of Nīlagaṅgaraiyars are known, viz., (l) Kulōttuṅgaśōḻa Kaṇṇappaṉ Nallanāyaṉār Pañchanadivāṇaṉ Nīlagaṅgaraiyar (16th year of Kulōttuṅga-Chōḷa 111),4 (2) the officer figuring in the present inscription, and (3) his son, Pañchanadivāṇaṉ Aruṇagiriperumāḷ Nīlagaṅgaraiyar figuring in the time of Vijaya-Gaṇḍagōpāla,5 Sundara-Pāṇḍya6 and Kōpperuñjiṅgadēva II.7 They were in power in the present Chingleput district under the Chōḷas and their successors and sometimes issued orders in their own names.8

Aripāḍikāval may be explained as a tax payable in kind to the king for protection.

Languages: Sanskrit (san), Tamil (tam).

Version: (2ce46a2), last modified (0ec4724).

Edition

⟨1⟩ svasti śrīḥ [||] Etat trailokyabhūpālamaulimāṇikkamaṇḍanaM [|] śrīmaT gonarasiṁhasya khaṭgamallasya śāsanam || tribhuvanabhūpāḷanāyakassamastabhuvana bhūpaticūḍāmaṇi pādapiṭhapratiṣṭhitapādapaṁkajaścoḷapratiṣṭhācāryyaḥ pāṇḍyamaṇḍaladaṇḍadharastoṇḍīramaṇḍalapuṇḍarīkamārttā-

⟨2⟩ ṇḍaḥ karṇṇāṭārṇṇavakuMbhasaMbhavaḥ Āndhrasindhumandhācalaścedirājagiridurgganighāta bheribhāṁkāraḥ pararājaghaṭṭanagharaṭṭaḥ paragaṇḍakaṇṭhīrava⟨gaṇḍa⟩pheruṇḍacaṇḍa mārutaḥ Abhimānatuṁgassaṁgrāmarāmaḥ A(sahāya) (vī)ra Āhavadhīro bharatamallo bhāratamallaḥ

⟨3⟩ khaḍgamallaḥ pallavakulapārijātaḥ kāṭavakulacūḍāmaṇiravanipālanajāto maṁgalanila yo viravino(da)styāgavin(o)do gaṇḍabhaṇḍāraluṇṭākaḥ pararājāntaḥpura bandikārassāhityaratnākaro mallāpuri-

⟨4⟩ vallabhaḥ kāñcīpurīkāntaḥ kāberīkāmukaḥ kṣīrāpagādakṣiṇa nāyakaḥ peṇṇānadīnāthaḥ kanakasabhāpatisabhāsarvakāryyasa(rva)kālanirvāhako gopṛthusiṁha mahārājassakalabhuvanacakravartti ௳ nṛtteśvarāya

⟨5⟩ puragopurasālapūjā mācandratāramavilāntu dadau vidhātuM [|] toṇḍīra maṇḍalamahītala rājarājakhyāta nnadīnjanapadaṁ karavāḷamallaḥ [||] śrīkhaḍgamalle jagade kavīre bhoktuṁ

⟨6⟩ karagrāhiṇi bhūtadhātriM [|] kāñcīhṛtā kaMpitamaṁgadeśairmmadhyotibhugnaśca litoḷakā{ṅ}ntaḥ ||௳ kopperuñciṅkaṉ Olai [*] Āṟṟūr Ūravar kaṇṭu viṭu tantatāvatu ௳

⟨7⟩ svasti śrī

⟨8⟩ Āṟṟūr Ūravarkku

⟨9⟩ niṉaippu [|]

⟨10⟩ taṅkaḷūr Aiñcāvatu Āṭimāsamutal Āḷuṭaiyanāyaṉārkkut tevatāṉamāka

⟨11⟩ Aṉaittāyaṅkaḷum Uṭpaṭa tevar tirumukam kuṭuttaruḷiṉapaṭiye Ūr kāvalppe(r)

⟨12⟩ koḷḷum kāvalppeṟu nīkki nāṅkaḷ koḷḷakkaṭava Arippāṭikāval

⟨13⟩ Āḷuṭaiyanāyaṉārkku nirvārttuk kuṭuttom [|] Ippaṭikkut taṅkaḷūril

⟨14⟩ koyilile kalluveṭṭivittuk koḷvate [|] Ivai nilakaṅkaraya ṉeḻuttu Eṉṟu

⟨15⟩ piḷḷaiyār pañcanativāṇaṉāṉa nilakaṅkarayar śāsaṉappaṭi kalveṭṭiyatu poṉ

Apparatus

⟨2⟩ bharatamallo • In the Tiruvaṇṇāmalai inscription he is styled paratamvallaperumāḷ (A.R. No. 480 of 1902).

Bibliography

Digital edition of SII 12.120 by Venkatasubba Ayyar 1943 converted to DHARMA conventions by Emmanuel Francis.

Primary

[SII] Venkatasubba Ayyar, V. 1943. South Indian inscriptions. Volume XII: The Pallavas (with introductory notes in English). South Indian Inscriptions 12. Madras: Government Press. Pages 58–59, item 120.

Notes

  1. 1. [This refers perhaps to Gaṇḍapeṇḍāra - Ed].

  2. 2. cf. Mallai-vēndaṉ in No. 128 below.

  3. 3. cf. Kāñchī-Nāyaka in a record from Tirupati.

  4. 4. A.R. No. 2 of 1911.

  5. 5. A.R. No. 4 of 1911.

  6. 6. A.R. No. 306 of 1909.

  7. 7. No. 212 below.

  8. 8. A.R. Nos. 3, 5 and 11 of 1911.