SII 3.92: original edition by H. Krishna Sastri

Alternative title: “No. 92.—ON A BOULDER IN FRONT OF A NATURAL CAVE AT VEDAL. No. 84 of 1908.”

Author of digital edition: Emmanuel Francis (emfr).

Summary: This inscription is dated in the 14th year of Rājakēsarivarman and provides for feeding the female Jain ascetic Kanakavīrakurattiyār, who was a disciple of Guṇakīrtti-Bhaṭāra, and her pupils. Veḍāl, called Viḍāl [alias] Mādēvi-Ārāndimaṅgalam in the inscription, is said to have been situated to the east¹ of Śiṅgapura-nāḍu. The archaic characters in which the record is written would indicate that Rājakēsarivarman must be identical with Āditya I.

Language: Tamil (tam) [Tamil (tamil)].

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0092.

File path: SII03/DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0092.xml.

Version: 2025-12-16 18:11 (68dd2cc), last modified 2025-12-08 15:20 (662cdcc).

Edition

TEXT.

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī [||] kovirācakecariparma⟨r⟩kku yāṇṭu pati nālāvatu ci-
⟨2⟩ ṅkapuranāṭṭukkīḻvaḻi viṭāl māteviĀrāntimaṅkala-
⟨3⟩ muṭ¿a?ya kuṇakirttipaṭārarvaḻi māṇākkiyār kaṉakavira(kku)ratti-
⟨4⟩ yāraiyum mavarvaḻi māṇākkiyāraiyum tāp¿i?si(ka)ḷ nānūṟṟuvarkkum
⟨5⟩ koḷḷātamaiyil Ik(koyi)ṟpiḷḷaikaḷainnūṟṟuvarkkum vaḻiIlāruṅ
⟨6⟩ kāttūṭṭuvomāṉom [||] Eṅkaḷu(ṭai)ya svarakṣai Itu Irakṣi⟨p⟩p(ā)raṭini(lai E)ṅkaḷ
⟨7⟩ (ta)laimelaṉa [||] māteviArān(ti)maṅkalamuṭaiya (kaṉa)kavirakkurattiyār-
⟨8⟩ t taṅka [*] r makaḷātaṉamaiyil [****]
⟨9⟩ mukkiyarumitu (kā)ppār [||] Avarkaḷ svarakṣai Itaṉai Irakṣippāra-
⟨10⟩ ṭi ni(lai) Eṉ talaimelaṉa [||]

On the side.

⟨11⟩ [**] ṭanuṅ kāḻānu⟨m⟩ mu-
⟨12⟩ talākiya māteviĀ-
⟨13⟩ rāntimaṅkalamuṭaiya
⟨14⟩ kanakavirakkurattiyār taṅ-
⟨15⟩ kaḷ makaḷārātinamaiyil
⟨16⟩ Ituvellān taṅ-
⟨17⟩ kaḷ kāval [||] Itaṉai tiṅ-
⟨18⟩ ku niṉaittā¿n? kaṅk¿a?Iṭaik kumariIṭai
⟨19⟩ Eḻunūṟṟu kātamuñceyta pāva-
⟨20⟩ ṅ koḷvār kāva(la)nukku (piḻai)ttā-
⟨21⟩ rāvār ||~||௳

Apparatus

⟨1⟩ pati • The letter ti has also the vowel-sign u attached to it.

⟨2⟩ ... • A symbol resembling ṟa is seen at the beginning of this line; but it is not likely that it belongs to it.

Translation by Krishna Sastri 1920

(Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! In the 14th year of (the reign of) king Rājakēsarivarman, we, the lay disciples (of this school), have undertaken to protect and feed Kanakavīrakurattiyār, a female disciple and follower of Guṇakīrti-Bhaṭāra, of Viḍāl [alias] Mādēvi-Ārāndimaṅgalam on the eastern side (kīḻvaḻi) of Śiṅgapuranāḍu and the lady pupils of her following, since there has been a disagreement between the five hundred pupils (piḷḷai) of this kōyil (monastery ?) and the four hundred female ascetics. (This charity remains under) our own protection. The sandals of those who maintain this (shall rest) on our heads.

(L. 7.) As Kanakavīrakurattiyār of Mādēvi-Ārāndimaṅgalam is the daughter of . . . . the chief men of . . . . shall protect this. (This shall be under) their own protection. The sandals of those who protect this shall be on our heads. As Kanakavīrakurattiyār of Mādēvi-Ārāndimaṅgalam is the daughter of you, viz., Kāḻāṉ . . . and others, all this shall be (under) your watch. Those who think of injuring this (charity), shall incur the sin committed (by the people living) in the 700 kādam between Gaṅgā (the Ganges) and Kumari (Cape Comorin), and shall (also) be traitors to the king.

Commentary

The construction of the two sentences in the inscription is somewhat vague. The words “koḷḷātamaiyil” in line 5 and “māteviĀrāntimaṅkalamuṭaiya kanakavirakkurattiyār” in line 12f. have been evidently misplaced. For a proper and connected understanding of the sentences the first has to come after “piḷḷaikaḷainnūṟṟuvarkkum” in the same line and the second at the beginning of line 11.

Bibliography

Digital edition of SII 3.92 by Krishna Sastri 1920 converted to DHARMA conventions by Emmanuel Francis.

Primary

[SII] Krishna Sastri, H. 1920. South-Indian inscriptions. Volume III: Miscellaneous inscriptions from the Tamil country. Part III: Inscriptions of Aditya I, Parantaka I, Madiraikonda, Rajakesarivarman, Parantaka II, Uttama-Chola, Parthivendravarman and Aditya-Karikala and the Tiruvalangadu plates of Rajendra-Chola I. South Indian Inscriptions 3.3. Madras: Government Press. Pages 224–225, item 92.

Notes

1. Compare kiḻvaḻi (i.e. the eastern path or side) with Uttarāpatha and Dakshiṇāpatha, north and south respectively, of other records.

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<title>SII 3.92: original edition by H. Krishna Sastri</title>

<title type="alt">No. 92.—ON A BOULDER IN FRONT OF A NATURAL CAVE AT VEDAL. No. 84 of 1908.</title>

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<p>This inscription is dated in the 14th year of <hi rend="bold">Rājakēsarivarman</hi> and provides for feeding the female Jain ascetic <hi rend="bold">Kanakavīrakurattiyār</hi>, who was a disciple of <hi rend="bold">Guṇakīrtti-Bhaṭāra</hi>, and her pupils. <hi rend="bold">Veḍāl</hi>, called <hi rend="bold">Viḍāl</hi> <hi rend="italic">[alias]</hi> <hi rend="bold">Mādēvi-Ārāndimaṅgalam</hi> in the inscription, is said to have been situated to the east<note>Compare <hi rend="italic">kiḻvaḻi</hi> (<hi rend="italic">i.e.</hi> the eastern path or side) with <hi rend="italic">Uttarāpatha</hi> and <hi rend="italic">Dakshiṇāpatha</hi>, north and south respectively, of other records.</note> of <hi rend="bold">Śiṅgapura-nāḍu</hi>. The archaic characters in which the record is written would indicate that <hi rend="bold">Rājakēsarivarman</hi> must be identical with <hi rend="bold">Āditya</hi> I.</p>

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<lb n="2" break="no"/>ṅkapuranāṭṭukkīḻvaḻi viṭāl māteviĀrāntimaṅkala

<lb n="3" break="no"/>muṭ<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ai</corr></choice>ya kuṇakirttipaṭārarvaḻi māṇākkiyār kaṉakavira<unclear>kku</unclear>ratti

<lb n="4" break="no"/>yāraiyum mavarvaḻi māṇākkiyāraiyum tāp<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>a</corr></choice><hi rend="grantha">si</hi><unclear>ka</unclear>ḷ nānūṟṟuvarkkum

<lb n="5"/>koḷḷātamaiyil Ik<unclear>koyi</unclear>ṟpiḷḷaikaḷainnūṟṟuvarkkum vaḻiIlāruṅ

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<lb n="8" break="no"/>t taṅka <gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/> r makaḷātaṉamaiyil <gap reason="lost" quantity="4" unit="character"/>

<lb n="9"/>mukkiyarumitu <unclear>kā</unclear>ppār <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="ddanda">.</g></supplied> Avarkaḷ <hi rend="grantha">sva</hi>ra<hi rend="grantha">kṣai</hi> Itaṉai Ira<hi rend="grantha">kṣi</hi>ppāra

<lb n="10" break="no"/>ṭi ni<unclear>lai</unclear> Eṉ talaimelaṉa <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="ddanda">.</g></supplied>

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<lb n="11"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/> ṭanuṅ kāḻānu<supplied reason="omitted">m</supplied> mu

<lb n="12" break="no"/>talākiya māteviĀ

<lb n="13" break="no"/>rāntimaṅkalamuṭaiya

<lb n="14"/>kanakavirakkurattiyār taṅ

<lb n="15" break="no"/>kaḷ makaḷārātinamaiyil

<lb n="16"/>Ituvellān taṅ

<lb n="17" break="no"/>kaḷ kāval <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="ddanda">.</g></supplied> Itaṉai tiṅ

<lb n="18" break="no"/>ku niṉaittā<choice><sic>n</sic><corr>r</corr></choice> kaṅk<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ai</corr></choice>Iṭaik kumariIṭai

<lb n="19"/>Eḻunūṟṟu kātamuñceyta pāva

<lb n="20" break="no"/>ṅ koḷvār kāva<unclear>la</unclear>nukku <unclear>piḻai</unclear>ttā

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<note>The letter <foreign>ti</foreign> has also the vowel-sign <foreign>u</foreign> attached to it.</note>

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<note>A symbol resembling <foreign>ṟa</foreign> is seen at the beginning of this line; but it is not likely that it belongs to it.</note>

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<p>(Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! In the 14th year of (<hi rend="italic">the reign of</hi>) king <hi rend="bold">Rājakēsarivarman</hi>, we, the lay disciples (<hi rend="italic">of this school</hi>), have undertaken to protect and feed <hi rend="bold">Kanakavīrakurattiyār</hi>, a female disciple and follower of <hi rend="bold">Guṇakīrti-Bhaṭāra</hi>, of Viḍāl <hi rend="italic">[alias]</hi> <hi rend="bold">Mādēvi-Ārāndimaṅgalam</hi> on the eastern side (<hi rend="italic">kīḻvaḻi</hi>) of <hi rend="bold">Śiṅgapuranāḍu</hi> and the lady pupils of her following, since there has been a disagreement between the five hundred pupils (<foreign>piḷḷai</foreign>) of this <hi rend="italic">kōyil (monastery ?</hi>) and the four hundred female ascetics. (<hi rend="italic">This charity remains under</hi>) our own protection. The sandals of those who maintain this (<hi rend="italic">shall rest</hi>) on our heads.</p>

<p>(L. 7.) As <hi rend="bold">Kanakavīrakurattiyār</hi> of <hi rend="bold">Mādēvi-Ārāndimaṅgalam</hi> is the daughter of . . . . the chief men of . . . . shall protect this. (<hi rend="italic">This shall be under</hi>) their own protection. The sandals of those who protect this shall be on our heads. As <hi rend="bold">Kanakavīrakurattiyār</hi> of <hi rend="bold">Mādēvi-Ārāndimaṅgalam</hi> is the daughter of you, <hi rend="italic">viz.</hi>, Kāḻāṉ . . . and others, all this shall be (<hi rend="italic">under</hi>) your watch. Those who think of injuring this (<hi rend="italic">charity</hi>), shall incur the sin committed (<hi rend="italic">by the people living</hi>) in the 700 <hi rend="italic">kādam</hi> between Gaṅgā (<hi rend="italic">the Ganges</hi>) and Kumari (Cape Comorin), and shall (<hi rend="italic">also</hi>) be traitors to the king.</p>

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<p>The construction of the two sentences in the inscription is somewhat vague. The words “<foreign>koḷḷātamaiyil”</foreign> in line 5 and “<foreign>māteviĀrāntimaṅkalamuṭaiya kanakavirakkurattiyār</foreign>” in line 12f. have been evidently misplaced. For a proper and connected understanding of the sentences the first has to come after “<foreign>piḷḷaikaḷainnūṟṟuvarkkum</foreign>” in the same line and the second at the beginning of line 11.</p>

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<p>Digital edition of SII 3.92 by <bibl><ptr target="bib:KrishnaSastri1920_01"/></bibl> converted to DHARMA conventions by Emmanuel Francis.</p>

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