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· <title>Kūram plates, time of Parameśvaravarman</title>
· <respStmt>
· <resp>author of digital edition</resp>
15 <persName ref="part:emfr">
· <forename>Emmanuel</forename>
· <surname>Francis</surname>
· </persName>
· </respStmt>
20 </titleStmt>
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· <authority>DHARMA</authority>
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25 <availability>
· <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
· <p>This work is licenced under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported
· Licence. To view a copy of the licence, visit
· https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to
30 Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View,
· California, 94041, USA.</p>
· <p>Copyright (c) 2019-2025 by Emmanuel Francis.</p>
· </licence>
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35 <date from="2019" to="2025">2019-2025</date>
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40 <repository>DHARMAbase</repository>
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80 <div type="edition" xml:lang="san-Latn" rendition="class:grantha maturity:vernacular">
·
· <div type="textpart" n="A">
· <head xml:lang="eng">Seal</head>
· </div>
85
· <div type="textpart" n="B">
· <head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>
·
·
90 <pb n="1r"/>
·
· <ab>
· <pb n="1v"/>
· <lb n="1v1=1"/>svasti
95 </ab>
·
· <lg n="1" met="sragdharā">
· <l n="a" enjamb="yes">pañcā<unclear>syas triṃ</unclear>śad-a<unclear>rddha</unclear><surplus>ḥ</surplus>-<unclear>pra</unclear>tibha<unclear>ya</unclear>-nayanaś candra-<unclear>mauḷi</unclear>s triśū<unclear>lī</unclear></l>
· <l n="b"><unclear>bhī</unclear>ma
100 <lb n="1v2=2" break="no"/>vyāḷopavī<unclear>tī daśa-bhuja-parighas tatva-mātrātma-mūrttiḥ</unclear></l>
· <l n="c"><unclear>divyo vekṣyo mukunda</unclear>-pra
· <lb n="1v3=4" break="no"/><unclear>bhṛ</unclear>ti<unclear>bhi</unclear>r amarai<unclear>s sṛṣṭi-kṛn mantra-si</unclear>ddhaḥ</l>
· <l n="d"><unclear>karttā no mūrtta-vi</unclear>dyā <unclear>vihita-para-ya</unclear>ma-
· <lb n="1v4=4" break="no"/>s trāyatāṃ viśva-mūrtti<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> <g type="ddanda">.</g></l>
105 </lg>
·
· <lg n="2" met="śārdūlavikrīḍita">
· <l n="a">kā<unclear>ryya-vyūha</unclear>-<unclear>parama-vyomā</unclear>mṛta-<unclear>jyotiṣo</unclear></l>
· <l n="b"><unclear>vi</unclear>
110 <lb n="5" break="no"/>dvan-mānasa-candra-kānta-patitā mūrcchanti yasyāṁśa<unclear>vaḥ</unclear></l>
· <l n="c"><unclear>bhūtānāṁ hṛ</unclear>daye<unclear>ṣu cāna</unclear>ya
· <pb n="2r" break="no"/>
· <lb n="6" break="no"/>ti yaḥ śaktiṁ kriyā-sādhanīṁ</l>
· <l n="d">trayātmā parameśvaras-sa jayati trai-lokya-cūḷā-maṇi<unclear>ḥ</unclear> <g type="ddanda">.</g></l>
115 </lg>
·
· <lg n="3" met="śārdūlavikrīḍita">
· <l n="a">A
· <lb n="7" break="no"/>brahmaṇyam asoma-yāgam ayathā-prasthāna-daṇḍodyamam·</l>
120 <l n="b">mithyā-dāntam adāna-śūram a
· <lb n="8" break="no"/>nṛta-vyāhāra-jihmānanam·</l>
· <l n="c">jātaṁ yatra nareśvaran na ś<choice><sic>ru</sic><corr>ṛ</corr></choice>ṇumo yuddheṣu vā vikla<unclear>vam·</unclear></l>
· <l n="d"><lb n="9"/>nirvvighna<choice><sic>ḥ</sic><corr>ṁ</corr></choice> pṛthivīn nirītim avatān tat pallavānāṁ kulam· <g type="ddanda">.</g></l>
· </lg>
125
· <p>
· ...
· <pb n="2v"/>
·
130 <pb n="3r"/>
·
· <pb n="3v" break="no"/>
·
· <pb n="4r" break="no"/>
135
· <pb n="4v" break="no"/>
·
· <pb n="5r" break="no"/>
·
140 <lb n="5r7=55" break="no"/>tta-parihāre datta Iti
· </p>
·
· <p>
· Atrā<surplus>ñ</surplus>jñaptiḥ Uttara-kāraṇikā-mahāsena-datta<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> vidyāvinī
145 <lb n="5r8=56" break="no"/>ta-pallava-parameśvara-gṛha Iha ca deva-karmma-<unclear>na</unclear>va-<supplied reason="omitted">kar</supplied>mma<supplied reason="omitted">rthe</supplied> kūrattācāryya-putra-Ananta
·
· <pb n="5v" break="no"/>
· <lb n="5v1=57" break="no"/>-śiva-Ācāryya<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> <unclear>datta</unclear> Iti <unclear>phu</unclear>llaśarmm<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice> dvau putra-<unclear>pautrā</unclear> Ā<choice><sic>ñj</sic><corr>jñ</corr></choice>a<supplied reason="omitted">p</supplied>tāḥ <g type="ddanda">.</g><g type="dashLong">.</g>
· </p>
150
· <p>
· Ū<unclear>ṟ</unclear>ṟu-k-kāṭṭu-k-kō
· <lb n="5v2=58" break="no"/>ṭṭattu nīrvēḷur-nāṭṭu-k kūramum ñammaṉampākkamu <gap reason="lost" quantity="4" unit="character"/> <unclear>ñaṅkaṇata</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="4" unit="character"/> <unclear>ṭa</unclear> viccā-vinī
· <lb n="5v3=59" break="no"/>ta-p-pallava-racaṉ vil<choice><sic>e</sic><corr>ai</corr></choice>-k-kāṇaṅ k<choice><sic>e</sic><corr>ai</corr></choice>yi<choice><sic>k</sic><corr>ṟ</corr></choice> koṭuttu<unclear>c ci</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="4" unit="character"/> <unclear>ṇ</unclear>e ceyitu Āyiratt' i<unclear>ru</unclear>-nū
155 <lb n="5v4=60" break="no"/>ṟṟu-k kuḻi-p paṭiyāl viṟṟu-k-koṇṭa nilam
· </p>
· <p>
· ta<unclear>ḷi</unclear> Eṭuppataṟku Ōṭu cuṭa-k-koṇṭa ni
· <lb n="5v5=61" break="no"/>lam
160 </p>
· <p>
· tal<choice><sic>e</sic><corr>ai</corr></choice>-p-pāṭakattuḷ cūḷ<choice><sic>e</sic><corr>ai</corr></choice>-mēṭṭu-p-paṭṭiyum Ūruḷ maṇṭakam Eṭutta nila
· <lb n="5v6=62" break="no"/><seg xml:lang="tam-Latn" rendition="class:tamil maturity:vernacular">ttoṭuṅ kūṭa <choice><orig>Ayi</orig><reg>Ai</reg></choice>ntē kāl paṭṭi nilamum viṟṟu koṇṭu viccā-vinīta-pallava-paramēccu</seg>
· <lb n="5v7=63" break="no"/>ra-karam Eṭuttu Ēri toṇṭi It-taḷi vaḻi-pāṭu ce<choice><orig>yi</orig><reg>y</reg></choice>vārkku Irukkum ma<choice><sic>ne</sic><corr>ṉai</corr></choice>yum ma<choice><sic>ne</sic><corr>ṉai</corr></choice>-p-pa
165 <lb n="5v8=64" break="no"/>ṭappum vakuttu Itanuḷ mikka nilam Oḻukkavikku viḷ<choice><sic>e</sic><corr>ai</corr></choice> nilam ā<unclear>ka</unclear>vum
· </p>
· <p>
· <list>
· <item>
170 I<choice><orig>ṉ</orig><reg>n</reg></choice>-nilattukku
· <pb n="6r"/>
· <lb n="6r1=65"/><unclear>kīḻ-pā</unclear>l ellai m<choice><sic>ū</sic><corr>u</corr></choice>tukāṭṭu vaḻiyiṉ mēṟkum
· </item>
· <item>
175 teṉ-pāl<unclear> ellai Ū</unclear>r-puku-<unclear>vaḻiyiṉ vaṭakku</unclear>
· <lb n="6r2=66" break="no"/>m
· </item>
· <item>
· mēl-pāl ellai Ūr-puku-vaḻi niṉṟum vaṭakku nōkki nāṭṭukkālu<unclear>k</unclear>kē pōṉa va<unclear>ḻi</unclear>
180 <lb n="6r3=67" break="no"/>yiṉ kiḻakkum
· </item>
· <item>
· vaṭa-pāl ellai nāṭṭukkālin teṟkum <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="danda">.</g></supplied>
· </item>
185 </list>
· </p>
· <p>
· I<choice><orig>ṉ</orig><reg>n</reg></choice>-nāṉk' ell<choice><sic>e</sic><corr>ai</corr></choice> Akattu<unclear>m</unclear>
· <lb n="6r3=68"/>taḷi<unclear>yu</unclear>m Ēriyum vaḻipāṭu ce<choice><orig>yi</orig><reg>y</reg></choice>vār<supplied reason="omitted">k</supplied>ku ma<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice>aiyum ma<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice>ai-p-paṭappu<choice><orig>ṉ</orig><reg>n</reg></choice> nīkki mik
190 <lb n="69" break="no"/>ka nilamum cūḷaimēṭṭu-p-paṭṭiyum Oḻukkavikku viḷai nilam-āka koṭuttu It
· <lb n="70" break="no"/>-taḷikku vēṇṭun tēvakaruma-navakarumañ ce<choice><orig>yi</orig><reg>y</reg></choice>vataṟkum Irupatiṉmar caturppētika
· <lb n="71" break="no"/>ḷukku-p piramatēyaṅ koṭuppataṟkum maṇayiṟ-kōṭṭattu-p paṉmā-nāṭṭu-p para
· <lb n="72" break="no"/>mēccura-maṅkalattuḷ Akappaṭṭa vaḷ<choice><sic>e</sic><corr>ai</corr></choice>y<supplied reason="omitted">att</supplied>il cuṟṟu nilam Atta<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice>aiyum Irupa<unclear>t</unclear>
·
195 <pb n="6v" break="no"/>
·
·
· <lb n="6v8=80" break="no"/>... <supplied reason="lost">paramēcu</supplied>
·
200
· <pb n="7r" break="no"/>
· <lb n="7r1=81" break="no"/>vara-maṅ<unclear>·</unclear>kalat<unclear>·</unclear>tu ni<supplied reason="lost">la</supplied>m-āka Ik<unclear>·</unclear>-kāluḷ<unclear>·</unclear> kuṟ<supplied reason="lost">·</supplied>ṟ-ē<unclear>tta</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="20" unit="character" precision="low"/>
· <lb n="7r2=82"/>maiyum· nāṭ<unclear>ā</unclear>ḻ·c·ciyu<unclear>ṉ</unclear> nāṭ<unclear>·</unclear>ṭu-p<unclear>·</unclear> paṇ<unclear>·</unclear>ṇik<unclear>·</unclear>keyu<unclear>m</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="20" unit="character" precision="low"/>
· <lb n="7r3=83"/>...
205 <lb n="7r4=84"/>...
· <lb n="7r5=85" break="no"/>p-puṟam<unclear>·</unclear> <surplus>k<unclear>·</unclear></surplus> koṇ·ṭu vaḻipāṭu ...
· <lb n="7r6=86" break="no"/>m<unclear>·</unclear> koṇ<unclear>·</unclear>ṭu pu ...
· <lb n="7r7=87"/>...
· <lb n="7r8=88"/>...
210
· <pb n="7v" break="no"/>
· <lb n="7v1=89" break="no"/>k-kāt<unclear>·</unclear>tu koṭuk<unclear>·</unclear>ka <g type="gomutraFinal">.</g>
·
· </p>
215
· <lg n="23" met="indravajrā">
· <l n="a">Asyā<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> praśaster avat <seg met="-+-+="><gap reason="lost" unit="character" quantity="4"/></seg></l>
· <l n="b"><seg met="++-++--+-+="><gap reason="lost" unit="character" quantity="11"/></seg></l>
· <l n="c">somaś ca yasyās sahavāsa-bandhus </l>
220 <l n="d">tra<unclear>ya</unclear> <seg met="-++--+-+="><gap reason="lost" unit="character" quantity="9"/></seg></l>
· </lg>
·
· <lg n="24" met="anuṣṭubh">
· <l n="a"><seg met="===="><gap reason="lost" unit="character" quantity="4"/></seg>hma-dattañ ca</l>
225 <l n="b">dvidhā bhaktiñ ca pātu yaḥ</l>
· <l n="c">mac-chiram ma <seg met="-++="><gap reason="lost" unit="character" quantity="4"/></seg></l>
· <l n="d"><seg met="====-+-="><gap reason="lost" unit="character" quantity="8"/></seg></l>
· </lg>
·
230 <lg n="25" met="anuṣṭubh">
· <l n="a"><supplied reason="lost">brahma-sva-pari<lb n="7v4=92" break="no"/>puṣṭāni</supplied></l>
· <l n="b">vāhanāni mahīpate</l>
· <l n="c">yuddha-kāl<unclear>e</unclear> <supplied reason="lost">viśīryante</supplied></l>
· <l n="d"><supplied reason="lost">saikatāḥ setavo yathā</supplied></l>
235 </lg>
·
· <lg n="26" met="anuṣṭubh">
· <l n="a"><lb n="7v5=93"/>deva-svam br<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>hmaṇa-svañ ca</l>
· <l n="b">lobhenopahin asti <unclear>ya</unclear><supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied></l>
240 <l n="c"><seg met="====-++="><gap reason="lost" unit="character" quantity="8"/></seg></l>
· <l n="d"><seg met="=="><gap reason="lost" unit="character" quantity="2"/></seg> <lb n="7v6=94" break="no"/>cchiṣṭena jīvati <g type="gomutraFinal">.</g></l>
· </lg>
·
· <lg n="27" met="anuṣṭubh">
245 <l n="a">bhūmi-dānāt paran dānam</l>
· <l n="b">na bhūt<choice><sic>o</sic><corr>aṁ</corr></choice> na bhavi<supplied reason="lost">ṣyati</supplied></l>
· <l n="c"><supplied reason="lost">tasyaiva haraṇāt pāpaṁ</supplied></l>
· <l n="d"><supplied reason="lost">na</supplied><lb n="7v7=95"/>bhūt<choice><sic>o</sic><corr>aṁ</corr></choice> na bhaviṣyati <g type="ddanda">.</g> <g type="spiral">.</g> <g type="ddanda">.</g></l>
· </lg>
250
· <p>...</p>
·
· </div>
·
255 </div>
·
· <div type="apparatus">
·
· <div type="textpart" n="B">
260
· <head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>
·
· <listApp>
·
265
·
·
·
·
270
·
·
·
· <app loc="6">
275 <lem>trayātmā</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Hultzsch1890_01">tra<supplied reason="omitted">y</supplied>yātmā</rdg>
· <note>...</note>
· </app>
·
280
· <app loc="58">
· <lem source="bib:Hultzsch1890_01">kūramum ñammaṉampākkamu</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Mahalingam1988_01">kūramum ñ=Ammaṉampākkamu</rdg>
· </app>
285
· <app loc="59">
· <lem source="bib:Hultzsch1890_01"><unclear>ci</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="4" unit="character"/> <unclear>ṇ</unclear>e</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Subrahmanian1966_01">cirāvaṇai</rdg>
· </app>
290
· <app loc="62">
· <lem><choice><orig>Ayi</orig><reg>Ai</reg></choice>ntē kāl</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Hultzsch1890_01">Ayintekāl</rdg>
· <rdg source="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"><choice><sic>ayi</sic><corr>ai</corr></choice>ntēkāl</rdg>
295 </app>
·
· <app loc="85">
· <lem>ppuṟam<unclear>·</unclear> <surplus>k<unclear>·</unclear></surplus> koṇ·ṭu</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Hultzsch1890_01">ppura<unclear>m</unclear>kkoṇṭu</rdg>
300 <rdg source="bib:Subrahmanian1966_01">ppura<unclear>ma</unclear>k koṇṭu</rdg>
· <note>Alternative reading: <foreign>p-puṟam-<supplied reason="omitted">ā</supplied>ka koṇ·ṭu</foreign></note>
· </app>
·
· <app loc="89">
305 <lem>avat</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Hultzsch1890_01">ava<unclear>tā</unclear></rdg>
· <rdg source="bib:Brocquet1997_01">va<unclear>tā</unclear></rdg>
· </app>
·
310 <app loc="91-92">
· <lem><supplied reason="lost">brahma ... yathā</supplied></lem>
· <note>Text restored after stanza 33 in Sircar’s list (<bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_01"/></bibl>, p. 181).</note>
· </app>
·
315 </listApp>
·
· </div>
·
· </div>
320
· <div type="translation" source="bib:Brocquet1997_01">
·
· <p>...</p>
·
325 <p rend="stanza" n="23">
· <l>...</l>
· </p>
· <p rend="stanza" n="24">
· <l>...</l>
330 </p>
· <p rend="stanza" n="25">
· <l>O king, the mounts</l>
· <l><supplied reason="lost">accrued from the wealth of brahmins</supplied></l>
· <l><supplied reason="lost">crumble</supplied> in time of war</l>
335 <l><supplied reason="lost">like dams/bridges made of sand</supplied>.</l>
· </p>
· <p rend="stanza" n="26">
· <l>...</l>
· </p>
340 <p rend="stanza" n="27">
· <l>A gift superior to the gift of land</l>
· <l>There has not been and there won’t be.</l>
· <l><supplied reason="lost">Therefore a sin <supplied reason="subaudible">superior</supplied> to seizing it</supplied></l>
· <l>There has not been and there won’t be.</l>
345 </p>
·
· </div>
·
· <div type="commentary"/>
350
· <div type="bibliography">
·
· <p>
· Edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Hultzsch1890_01"/></bibl> (<ref target="DHARMA_INSSIIv01p0i0151">SII 1.151</ref>).
355 Revised edition of plates 3-4 in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Hultzsch1923-1924_05"/></bibl>.
· Edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Subrahmanian1966_01"/></bibl>.
· Text and summary in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"/></bibl> (IP 46).
· Text and French translation in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Brocquet1997_01"/></bibl> (B 33).
· Visual documentation in SII 2 (plates XI-XII).
360 </p>
· <p>This revised edition by Emmanuel Francis, based on photos (2008, by Emmanuel Francis, by courtesy of Chennai Government Museum).</p>
·
· <listBibl type="primary">
·
365 <bibl n="SII1">
· <ptr target="bib:Hultzsch1890_01"/>
· </bibl>
·
· <bibl n="SII2">
370 <ptr target="bib:Hultzsch+al1916_01"/>
· </bibl>
·
· <bibl n="EI">
· <ptr target="bib:Hultzsch1923-1924_05"/>
375 </bibl>
·
· <bibl n="TPC">
· <ptr target="bib:Subrahmanian1966_01"/>
· <citedRange unit="page">33-60</citedRange>
380 </bibl>
·
· <bibl n="IP">
· <ptr target="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"/>
· <citedRange unit="page">152-161</citedRange>
385 <citedRange unit="item">53</citedRange>
· </bibl>
·
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· <ptr target="bib:Brocquet1997_01"/>
390 <citedRange unit="page">512-531</citedRange>
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395
· <listBibl type="secondary">
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· <ptr target="bib:Francis2013_01"/>
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· <bibl>
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·
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410 </div>
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