Toraippāṭi, time of Mahendravarman, year unclear

Author of digital edition: Emmanuel Francis (emfr).

Summary: Hero-stone inscription commemorating the death of a hero during a fight.

Palaeographic description: Note the epenthetic u for r at the end of words.

Language: Tamil (tam).

Version: 2025-09-09 12:00 (265f3f1), last modified 2025-01-05 13:52 (333a4a5).

Edition

⟨1⟩ kō-vicaiya-mayēntira-
⟨2⟩ parumaṟku (ṟaṇṇu)-Āvatu ka-
⟨3⟩ ṅkaraicar-ōṭu pavvatu kaṅ-
⟨4⟩ karaicaru makkaḷ poṉ-
⟨5⟩ ṉantiyāru peru-mukai
⟨6⟩ eṟinta ñāṉṟu kaṅka-
⟨7⟩ raicaru cēvakaru Eṟintu
⟨8⟩ paṭṭāru rārāṟṟū Āṇṭa
⟨9⟩ kuṉṟa-k-kaṇṇiyār
⟨10⟩ kal

Apparatus

⟨2⟩ (ṟaṇṇu)-Āvatu • Reading difficult to make sense of. This is a year in the twenty according to CN. This is the first year according to IAR.

⟨8⟩ rārāṟṟū ⬦ rārāṟṟū CN; rārāṟṟu IP • Reading difficult to make sense of. The reading rārāṟṟu by IP is apparently a typographical error as he gives Rārāṟṟūr in his summary.

Translation by Emmanuel Francis

⟨1–2⟩ ¿Twenty-…? (ṟaṇṇu) [year] of the victorious king Mayēntiraparumaṉ.¹

⟨2–10⟩ [This is] the stone of Kuṉṟakkaṇṇiyār, who ruled ¿Rārāṟṟūr?, he who fell fighting/attacking, [as?] a servant of Kaṅkaraicar², when Poṉṉantiyār attacked Perumukai along with Kaṅkaraicar … (pavvatu) and the people of Kaṅkaraicar.

Commentary

Kaṅkaraicar: rather than a proper name, a generic title?

Bibliography

Edited in Nākacāmi 1972 (CN 1971/33). Text and summary in Mahalingam 1988 (IP 277).

This digital edition by Emmanuel Francis, based on previous edition.

Primary

[CN] Nākacāmi, Irā. 1972. Ceṅkam naṭukaṟkaḷ. TNSDA publication 21. Ceṉṉai: Tamiḻnāṭu Aracu tolporuḷ Āyvuttuṟai. Item 1971/33.

[IP] Mahalingam, T. V. 1988. Inscriptions of the Pallavas. New Delhi; Delhi: Indian Council of Historical Research; Agam Prakashan. Page 664, item 277.

Secondary

[IAR] IAR 1971-72. Indian Archaeology 1971-72: A Review. Edited by M. N. Deshpande. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India, 1975. Page 59, item 40.

Notes

1. Sanskrit Mahendravarman.
2. That is, the Gaṅga king

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<lb n="1"/>kō-vicaiya-mayēntira

<lb n="2" break="no"/>parumaṟku <unclear>ṟaṇṇu</unclear>-Āvatu

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<lb n="3" break="no"/>ṅkaraicar-ōṭu pavvatu kaṅ

<lb n="4" break="no"/>karaicaru makkaḷ poṉ

<lb n="5" break="no"/>ṉantiyāru peru-mukai

<lb n="6"/>eṟinta ñāṉṟu kaṅka

<lb n="7" break="no"/>raicaru cēvakaru Eṟintu

<lb n="8"/>paṭṭāru rārāṟṟū Āṇṭa

<lb n="9"/>kuṉṟa-k-kaṇṇiyār

<lb n="10"/>kal

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<lem><unclear>ṟaṇṇu</unclear>-Āvatu</lem>

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<lem>rārāṟṟū</lem>

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<rdg source="bib:Mahalingam1988_01">rārāṟṟu</rdg>

<note>Reading difficult to make sense of. The reading <foreign>rārāṟṟu</foreign> by <ptr target="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"/> is apparently a typographical error as he gives Rārāṟṟūr in his summary.</note>

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<seg cert="low">Twenty-<gap reason="ellipsis"/></seg> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ṟaṇṇu</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">year</supplied> of the victorious king Mayēntiraparumaṉ.<note>Sanskrit Mahendravarman.</note>

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<supplied reason="subaudible">This is</supplied> the stone of Kuṉṟakkaṇṇiyār, who ruled <seg cert="low">Rārāṟṟūr</seg>, he who fell fighting/attacking, <supplied reason="subaudible" cert="low">as</supplied> a servant of Kaṅkaraicar<note>That is, the Gaṅga king</note>, when Poṉṉantiyār attacked Perumukai along with Kaṅkaraicar <gap reason="ellipsis"/> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>pavvatu</foreign></supplied> and the people of Kaṅkaraicar.

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<p>Kaṅkaraicar: rather than a proper name, a generic title?</p>

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