SII 3.193: original edition by H. Krishna Sastri

Alternative title: “XV.—INSCRIPTIONS OF PARTHIVENDRAVARMAN OR PARTHIVENDRADHIPATIVARMAN, ‘WHO TOOK THE HEAD OF VIRA-PANDYA.’ No. 193.—ON THE NORTH WALL OF THE VAIKUNTHA-PERUMAL TEMPLE AT UTTARAMALLUR. No. 32 of 1898.”

Author of digital edition: Emmanuel Francis (emfr).

Summary: This document records that the village assembly of Uttaramēru-chaturvēdimaṅgalam or Uttaramallūr-chaturvēdimaṅgalam freed from taxes certain lands given to an image, which Villavaṉ-Mahādēviyār,¹ queen of Pārthivēndrādhipativarman, had set up in the temple of the god of Tiruvayōdhyai in this village. The members of the assembly received pūrvāchāram² from the queen before they made the lands tax-free.

Language: Tamil (tam) [Grantha (grantha), Tamil (tamil)].

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0193.

File path: SII03/DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0193.xml.

Version: 2026-02-16 19:07 (e26532d), last modified 2026-02-16 19:07 (e26532d).

Edition

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī [||] ko pā⟨r⟩ttiventirātipativa⟨n⟩ma⟨r⟩kku yāṇṭu 10 1 <nāḷ> 3 100 2 10 4 kāliyūrkoṭṭattu tankūṟṟu Uttaramerucat¿a?¿vye?timaṅkalatu peruṅkuṟi sabhaiyom Eṅkaḷūrt tiruvaiyodyai perumānaṭikaḷukku Uṭaiyār de(vi)yār villavaṉm¿ā?h¿a?deviyār tām Eḻuntaruḷuvitta tirumeṉikkum ś⟨r⟩īkoyilukkum ś⟨r⟩ībalikkum Arccanābhogattukkum vaitta bhūmi [|] Uttarameruva⟨⟨ti⟩⟩yiṉ meṟkku mutaṟkkaṇṇāṟu sarasuvativākkāli(ṉ) vaṭakku

⟨2⟩ nālā¿(ṅ)? cātukkattum Añcāñ catukkattum Āṟāñ catukkattu⟨m⟩ Āka talaitaraṅ kuḻi Āyirattu Eḻunūṟṟu Aṟupatu vayiramekavatiyiṉ teṟkku Amaṉinārāyaṇavatikku meṟkku Iraṇṭāṅ kaṇṇāṟṟu Añcā⟨ñ⟩ catu⟨k⟩kattu talaitaraṅ kuḻi Eḻunūṟṟu nāṟpatu (va)yirameka(va)tiyiṉ teṟ(k)ku nālāṅ kaṇṇāṟṟu Avanināraṇavatiyiṉ meṟkku Iraṇṭā⟨ñ⟩ catukkattu talaita⟨ra⟩ṅ kuḻi nānūṟṟu Irupatum Āka kuḻi Iraṇṭāyirattu toḷḷā-

⟨3⟩ yirattu Irupatum deviyār villavaṉ m¿ā?h¿a?deviyāriṭai pū⟨r⟩vva¿j?āra(ṅ) ko⟨ṇṭu⟩ cantrātittavaṟ{kku} Iṟaiyiliyākap paṇittom peruṅkuṟi sabhaiyom I¿śama?ttukku virotam niṉṟārai (śra){t}ddhāman=tare Irupatt{ut}ai¿ñ?kaḻañ(cu po)ṉ daṇṭapaṭuvatāka⟨vu⟩(m) Itanma⟨m⟩ rakṣippār ṣripādadhūḷi I¿pama?ñceyta villavaṉm¿ā?hādeviyār tirumuṭimelanavākavum Idhanmattukku A¿y?ta¿nṟe?ṉṟār geṅ⟨k⟩ai (Iṭai)

⟨4⟩ kumari⟨yi⟩ṭai c(e)tār ceta pāvam paṭuka Ipparicu Iṟaiyiḻicci ¿ślā?lekhai ceytu kuṭu⟨t⟩tom Uttaram¿e?ll¿uc?atu¿vye?timaṅkalattu p¿o?ruṅkuṟi sabhaiyo⟨m⟩ māsabhaiyuḷḷiruntu m¿ā?hāsabhai paṇ¿a?kka E(ḻu)tineṉ madhyastan (śi)vadāsan Ayyā⟨yira⟩ttirunūṟṟuva(bra)hma(pri)yaṉena (śrī) ||~

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī [||] ko pā⟨r⟩ttiventirātipativa⟨n⟩ma⟨r⟩kku yāṇṭu 10 1 <nāḷ> 3 100 2 10 4 kāliyūrkoṭṭattu tankūṟṟu Uttaramerucat¿a?⟨u⟩¿vye?⟨rvve⟩timaṅkalatu peruṅkuṟi sabhaiyom Eṅkaḷūrt tiruvaiyodyai perumānaṭikaḷukku Uṭaiyār de(vi)yār villavaṉm¿ā?⟨a⟩h¿a?⟨ā⟩deviyār tām Eḻuntaruḷuvitta tirumeṉikkum ś⟨r⟩īkoyilukkum ś⟨r⟩ībalikkum Arccanābhogattukkum vaitta bhūmi [|] Uttarameruva⟨⟨ti⟩⟩yiṉ meṟkku mutaṟkkaṇṇāṟu sarasuvativākkāli(ṉ) vaṭakku ⟨2⟩ nālā¿(ṅ)?⟨ñ⟩ cātukkattum Añcāñ catukkattum Āṟāñ catukkattu⟨m⟩ Āka talaitaraṅ kuḻi Āyirattu Eḻunūṟṟu Aṟupatu vayiramekavatiyiṉ teṟkku Amaṉinārāyaṇavatikku meṟkku Iraṇṭāṅ kaṇṇāṟṟu Añcā⟨ñ⟩ catu⟨k⟩kattu talaitaraṅ kuḻi Eḻunūṟṟu nāṟpatu (va)yirameka(va)tiyiṉ teṟ(k)ku nālāṅ kaṇṇāṟṟu Avanināraṇavatiyiṉ meṟkku Iraṇṭā⟨ñ⟩ catukkattu talaita⟨ra⟩ṅ kuḻi nānūṟṟu Irupatum Āka kuḻi Iraṇṭāyirattu toḷḷā⟨3⟩yirattu Irupatum deviyār villavaṉ m¿ā?⟨a⟩h¿a?⟨ā⟩deviyāriṭai pū⟨r⟩vva¿j?⟨c⟩āra(ṅ) ko⟨ṇṭu⟩ cantrātittavaṟ{kku} Iṟaiyiliyākap paṇittom peruṅkuṟi sabhaiyom I¿śama?⟨dharma⟩ttukku virotam niṉṟārai (śra){t}ddhāman=tare Irupatt{ut}ai¿ñ?⟨ṅ⟩kaḻañ(cu po)ṉ daṇṭapaṭuvatāka⟨vu⟩(m) Itanma⟨m⟩ rakṣippār ṣripādadhūḷi I¿pama?⟨dharma⟩ñceyta villavaṉm¿ā?⟨a⟩hādeviyār tirumuṭimelanavākavum Idhanmattukku A¿y?⟨hi⟩ta¿nṟe?⟨M ni⟩ṉṟār geṅ⟨k⟩ai (Iṭai) ⟨4⟩ kumari⟨yi⟩ṭai c(e)tār ceta pāvam paṭuka Ipparicu Iṟaiyiḻicci ¿ślā?⟨śilā⟩lekhai ceytu kuṭu⟨t⟩tom Uttaram¿e?⟨a⟩ll¿uc?⟨ūr c⟩atu¿vye?⟨rvve⟩timaṅkalattu p¿o?⟨e⟩ruṅkuṟi sabhaiyo⟨m⟩ māsabhaiyuḷḷiruntu m¿ā?⟨a⟩hāsabhai paṇ¿a?⟨i⟩kka E(ḻu)tineṉ madhyastan (śi)vadāsan Ayyā⟨yira⟩ttirunūṟṟuva(bra)hma(pri)yaṉena (śrī) ||~

Apparatus

⟨1⟩ kāliyūrkoṭṭattu • The i sign in li is made with a loop to the right like the modern sign for long ī. This remark applies to many similar cases in this inscription.

⟨3⟩ niṉṟārai • The length of ṟā is indicated by a separate symbol. — ⟨3⟩ Aytanṟeṉṟār • Read AhitaM niṉṟār.

Translation by Krishna Sastri 1920

(Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! In the 11th year (and) the 324th day of (the reign of) king Pārthivēndrādhipativarman, we (the members) of the big assembly of Uttaramēru-chaturvēdimaṅgalam, (a village) in its (own) subdivision in Kāliyūr-kōṭṭam (wrote thus). The (following) lands were given by Villavaṉ-Mahādēviyār, the queen of the lord (i.e., the king), for the image and for the śrīkōvil, which she had set up to the god (perumāṉaḍigaḷ) of Tiruvayōdhyai in our village and for śrībali and archanābhōga:—one thousand seven hundred and sixty kuḻi in all, of first rate (land) in the fourth, fifth and sixth śadukkam (situated) north of (the channel called) Sarasvati-vāykkāl of the first kaṇṇāṟu to the west of (the path called) Uttaramēru-vadi; seven hundred and forty kuḻi of first rate (land) in the fifth śadukkam of the second kaṇṇāṟu (situated) to the west of (the path called) Amaninārāyaṇa-vadi south of (the path called) Vayiramēga-vadi; (and) four hundred and twenty kuḻi of first rate (land) in the second śadukkam to the west of (the path called) Avaninārāyaṇavadi of the fourth kaṇṇāṟu (situated) to the south of (the path called) Vayiramēgavadi.

(L. 2.) We, (the members) of the big assembly, having received pūrvāchāram from queen Villavaṉ-Mahādēviyār ordered the total (extent) of (these) two thousand nine hundred and twenty kuḻi (of land) to be free from taxes as long as the moon and sun (last). The śraddhāmantas³ themselves shall impose⁴ a fine of twenty-five kaḻañju of gold on those who obstruct this charity. The dust of the sacred feet of those who protect this charity shall be on the glorious crown of Villavaṉ-Mahādēviyār who founded this charity. Those who are opposed to this charity shall incur the sins of those who have committed (sins) between Gangā and Kumari. We, (the members) of the big assembly of Uttaramallūr-chaturvēdimaṅgalam having made (the lands) tax-free, had this donation engraved on stone. I, Śivadāsaṉ Aiyāyirattirunūṟṟuva-Brahmapriyaṉ, the arbitrator, being (present) in the big assembly, wrote (this) at the command of the big assembly. Prosperity !

Bibliography

Digital edition of SII 3.193 by Krishna Sastri 1920 converted to DHARMA conventions by Emmanuel Francis.

Primary

[SII] Krishna Sastri, H. 1920. South-Indian inscriptions. Volume III: Miscellaneous inscriptions from the Tamil country. Part III: Inscriptions of Aditya I, Parantaka I, Madiraikonda, Rajakesarivarman, Parantaka II, Uttama-Chola, Parthivendravarman and Aditya-Karikala and the Tiruvalangadu plates of Rajendra-Chola I. South Indian Inscriptions 3.3. Madras: Government Press. Pages 368–370, item 193.

Notes

1. The first component of the name seems to denote the Chēra lineage of the queen.
2. The term pūrvāchāram, which occurs in several inscriptions from Uttaramallūr, has not been satisfactorily explained.
3. The word Śraddhāmantar is translated by Dr. Hultzsch by ‘thorough indifference’—(Sanskrit śraddhām + antara-without attachment). I do not think this meaning was intended. Rather the term must mean quite the opposite, viz., those who take deep interest (in the temple).
4. taṇṭapaṭuvatākavum is incorrect, since the śraddhāmantas were to impose the fine on the obstructors and not to pay it themselves. Consequently the correct form would be taṇṭamiṭuvatākavum; see No. 194 below.

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<title>SII 3.193: original edition by H. Krishna Sastri</title>

<title type="alt">XV.—INSCRIPTIONS OF PARTHIVENDRAVARMAN OR PARTHIVENDRADHIPATIVARMAN, ‘WHO TOOK THE HEAD OF VIRA-PANDYA.’ No. 193.—ON THE NORTH WALL OF THE VAIKUNTHA-PERUMAL TEMPLE AT UTTARAMALLUR. No. 32 of 1898.</title>

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<p>This document records that the village assembly of <hi rend="bold">Uttaramēru-chaturvēdimaṅgalam</hi> or <hi rend="bold">Uttaramallūr-chaturvēdimaṅgalam</hi> freed from taxes certain lands given to an image, which <hi rend="bold">Villavaṉ-Mahādēviyār</hi>,<note>The first component of the name seems to denote the Chēra lineage of the queen.</note> queen of <hi rend="bold">Pārthivēndrādhipativarman</hi>, had set up in the temple of the god of <hi rend="bold">Tiruvayōdhyai</hi> in this village. The members of the assembly received <hi rend="italic">pūrvāchāram</hi><note>The term <hi rend="italic">pūrvāchāram</hi>, which occurs in several inscriptions from Uttaramallūr, has not been satisfactorily explained.</note> from the queen before they made the lands tax-free.</p>

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<lb n="1"/><hi rend="grantha">svasti śrī</hi> <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="ddanda">.</g></supplied> ko pā<supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied>ttiventirātipativa<supplied reason="omitted">n</supplied><hi rend="grantha">ma</hi><supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied>kku yāṇṭu <num value="11"><g type="numeral">10</g> 1</num> <g type="nāḷ"/> <num value="324">3 <g type="numeral">100</g> 2 <g type="numeral">10</g> 4</num> kāliyūrkoṭṭattu tankūṟṟu Uttaramerucat<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>u</corr></choice><hi rend="grantha"><choice><sic>vye</sic><corr>rvve</corr></choice></hi>timaṅkalatu peruṅkuṟi <hi rend="grantha">sabhai</hi>yom Eṅkaḷūrt tiru<hi rend="grantha">vai</hi>yo<hi rend="grantha">dyai</hi> perumānaṭikaḷukku Uṭ<hi rend="grantha">ai</hi>yār <hi rend="grantha">de</hi><unclear>vi</unclear>yār villavaṉ<hi rend="grantha">m<choice><sic>ā</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>h<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>de</hi>viyār tām Eḻuntaruḷuvitta tirumeṉikkum <hi rend="grantha">ś<supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied></hi>īkoyilukkum <hi rend="grantha">ś<supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied>ībali</hi>kkum <hi rend="grantha">Arcca</hi>nā<hi rend="grantha">bhoga</hi>ttukkum vaitta <hi rend="grantha">bhūmi</hi> <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="danda">.</g></supplied> Uttarameruva<add place="below">ti</add>yiṉ meṟkku mutaṟkkaṇṇāṟu <hi rend="grantha">sarasu</hi>vativākkāli<unclear>ṉ</unclear> vaṭakku

<lb n="2"/>nālā<choice><sic><unclear>ṅ</unclear></sic><corr>ñ</corr></choice> cātukkattum Añcāñ catukkattum Āṟāñ catukkattu<supplied reason="omitted">m</supplied> Āka talaitaraṅ kuḻi Āyirattu Eḻunūṟṟu Aṟupatu vayiramekavatiyiṉ teṟkku Amaṉinārāyaṇavatikku meṟkku Iraṇṭāṅ kaṇṇāṟṟu Añcā<supplied reason="omitted">ñ</supplied> catu<supplied reason="omitted">k</supplied>kattu talaitaraṅ kuḻi Eḻunūṟṟu nāṟpatu <unclear>va</unclear>yirameka<unclear>va</unclear>tiyiṉ teṟ<unclear>k</unclear>ku nālāṅ kaṇṇāṟṟu Avanināraṇavatiyiṉ meṟkku Iraṇṭā<supplied reason="omitted">ñ</supplied> catukkattu talaita<supplied reason="omitted">ra</supplied>ṅ kuḻi nānūṟṟu Irupatum Āka kuḻi Iraṇṭāyirattu toḷḷā

<lb n="3" break="no"/>yirattu Irupatum <hi rend="grantha">de</hi>viyār villavaṉ <hi rend="grantha">m<choice><sic>ā</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>h<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>de</hi>viyāriṭai <hi rend="grantha">pū<supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied>vva<choice><sic>j</sic><corr>c</corr></choice>ā</hi>ra<unclear>ṅ</unclear> ko<supplied reason="omitted">ṇṭu</supplied> <hi rend="grantha">cantrā</hi>tittavaṟ<surplus>kku</surplus> Iṟaiyiliyākap paṇittom peruṅkuṟi <hi rend="grantha">sabhai</hi>yom I<choice><sic><hi rend="grantha">śa</hi>ma</sic><corr><hi rend="grantha">dharma</hi></corr></choice>ttukku virotam niṉṟārai <hi rend="grantha"><unclear>śra</unclear></hi><surplus>t</surplus><hi rend="grantha">ddhāma</hi>n=ta<hi rend="grantha">re</hi> Irupatt<surplus>ut</surplus>ai<choice><sic>ñ</sic><corr>ṅ</corr></choice>kaḻañ<unclear>cu po</unclear>ṉ <hi rend="grantha">da</hi>ṇṭapaṭuvatāka<supplied reason="omitted">vu</supplied><unclear>m</unclear> Ita<hi rend="grantha">nma<supplied reason="omitted">m</supplied> rakṣi</hi>ppār <hi rend="grantha">ṣripādadhūḷi</hi> I<choice><sic>pa<hi rend="grantha">ma</hi></sic><corr><hi rend="grantha">dharma</hi></corr></choice>ñceyta villavaṉ<hi rend="grantha">m<choice><sic>ā</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>hāde</hi>viyār tirumuṭimelanavākavum I<hi rend="grantha">dhanma</hi>ttukku <hi rend="grantha">A</hi><choice><sic>y</sic><corr><hi rend="grantha">hi</hi></corr></choice>ta<choice><sic>nṟe</sic><corr><hi rend="grantha">M</hi> ni</corr></choice>ṉṟār <hi rend="grantha">ge</hi>ṅ<supplied reason="omitted">k</supplied>ai <unclear>Iṭai</unclear>

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<lem> kāliyūrkoṭṭattu</lem>

<note>The <foreign>i</foreign> sign in <foreign>li</foreign> is made with a loop to the right like the modern sign for long <foreign>ī</foreign>. This remark applies to many similar cases in this inscription.</note>

</app>

<lem>niṉṟārai</lem>

<note>The length of <foreign>ṟā</foreign> is indicated by a separate symbol.</note>

</app>

<lem><hi rend="grantha">A</hi>ytanṟeṉṟār</lem>

<note>Read <foreign><hi rend="grantha">Ahi</hi>ta<hi rend="grantha">M</hi> niṉṟār</foreign>.</note>

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<p>(Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! In the 11th year (<hi rend="italic">and</hi>) the 324th day of (<hi rend="italic">the reign of</hi>) king <hi rend="bold">Pārthivēndrādhipativarman</hi>, we (<hi rend="italic">the members</hi>) of the big assembly of <hi rend="bold">Uttaramēru-chaturvēdimaṅgalam</hi>, (<hi rend="italic">a village</hi>) in its (<hi rend="italic">own</hi>) subdivision in <hi rend="bold">Kāliyūr-kōṭṭam</hi> (<hi rend="italic">wrote thus</hi>). The (<hi rend="italic">following</hi>) lands were given by <hi rend="bold">Villavaṉ-Mahādēviyār</hi>, the queen of the lord (<hi rend="italic">i.e.</hi>, the king), for the image and for the <hi rend="italic">śrīkōvil</hi>, which she had set up to the god (<hi rend="italic">perumāṉaḍigaḷ</hi>) of <hi rend="bold">Tiruvayōdhyai</hi> in our village and for <hi rend="italic">śrībali</hi> and <hi rend="italic">archanābhōga:</hi>—one thousand seven hundred and sixty <hi rend="italic">kuḻi</hi> in all, of first rate (<hi rend="italic">land</hi>) in the fourth, fifth and sixth <hi rend="italic">śadukkam (situated</hi>) north of (<hi rend="italic">the channel called</hi>) <hi rend="bold">Sarasvati-vāykkāl</hi> of the first <hi rend="italic">kaṇṇāṟu</hi> to the west of (<hi rend="italic">the path called</hi>) <hi rend="bold">Uttaramēru-vadi</hi>; seven hundred and forty <hi rend="italic">kuḻi</hi> of first rate (<hi rend="italic">land</hi>) in the fifth <hi rend="italic">śadukkam</hi> of the second <hi rend="italic">kaṇṇāṟu (situated</hi>) to the west of (<hi rend="italic">the path called</hi>) <hi rend="bold">Amaninārāyaṇa-vadi</hi> south of (<hi rend="italic">the path called</hi>) <hi rend="bold">Vayiramēga-vadi</hi>; (<hi rend="italic">and</hi>) four hundred and twenty <hi rend="italic">kuḻi</hi> of first rate (<hi rend="italic">land</hi>) in the second <hi rend="italic">śadukkam</hi> to the west of (<hi rend="italic">the path called</hi>) <hi rend="bold">Avaninārāyaṇavadi</hi> of the fourth <hi rend="italic">kaṇṇāṟu (situated</hi>) to the south of (<hi rend="italic">the path called</hi>) <hi rend="bold">Vayiramēgavadi</hi>.</p>

<p>(L. 2.) We, (<hi rend="italic">the members</hi>) of the big assembly, having received <hi rend="italic">pūrvāchāram</hi> from queen <hi rend="bold">Villavaṉ-Mahādēviyār</hi> ordered the total (<hi rend="italic">extent</hi>) of (<hi rend="italic">these</hi>) two thousand nine hundred and twenty <hi rend="italic">kuḻi (of land</hi>) to be free from taxes as long as the moon and sun (<hi rend="italic">last</hi>). The <hi rend="italic">śraddhāmantas</hi><note>The word <foreign>Śraddhāmantar</foreign> is translated by Dr. Hultzsch by ‘thorough indifference’—(Sanskrit <foreign>śraddhām + antara</foreign>-without attachment). I do not think this meaning was intended. Rather the term must mean quite the opposite, <hi rend="italic">viz.</hi>, those who take deep interest (<hi rend="italic">in the temple</hi>).</note> themselves shall impose<note><foreign>taṇṭapaṭuvatākavum</foreign> is incorrect, since the <foreign>śraddhāmantas</foreign> were to impose the fine on the obstructors and not to pay it themselves. Consequently the correct form would be <foreign>taṇṭamiṭuvatākavum;</foreign> see No. <ref target="DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0194">194</ref> below.</note> a fine of twenty-five <hi rend="italic">kaḻañju</hi> of gold on those who obstruct this charity. The dust of the sacred feet of those who protect this charity shall be on the glorious crown of <hi rend="bold">Villavaṉ-Mahādēviyār</hi> who founded this charity. Those who are opposed to this charity shall incur the sins of those who have committed (<hi rend="italic">sins</hi>) between <hi rend="bold">Gangā</hi> and <hi rend="bold">Kumari</hi>. We, (<hi rend="italic">the members</hi>) of the big assembly of <hi rend="bold">Uttaramallūr-chaturvēdimaṅgalam</hi> having made (<hi rend="italic">the lands</hi>) tax-free, had this donation engraved on stone. I, <hi rend="bold">Śivadāsaṉ Aiyāyirattirunūṟṟuva-Brahmapriyaṉ</hi>, the arbitrator, being (<hi rend="italic">present</hi>) in the big assembly, wrote (<hi rend="italic">this</hi>) at the command of the big assembly. Prosperity !</p>

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<p>Digital edition of SII 3.193 by <bibl><ptr target="bib:KrishnaSastri1920_01"/></bibl> converted to DHARMA conventions by Emmanuel Francis.</p>

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