SII 3.44: original edition by Eugen Julius Theodor Hultzsch

Alternative title: “No. 44.—ON THE NORTH WALL OF THE MAHAMANDAPA IN THE BILVANATHESVA A TEMPLE.”

Author of digital edition: Emmanuel Francis (emfr).

Summary: As stated in the introductory remarks to No. 43, the subjoined inscription was copied from an earlier stone inscription when the maṇḍapa of the temple was pulled down and re-erected. It is dated in the Śaka year 810 (in words, l. 4 f.) and in the time of a Bāṇa chief who is not mentioned by name, but only by his title Mahāvalivāṇarāja (l. 3 f.).

The inscription records that a Brāhmaṇa of Eṭṭukkūr near Kāvirippākkam (ll. 10 to 12) paid 25 kaḻañju of gold to the villagers of Vaṉṉipēḍu (ll. 5 and 19), who, in return, pledged themselves to supply oil to a lamp in the temple. Kāvirippākkam is the modern Kāvēripākkam,¹ and Vaṉṉipēḍu is the modern Vaṉṉivēḍu,² about a mile south of Wālājāpēṭ. At the time of the inscription Vaṉṉipēḍu belonged to Kārai-nāḍu, a subdivision of the district of Paḍuvūr-kōṭṭam (l. 5). Kārai-nāḍu owes its name to Kārai,³ a village on the north of Rāṇipēṭ.

Language: Tamil (tam).

Version: 2025-09-30 18:28 (7b9d724), last modified 2025-09-19 10:11 (c9e21e6).

Edition

⟨1⟩ (sva)sti (śrī) [||]
⟨2⟩ sakalajaka(tra)yāti(va)n=titasur(ā)surādhīśa-
⟨3⟩ {pura}(pa)rameśvarapratih(ārī)kṛtamahāvali-
⟨4⟩ vā¿ṉ?arā(ja)r (caka)r yāṇṭu Eṇ(ṇū)ṟṟorupatāva-
⟨5⟩ tu paṭuvūrk=koṭṭattuk=kāraināṭ(ṭu) vann¡ī!peṭākiya
⟨6⟩ Iraṇavikramaccatu(r)vvetimaṅkalattu sa-
⟨7⟩ bhaiyom Ik=koṭṭattu m¿i?yāṟunāṭṭu(tti)k=kā-
⟨8⟩ livallattuttiruttīk=kālipperumānaṭikaḷuk=ku
⟨9⟩ cantrātit(ta)val (Orutirununtāviḷak=ku Eri)ppataṟk=ku nica-
⟨10⟩ tam Uḻak=kāḻākk(e)ṇṇaiyaṭṭuvataṟkku Ik=koṭṭattuk=kāvi-
⟨11⟩ rippāk=kamākiya A¿(ma)?ninārāyaṇaccatu(r)vvetimaṅkalattuk=ki-
⟨12⟩ ḻvaṭaceri Eṭṭu(k=kū)r mātavakramavittaṉ pak(ka)l dhanmakaṭṭaḷai-
⟨13⟩ ttu(ḷai) niṟai Irupattaiṅka(ḻa)ñcu po(ṉ) koṇṭu cantrāti-
⟨14⟩ ttava(l) Erippat(ā)ka I⟨t⟩dhanmam muṭṭāmai celut(tu)vo-
⟨15⟩ mā(n)om sabhai(y)omi⟨t⟩(dha)nmam muṭṭil dhanmāsanatt⟦u⟧⟨⟨i⟩⟩-
⟨16⟩ (l)e nicatam (Aiṅ)kaḻañcu poṉ panmāheśva-
⟨17⟩ rare maṉṟap(p)eṟuva(t)āka(vu)m [|] Immaṉṟupāṭi(ṟu)-
⟨18⟩ ttum (I)t(ti)runantā(vi)ḷakku (mu)ṭṭ(ām)ai-
⟨19⟩ cceluttuvom(ā)ṉom vaṉ(ṉi)peṭā(kiya) raṇa(vi)kkiramaccat¿i?rvve(ti)ma-
⟨20⟩ ṅ(ka)lattuccav(ai)y(o)m [|] (I)taṟku vir(o)tañceytār keṅ-
⟨21⟩ kaiyiṭaikkumariṭaicceytār ceyta pā(va)ṅkoḷvār [|]
⟨22⟩ Itu pa-
⟨23⟩ (nm)āhe-
⟨24⟩ śvara¿ra? ra-
⟨25⟩ kṣai
⟨26⟩ ||~||௳

Apparatus

⟨2⟩ sakalajaka(tra)yāti(va)n=tita° • Read jagattrayābhivandita.

⟨3⟩ °kṛtamahāvali° • Between kṛta and mahāvali the engraver has omitted the words mahābalikulodbhava.

⟨5⟩ vannī • Read vanni (i.e. vaṉṉi).

⟨6⟩ catu(r)vveti • Read caturvedi.

⟨7⟩ (tti)k=kā • Read tīkkā.

⟨11⟩ A(ma)ninārāyaṇaccatu(r)vveti • Read Avaninārāyaṇacaturvedi. — ⟨11⟩ k=ki⟨12⟩ḻ • Read kkī⟨12⟩ḻ.

Translation by Hultzsch 1899

(Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! (During the reign of) Mahāvalivāṇarāja,—[born from the family of Mahābali], who had been made door-keeper by the lord of gods and demons, Paramēśvara (Śiva), who is worshipped in all the three worlds,—in the Śaka year eight hundred and ten,—we, the assembly of Vaṉṉipēḍu, alias Raṇavikrama-chaturvēdimaṅgalam, in Kārai-nāḍu, (a subdivision) of Paḍuvūr-kōṭṭam, received twenty-five kaḻañju of gold, weighed by the balance (used in the case) of charitable edicts,⁴ from Mādhava-Kramavittaṉ of Eṭṭukkūr, a hamlet on the north-east of Kāvirippākkam, alias A[va]ninārāyaṇa-chaturvēdimaṅgalam, in the same kōṭṭam, in order to supply (one) uḻakku (and one) āḻākku of oil per day for burning one sacred perpetual lamp, as long as the moon and the sun exist, before (the god) Tiruttīkkāli-Perumāṉaḍigaḷ of Tīkkāli-Vallam in Mīyāṟu-nāḍu, (a subdivision) of the same kōṭṭam.

(L. 13.) We, the assembly, shall have to continue this charity without fail, so as to burn (the lamp) as long as the moon and the sun exist.

(L. 15.) If (they) fail in this charity, all the Māhēśvaras shall be liable to pay into court⁵ a fine⁶ of five kaḻañju of gold per day.

(L. 17.) Though paying this fine, we, the assembly of Vaṉṉipēḍu, alias Raṇavikrama-chaturvēdimaṅgalam, shall have to continue this sacred perpetual lamp without fail.

(L. 20.) Those who obstruct this (charity), shall incur (all) the sins committed between the Gaṅgā and Kumari.⁷

(L. 22.) This (charity is placed under) the protection of all Māhēśvaras.

Bibliography

Digital edition of SII 3.44 by Hultzsch 1899 converted to DHARMA conventions by Emmanuel Francis.

Primary

[SII] Hultzsch, Eugen Julius Theodor. 1899. South-Indian inscriptions. Volume III: Miscellaneous inscriptions from the Tamil country. Part I: Inscriptions at Ukkal, Melpadi, Karuvur, Manimangalam and Tiruvallam. South Indian Inscriptions 3.1. Madras: Government Press. Pages 95–96, item 44.

Notes

1. No. 91 on the Madras Survey Map of the Wālājāpēṭ tāluka of the North Arcot district.
2. No. 68 on the same map.
3. No. 21 on the same map.
4. See page 30 above.
5. Compare above, No. 7, text line 5.
6. On the verb maṉṟu, ‘to pay a fine,’ see above, p. 51, note 4.
7. See above, p. 3 and note 8.

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<title>SII 3.44: original edition by Eugen Julius Theodor Hultzsch</title>

<title type="alt">No. 44.—ON THE NORTH WALL OF THE MAHAMANDAPA IN THE BILVANATHESVA A TEMPLE.</title>

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<p>As stated in the introductory remarks to No. <ref target="DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0043">43</ref>, the subjoined inscription was copied from an earlier stone inscription when the <hi rend="italic">maṇḍapa</hi> of the temple was pulled down and re-erected. It is dated in the <hi rend="bold">Śaka</hi> year 810 (in words, l. 4 f.) and in the time of a <hi rend="bold">Bāṇa</hi> chief who is not mentioned by name, but only by his title <hi rend="bold">Mahāvalivāṇarāja</hi> (l. 3 f.).</p>

<p>The inscription records that a Brāhmaṇa of <hi rend="bold">Eṭṭukkūr</hi> near <hi rend="bold">Kāvirippākkam</hi> (ll. 10 to 12) paid 25 <hi rend="italic">kaḻañju</hi> of gold to the villagers of <hi rend="bold">Vaṉṉipēḍu</hi> (ll. 5 and 19), who, in return, pledged themselves to supply oil to a lamp in the temple. Kāvirippākkam is the modern <hi rend="bold">Kāvēripākkam</hi>,<note>No. 91 on the <hi rend="italic">Madras Survey Map</hi> of the Wālājāpēṭ tāluka of the North Arcot district.</note> and Vaṉṉipēḍu is the modern <hi rend="bold">Vaṉṉivēḍu</hi>,<note>No. 68 on the same map.</note> about a mile south of Wālājāpēṭ. At the time of the inscription Vaṉṉipēḍu belonged to <hi rend="bold">Kārai-nāḍu</hi>, a subdivision of the district of <hi rend="bold">Paḍuvūr-kōṭṭam</hi> (l. 5). Kārai-nāḍu owes its name to <hi rend="bold">Kārai</hi>,<note>No. 21 on the same map.</note> a village on the north of Rāṇipēṭ.</p>

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<lb n="2"/><hi rend="grantha">sakalajaka<unclear>tra</unclear></hi>yāti<unclear>va</unclear>n=tita<hi rend="grantha">sur<unclear>ā</unclear>surādhīśa</hi>

<lb n="3" break="no"/><hi rend="grantha"><surplus>pura</surplus><unclear>pa</unclear>rameśvarapra</hi>ti<hi rend="grantha">h<unclear>ārī</unclear>kṛ</hi>ta<hi rend="grantha">mahā</hi>vali

<lb n="4" break="no"/>vā<choice><sic>ṉ</sic><corr>ṇ</corr></choice>a<hi rend="grantha">rā</hi><hi rend="grantha"><unclear>ja</unclear></hi>r <unclear>caka</unclear>r yāṇṭu Eṇ<unclear>ṇū</unclear>ṟṟorupatāva

<lb n="5" break="no"/>tu paṭuvūrk=koṭṭattuk=kāraināṭ<unclear>ṭu</unclear> va<hi rend="grantha">nn<choice><orig>ī</orig><reg>i</reg></choice></hi>peṭākiya

<lb n="6"/>Iraṇavi<hi rend="grantha">kramacca</hi>tu<hi rend="grantha"><unclear>r</unclear>vve</hi>timaṅkalattu <hi rend="grantha">sa</hi>

<lb n="7" break="no"/><hi rend="grantha">bhai</hi>yom Ik=koṭṭattu m<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>yāṟunāṭṭu<unclear>tti</unclear>k=kā

<lb n="8" break="no"/>livallattuttiruttīk=kālipperumānaṭikaḷuk=ku

<lb n="9"/>ca<hi rend="grantha">ntrā</hi>tit<unclear>ta</unclear>val <unclear>Orutirununtāviḷak=ku Eri</unclear>ppataṟk=ku nica

<lb n="10" break="no"/>tam Uḻak=kāḻākk<unclear>e</unclear>ṇṇaiyaṭṭuvataṟkku Ik=koṭṭattuk=kāvi

<lb n="11" break="no"/>rippāk=kamākiya A<choice><sic><unclear>ma</unclear></sic><corr>va</corr></choice>ninārāyaṇa<hi rend="grantha">cca</hi>tu<hi rend="grantha"><unclear>r</unclear>vve</hi>timaṅkalattuk=ki

<lb n="12" break="no"/>ḻvaṭaceri Eṭṭu<unclear>k=kū</unclear>r mātava<hi rend="grantha">krama</hi>vittaṉ pak<unclear>ka</unclear>l <hi rend="grantha">dhanma</hi>kaṭṭaḷai

<lb n="13" break="no"/>ttu<unclear>ḷai</unclear> niṟai Irupattaiṅka<unclear>ḻa</unclear>ñcu po<unclear>ṉ</unclear> koṇṭu ca<hi rend="grantha">ntrā</hi>ti

<lb n="14" break="no"/>ttava<unclear>l</unclear> Erippat<unclear>ā</unclear>ka I<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied><hi rend="grantha">dhanma</hi>m muṭṭāmai celut<unclear>tu</unclear>vo

<lb n="15" break="no"/>mā<unclear>n</unclear>om <hi rend="grantha">sabhai</hi><unclear>y</unclear>omi<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied><hi rend="grantha"><unclear>dha</unclear>nmam</hi> muṭṭil <hi rend="grantha">dhanmāsa</hi>natt<del>u</del><add place="unspecified">i</add>

<lb n="16" break="no"/><unclear>l</unclear>e nicatam <unclear>Aiṅ</unclear>kaḻañcu poṉ <hi rend="grantha">panmāheśva</hi>

<lb n="17" break="no"/><hi rend="grantha">rare</hi> maṉṟap<unclear>p</unclear>eṟuva<unclear>t</unclear>āka<unclear>vu</unclear>m <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="danda">.</g></supplied> Immaṉṟupāṭi<unclear>ṟu</unclear>

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<lb n="24" break="no"/><hi rend="grantha">śvara<choice><sic>ra</sic><corr>r·</corr></choice></hi> <hi rend="grantha">ra</hi>

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<lem><hi rend="grantha">sakalajaka<unclear>tra</unclear></hi>yāti<unclear>va</unclear>n=tita°</lem>

<note>Read <foreign><hi rend="grantha">jagattra</hi>yā<hi rend="grantha">bhi</hi>va<hi rend="grantha">ndi</hi>ta</foreign>.</note>

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<note>Between <foreign><hi rend="grantha">kṛ</hi>ta</foreign> and <foreign><hi rend="grantha">mahā</hi>vali</foreign> the engraver has omitted the words <foreign><hi rend="grantha">mahābalikulodbha</hi>va</foreign>.</note>

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<note>Read <foreign>va<hi rend="grantha">nni</hi></foreign> (<hi rend="italic">i.e.</hi> <foreign>vaṉṉi</foreign>).</note>

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<note>Read <hi rend="grantha">ca</hi>tu<hi rend="grantha">rvedi</hi>.</note>

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<note>Read <foreign>tīkkā</foreign>.</note>

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<lem>A<unclear>ma</unclear>ninārāyaṇa<hi rend="grantha">cca</hi>tu<hi rend="grantha"><unclear>r</unclear>vve</hi>ti</lem>

<note>Read <foreign>Avaninārāyaṇa<hi rend="grantha">ca</hi>t<hi rend="grantha">urvedi</hi></foreign>.</note>

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<p>(Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! (<hi rend="italic">During the reign of</hi>) <hi rend="bold">Mahāvalivāṇarāja</hi>,—[born from the family of <hi rend="bold">Mahābali</hi>], who had been made door-keeper by the lord of gods and demons, Paramēśvara (Śiva), who is worshipped in all the three worlds,—in the <hi rend="bold">Śaka</hi> year eight hundred and ten,—we, the assembly of <hi rend="bold">Vaṉṉipēḍu</hi>, <hi rend="italic">alias</hi> <hi rend="bold">Raṇavikrama-chaturvēdimaṅgalam</hi>, in <hi rend="bold">Kārai-nāḍu</hi>, (<hi rend="italic">a subdivision</hi>) of <hi rend="bold">Paḍuvūr-kōṭṭam</hi>, received twenty-five <hi rend="italic">kaḻañju</hi> of gold, weighed by the balance (<hi rend="italic">used in the case</hi>) of charitable edicts,<note>See page 30 above.</note> from <hi rend="bold">Mādhava-Kramavittaṉ</hi> of <hi rend="bold">Eṭṭukkūr</hi>, a hamlet on the north-east of <hi rend="bold">Kāvirippākkam</hi>, <hi rend="italic">alias</hi> <hi rend="bold">A[va]ninārāyaṇa-chaturvēdimaṅgalam</hi>, in the same <hi rend="italic">kōṭṭam</hi>, in order to supply (one) <hi rend="italic">uḻakku</hi> (and one) <hi rend="italic">āḻākku</hi> of oil per day for burning one sacred perpetual lamp, as long as the moon and the sun exist, before (<hi rend="italic">the god</hi>) <hi rend="bold">Tiruttīkkāli-Perumāṉaḍigaḷ</hi> of <hi rend="bold">Tīkkāli-Vallam</hi> in <hi rend="bold">Mīyāṟu-nāḍu</hi>, (<hi rend="italic">a subdivision</hi>) of the same <hi rend="italic">kōṭṭam</hi>.</p>

<p>(L. 13.) We, the assembly, shall have to continue this charity without fail, so as to burn (<hi rend="italic">the lamp</hi>) as long as the moon and the sun exist.</p>

<p>(L. 15.) If (<hi rend="italic">they</hi>) fail in this charity, all the <hi rend="italic">Māhēśvaras</hi> shall be liable to pay into court<note>Compare above, No. 7, text line 5.</note> a fine<note>On the verb <hi rend="italic">maṉṟu</hi>, ‘to pay a fine,’ see above, p. 51, note 4.</note> of five <hi rend="italic">kaḻañju</hi> of gold per day.</p>

<p>(L. 17.) Though paying this fine, we, the assembly of <hi rend="bold">Vaṉṉipēḍu</hi>, <hi rend="italic">alias</hi> <hi rend="bold">Raṇavikrama-chaturvēdimaṅgalam</hi>, shall have to continue this sacred perpetual lamp without fail.</p>

<p>(L. 20.) Those who obstruct this (<hi rend="italic">charity</hi>), shall incur (<hi rend="italic">all</hi>) the sins committed between the <hi rend="bold">Gaṅgā</hi> and <hi rend="bold">Kumari</hi>.<note>See above, p. 3 and note 8.</note> </p>

<p>(L. 22.) This (<hi rend="italic">charity is placed under</hi>) the protection of all <hi rend="italic">Māhēśvaras</hi>.</p>

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