Mēlappaḻuvūr, Kīḻaiyūr, Ireṭṭaikkōyil, Agastyeśvara, time of Parakesarivarman, year 15

Editors: Valérie Gillet, Emmanuel Francis.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSMelKil00019.

Summary: AIM, southern shrine; on the two wall sections on the eastern side of the niche of Śiva on the southern façade of the sanctuary and on the southernmost wall section of the eastern façade of the sanctuary; c) personally located and read in situ; SII 19, no. 378 [lines 1 to 37]; SII 32, part 2, no. 166 [lines 1 to 37]; Āvaṇam 3.2 [complete inscription]; 15th regnal year of Kōpparakesarivarman = probably Uttamacōḻa (circa 986 A.D.); the inscription is not engraved continuously: I have given the details in the edition itself. Lines 38–96 record a list of signatures which may have been added later, because the script is slightly different from the first part (lines 1–37).

Hand description:

Language: Tamil.

Repository: Mēlappaḻuvūr & Kīḻappaḻuvūr (tfa-melappaluvur-kilappaluvur-epigraphy).

Version: 2025-06-17 14:19 (217aac3), last modified 2025-06-12 15:51 (0802aa7).

⟨Zone A⟩ ⟨1⟩ svasti śrī

kō-p-parakēcari-paṉmaṟkku yā⟨2⟩ṇṭu 10 5-Āvatu

kuṉṟakkūṟṟattu nāṭ⟨3⟩ṭōmukku Aṭikaḷ paḻuvēṭṭaraiyar kaṇṭaṉ ma⟨4⟩ṟavaṉār Ināṭṭu Uṟattūraip paḻam ⟨5⟩ perum paḻaṅ kuṭiyu[m] n¡i!⟨ī⟩kki karuppūr-u⟨6⟩ṭaiya vēṅkaṭavaṉ Araṅkaṉ-āṉa cem⟨7⟩piyaṉ viṟaināṭṭu kōnārkku janma⟨8⟩bh¡u!⟨ū⟩mi-y-āka-k karuppūr eṉṉum pēriṉāl kā⟨9⟩ṇi ceytu Itukku Āṭṭai-vaṭṭam tāla⟨10⟩c cemmai poṉ Irupattai¡y!ṅ kaḻañ⟨11⟩cum cantrādityaval nilai ⟨⟨I⟩⟩ṟaiy-āvat’ ākavum

nā⟨12⟩ṭu tarañ ceyyum pōtu Irupattai¡y!ṅ ⟨13⟩ kaḻañcum allatu Ēṟat tarañ ceyyāta⟨14⟩t’ ākavum

Ipparicu candrādittavat kāṇi⟨15⟩-y-ākac ceytu kuṭuttōm nāṭṭār niṅ⟨16⟩kaḷum Ipparicu ceytu kuṭuṅkaḷ eṉṟ’ aruḷi⟨17⟩c-ceyya nāṭṭōmum

Iṉṉāṭṭu Uṟattū⟨18⟩rai paḻam perum paḻaṅ kuṭiyu n¡i!⟨ī⟩kki karuppū⟨19⟩r eṉṉum pēyar ākki Āṭṭai-vaṭṭam nilai ⟨20⟩ y-iṟai tālac cemmai poṉ Irupattai⟨21⟩¡y!ṅ kaḻañc’ ākki nāṭṭōm tarañ ceyum po⟨22⟩ṉ Irupattai¡y!ṅ kaḻañcum allatu Ēṟat ta⟨Zone B⟩⟨23⟩rañ ceyyātat’ ākavum

I⟨24⟩pparicu karuppūr-uṭaiya vē⟨25⟩ṅkaṭavaṉ Araṅkaṉ-āṉa ⟨26⟩ cempiyaṉ viṟai¡ṉ!⟨n⟩āṭ⟨27⟩ṭu kōṉārkku janmapūmi-y-āka ⟨28⟩ karuppūr eṉṉum (pē)yar(i)ṉāl ⟨29⟩ cantrātittaval kāṇi-y-āka A⟨30⟩ṟai-y-ōlai ceytu kuṭut⟨31⟩tōm kuṉṟakkūṟṟattu nāṭ⟨32⟩ṭōm (ci)ṟṟiṟaiyum Aṇa⟨33⟩[1 illegible line]

⟨Zone C⟩ ⟨34⟩ Ivai paḻuvēṭṭaraiyaṉ (kaṇṭa)ṉ maṟa⟨35⟩vaṉēṉ Ivai E¡ṉṉ!⟨ṉ⟩ eḻuttu [1×] Ipparicu I⟨36⟩caintō⟨m⟩ marutūr-uṭaiya kāṭaṉ mā(ṟu)yaṉē⟨37⟩ṉ Ivaiy e¡ṉṉ!⟨ṉ⟩ eḻuttu

⟨Zone D⟩ ⟨38⟩ [1 lost line] ⟨39⟩ (ṉa/ḷa)ṭṭār (A)ṟaiyō [1×] la[2×]⟨40⟩l eḻutt’ eḻutaṉārai y-eḻutiya ⟨41⟩ [2×] mallūr-uṭaiya caṅkaṉ nāke⟨42⟩[2×] kamāṉṉ eṉ Eḻuttu(p) puttūr-u⟨43⟩ṭaiya tū(caṭi) kōṉ{e} E¿ṉa?⟨ḻu⟩ttu ⟨44⟩ Āṟaṇitallūr-Uṭaiya ceruvan ⟨45⟩ (U)ta co(mi)tēvaṉ cuvāmi E⟨ḻu⟩ttu ⟨46⟩ cāttaṉūr-uṭaiya tiṇeyāṉ mā⟨47⟩yilaṭṭi Eḻuttu mēlmaru{t}⟨48⟩ttūr-uṭaiya tiṇaiyāṉ kuṭitara⟨49⟩ṅki Eḻuttu paṭṭ-uṭaiya (c)iṅka⟨50⟩ṉeyyoṟaṉ eḻuttu ⟨51⟩ Umapaḷakkāṉattūr-uṭai⟨52⟩ya Oṉeṉpāmpaṉ eḻu⟨53⟩ttu Āṇpāṉ cukūr-u⟨54⟩ṭaiya cāttaṉ nampaṉ e⟨55⟩ḻuttu kuṟṟūr-uṭaiyaṉ ṉe⟨56⟩[1 lost line]⟨57⟩ttu vākūr-uṭaiya Oṉeṉ⟨58⟩(pa)mpal eḻuttu (Ali?)mi[1×]⟨59⟩Uṭaiya ve(li)taraṅki Eḻuttu ⟨60⟩ Āttūr-uṭaiya cāttaṉ tara⟨61⟩[1×] Eḻuttu (௳) kuḷattūr-uṭaiya ⟨62⟩ Aṉaiyaṉamutaṉ eḻuttu ⟨63⟩ varākupāṭi-Uṭaiya māṉtaṉp⟨64⟩peraiyaṉ eḻuttu

⟨Zone E⟩ ⟨65⟩ (caṅ)kaṇamūr-uṭaiya kāra[2×]mu⟨66⟩kaṉ Eḻuttu [3×]-Uṭaiya ⟨67⟩ vaṭukaṉ pūti y-eḻuttu ⁋ timmi⟨68⟩y-uṭaiya cuntaracōḻapperunti⟨69⟩ṇ(ai) y-eḻuttu ⁋ puttūr-uṭaiya Ā⟨70⟩ramālakkōṉ peraiya⟨71⟩ṉ eḻuttu (pe)raṟconi-y-u⟨72⟩ṭaiya Araiyaṉāccaṉ e⟨73⟩ḻuttu || ciṅkaraṉattūr-uṭai⟨74⟩ya perumāṉ maḻapāṭi y-eḻu⟨75⟩[ttu] [5×] ppati-Uṭaiya ⟨76⟩ kali(yiva) [3×] y-(e)ḻut⟨77⟩tu || kūṟaṅ [1×] ṭaiya maṟava ko⟨78⟩ṉ peruna [1×] ṇai Eḻuttu ⟨79⟩ kaṟakāṭṭur-uṭaiya vempa⟨80⟩ṉuḷveli Eḻuttu ⟨81⟩ pokaḻi-y-uṭaiya kaṇṭama⟨82⟩laiyama[1×]ṉ eḻuttu ⟨83⟩ kiḷiy-u(ṭai)ya nāraṇaṉā⟨84⟩ [1×] ṅkay eḻuttu[3×]⟨85⟩ṇi-y-uṭaiya kaṇṭap pe[2×]⟨86⟩ṉ eḻuttu ciṅkaṇamūr-uṭai⟨87⟩ya paṭaipperaiyaṉa(ddhay)āṟa⟨88⟩ṉ eḻuttu || Aruṅkarayil-u⟨89⟩ṭaiya Āccaṉ nakkaṉ e⟨90⟩ḻuttu Āṉaiñallū⟨91⟩r-uṭaiya nakkaṉ kumaraṉ eḻut⟨92⟩tu vaṭavacukūr-uṭaiya niru(pa/va)⟨93⟩[1×] kacarama(lai)ya [2×] ṉ (e)ḻu(ttu) ⟨94⟩ mālvāyil-uṭaiya mana⟨95⟩vakōṉ pe(rai)yaṉ eḻu⟨96⟩ttu ||

Zone A
⟨1⟩ svasti śrī   kō-p-parakēcari-paṉmaṟkku yā-
⟨2⟩ ṇṭu 10 5-Āvatu  kuṉṟakkūṟṟattu nāṭ-
⟨3⟩ ṭōmukku Aṭikaḷ paḻuvēṭṭaraiyar kaṇṭaṉ ma-
⟨4⟩ ṟavaṉār Ināṭṭu Uṟattūraip paḻam 
⟨5⟩ perum paḻaṅ kuṭiyu[m] n¡i!⟨ī⟩kki karuppūr-u-
⟨6⟩ ṭaiya vēṅkaṭavaṉ Araṅkaṉ-āṉa cem-
⟨7⟩ piyaṉ viṟaināṭṭu kōnārkku janma-
⟨8⟩ bh¡u!⟨ū⟩mi-y-āka-k karuppūr eṉṉum pēriṉāl kā-
⟨9⟩ ṇi ceytu Itukku Āṭṭai-vaṭṭam tāla-
⟨10⟩ c cemmai poṉ Irupattai¡y!ṅ kaḻañ-
⟨11⟩ cum cantrādityaval nilai ⟨⟨I⟩⟩ṟaiy-āvat’ ākavum   nā-
⟨12⟩ ṭu tarañ ceyyum pōtu Irupattai¡y!ṅ 
⟨13⟩ kaḻañcum allatu Ēṟat tarañ ceyyāta-
⟨14⟩ t’ ākavum   Ipparicu candrādittavat kāṇi-
⟨15⟩ -y-ākac ceytu kuṭuttōm nāṭṭār niṅ-
⟨16⟩ kaḷum Ipparicu ceytu kuṭuṅkaḷ eṉṟ’ aruḷi-
⟨17⟩ c-ceyya nāṭṭōmum   Iṉṉāṭṭu Uṟattū-
⟨18⟩ rai paḻam perum paḻaṅ kuṭiyu n¡i!⟨ī⟩kki karuppū-
⟨19⟩ r eṉṉum pēyar ākki Āṭṭai-vaṭṭam nilai 
⟨20⟩ y-iṟai tālac cemmai poṉ Irupattai-
⟨21⟩ ¡y!ṅ kaḻañc’ ākki nāṭṭōm tarañ ceyum po-
⟨22⟩ ṉ Irupattai¡y!ṅ kaḻañcum allatu Ēṟat ta-
Zone B
⟨23⟩ rañ ceyyātat’ ākavum   I-
⟨24⟩ pparicu karuppūr-uṭaiya vē-
⟨25⟩ ṅkaṭavaṉ Araṅkaṉ-āṉa 
⟨26⟩ cempiyaṉ viṟai¡ṉ!⟨n⟩āṭ-
⟨27⟩ ṭu kōṉārkku janmapūmi-y-āka 
⟨28⟩ karuppūr eṉṉum (pē)yar(i)ṉāl 
⟨29⟩ cantrātittaval kāṇi-y-āka A-
⟨30⟩ ṟai-y-ōlai ceytu kuṭut-
⟨31⟩ tōm kuṉṟakkūṟṟattu nāṭ-
⟨32⟩ ṭōm (ci)ṟṟiṟaiyum Aṇa-
⟨33⟩ [1 illegible line]   
Zone C
⟨34⟩ Ivai paḻuvēṭṭaraiyaṉ (kaṇṭa)ṉ maṟa-
⟨35⟩ vaṉēṉ Ivai E¡ṉṉ!⟨ṉ⟩ eḻuttu [*] Ipparicu I-
⟨36⟩ caintō⟨m⟩ marutūr-uṭaiya kāṭaṉ mā(ṟu)yaṉē-
⟨37⟩ ṉ Ivaiy e¡ṉṉ!⟨ṉ⟩ eḻuttu ___   
Zone D
⟨38⟩ [1 lost line] 
⟨39⟩ (ṉa/ḷa)ṭṭār (A)ṟaiyō [*] la[**]-
⟨40⟩ l eḻutt’ eḻutaṉārai y-eḻutiya 
⟨41⟩ [**] mallūr-uṭaiya caṅkaṉ nāke-
⟨42⟩ [**] kamāṉṉ eṉ Eḻuttu(p) puttūr-u-
⟨43⟩ ṭaiya tū(caṭi) kōṉ{e} E¿ṉa?⟨ḻu⟩ttu 
⟨44⟩ Āṟaṇitallūr-Uṭaiya ceruvan 
⟨45⟩ (U)ta co(mi)tēvaṉ cuvāmi E⟨ḻu⟩ttu 
⟨46⟩ cāttaṉūr-uṭaiya tiṇeyāṉ mā-
⟨47⟩ yilaṭṭi Eḻuttu _ mēlmaru{t}-
⟨48⟩ ttūr-uṭaiya tiṇaiyāṉ kuṭitara-
⟨49⟩ ṅki Eḻuttu paṭṭ-uṭaiya (c)iṅka-
⟨50⟩ ṉeyyoṟaṉ eḻuttu 
⟨51⟩ Umapaḷakkāṉattūr-uṭai-
⟨52⟩ ya Oṉeṉpāmpaṉ eḻu-
⟨53⟩ ttu Āṇpāṉ cukūr-u-
⟨54⟩ ṭaiya cāttaṉ nampaṉ e-
⟨55⟩ ḻuttu kuṟṟūr-uṭaiyaṉ ṉe-
⟨56⟩ [1 lost line]-
⟨57⟩ ttu vākūr-uṭaiya Oṉeṉ-
⟨58⟩ (pa)mpal eḻuttu (Ali?)mi[*]-
⟨59⟩ Uṭaiya ve(li)taraṅki Eḻuttu 
⟨60⟩ Āttūr-uṭaiya cāttaṉ tara-
⟨61⟩ [*] Eḻuttu (௳) kuḷattūr-uṭaiya 
⟨62⟩ Aṉaiyaṉamutaṉ eḻuttu 
⟨63⟩ varākupāṭi-Uṭaiya māṉtaṉp-
⟨64⟩ peraiyaṉ eḻuttu ____   
Zone E
⟨65⟩ (caṅ)kaṇamūr-uṭaiya kāra[**]mu-
⟨66⟩ kaṉ Eḻuttu [***]-Uṭaiya 
⟨67⟩ vaṭukaṉ pūti y-eḻuttu ⁋ timmi-
⟨68⟩ y-uṭaiya cuntaracōḻapperunti-
⟨69⟩ ṇ(ai) y-eḻuttu ⁋ puttūr-uṭaiya Ā-
⟨70⟩ ramālakkōṉ peraiya-
⟨71⟩ ṉ eḻuttu (pe)raṟconi-y-u-
⟨72⟩ ṭaiya Araiyaṉāccaṉ e-
⟨73⟩ ḻuttu || ciṅkaraṉattūr-uṭai-
⟨74⟩ ya perumāṉ maḻapāṭi y-eḻu-
⟨75⟩ [ttu] [*****] ppati-Uṭaiya 
⟨76⟩ kali(yiva) [***] y-(e)ḻut-
⟨77⟩ tu || kūṟaṅ [*] ṭaiya maṟava ko-
⟨78⟩ ṉ peruna [*] ṇai Eḻuttu 
⟨79⟩ kaṟakāṭṭur-uṭaiya vempa-
⟨80⟩ ṉuḷveli Eḻuttu 
⟨81⟩ pokaḻi-y-uṭaiya kaṇṭama-
⟨82⟩ laiyama[*]ṉ eḻuttu 
⟨83⟩ kiḷiy-u(ṭai)ya nāraṇaṉā-
⟨84⟩  [*] ṅkay eḻuttu[***]-
⟨85⟩ ṇi-y-uṭaiya kaṇṭap pe[**]-
⟨86⟩ ṉ eḻuttu ciṅkaṇamūr-uṭai-
⟨87⟩ ya paṭaipperaiyaṉa(ddhay)āṟa-
⟨88⟩ ṉ eḻuttu || Aruṅkarayil-u-
⟨89⟩ ṭaiya Āccaṉ nakkaṉ e-
⟨90⟩ ḻuttu _ Āṉaiñallū-
⟨91⟩ r-uṭaiya nakkaṉ kumaraṉ eḻut-
⟨92⟩ tu _ vaṭavacukūr-uṭaiya niru(pa/va)-
⟨93⟩ [*] kacarama(lai)ya [**] ṉ (e)ḻu(ttu) 
⟨94⟩ mālvāyil-uṭaiya mana-
⟨95⟩ vakōṉ pe(rai)yaṉ eḻu-
⟨96⟩ ttu ||  

⟨Zone A⟩ ⟨1⟩ svasti śrī

kō-p-parakēcari-paṉmaṟkku yā⟨2⟩ṇṭu 10 5-Āvatu

nā⟨12⟩ṭu tarañ ceyyum pōtu Irupattai¡y!ṅ ⟨13⟩ kaḻañcum allatu Ēṟat tarañ ceyyāta⟨14⟩t’ ākavum

Ipparicu candrādittavat kāṇi⟨15⟩-y-ākac ceytu kuṭuttōm nāṭṭār niṅ⟨16⟩kaḷum Ipparicu ceytu kuṭuṅkaḷ eṉṟ’ aruḷi⟨17⟩c-ceyya nāṭṭōmum

⟨Zone C⟩ ⟨34⟩ Ivai paḻuvēṭṭaraiyaṉ (kaṇṭa)ṉ maṟa⟨35⟩vaṉēṉ Ivai E¡ṉṉ!⟨ṉ⟩ eḻuttu [1×] Ipparicu I⟨36⟩caintō⟨m⟩ marutūr-uṭaiya kāṭaṉ mā(ṟu)yaṉē⟨37⟩ṉ Ivaiy e¡ṉṉ!⟨ṉ⟩ eḻuttu ___

⟨Zone D⟩ ⟨38⟩ [1 lost line] ⟨39⟩ (ṉa/ḷa)ṭṭār (A)ṟaiyō [1×] la[2×]⟨40⟩l eḻutt’ eḻutaṉārai y-eḻutiya ⟨41⟩ [2×] mallūr-uṭaiya caṅkaṉ nāke⟨42⟩[2×] kamāṉṉ eṉ Eḻuttu(p) puttūr-u⟨43⟩ṭaiya tū(caṭi) kōṉ{e} E¿ṉa?⟨ḻu⟩ttu ⟨44⟩ Āṟaṇitallūr-Uṭaiya ceruvan ⟨45⟩ (U)ta co(mi)tēvaṉ cuvāmi E⟨ḻu⟩ttu ⟨46⟩ cāttaṉūr-uṭaiya tiṇeyāṉ mā⟨47⟩yilaṭṭi Eḻuttu _ mēlmaru{t}⟨48⟩ttūr-uṭaiya tiṇaiyāṉ kuṭitara⟨49⟩ṅki Eḻuttu paṭṭ-uṭaiya (c)iṅka⟨50⟩ṉeyyoṟaṉ eḻuttu ⟨51⟩ Umapaḷakkāṉattūr-uṭai⟨52⟩ya Oṉeṉpāmpaṉ eḻu⟨53⟩ttu Āṇpāṉ cukūr-u⟨54⟩ṭaiya cāttaṉ nampaṉ e⟨55⟩ḻuttu kuṟṟūr-uṭaiyaṉ ṉe⟨56⟩[1 lost line]⟨57⟩ttu vākūr-uṭaiya Oṉeṉ⟨58⟩(pa)mpal eḻuttu (Ali?)mi[1×]⟨59⟩Uṭaiya ve(li)taraṅki Eḻuttu ⟨60⟩ Āttūr-uṭaiya cāttaṉ tara⟨61⟩[1×] Eḻuttu (௳) kuḷattūr-uṭaiya ⟨62⟩ Aṉaiyaṉamutaṉ eḻuttu ⟨63⟩ varākupāṭi-Uṭaiya māṉtaṉp⟨64⟩peraiyaṉ eḻuttu ____

⟨Zone E⟩ ⟨65⟩ (caṅ)kaṇamūr-uṭaiya kāra[2×]mu⟨66⟩kaṉ Eḻuttu [3×]-Uṭaiya ⟨67⟩ vaṭukaṉ pūti y-eḻuttu ⁋ timmi⟨68⟩y-uṭaiya cuntaracōḻapperunti⟨69⟩ṇ(ai) y-eḻuttu ⁋ puttūr-uṭaiya Ā⟨70⟩ramālakkōṉ peraiya⟨71⟩ṉ eḻuttu (pe)raṟconi-y-u⟨72⟩ṭaiya Araiyaṉāccaṉ e⟨73⟩ḻuttu || ciṅkaraṉattūr-uṭai⟨74⟩ya perumāṉ maḻapāṭi y-eḻu⟨75⟩[ttu] [5×] ppati-Uṭaiya ⟨76⟩ kali(yiva) [3×] y-(e)ḻut⟨77⟩tu || kūṟaṅ [1×] ṭaiya maṟava ko⟨78⟩ṉ peruna [1×] ṇai Eḻuttu ⟨79⟩ kaṟakāṭṭur-uṭaiya vempa⟨80⟩ṉuḷveli Eḻuttu ⟨81⟩ pokaḻi-y-uṭaiya kaṇṭama⟨82⟩laiyama[1×]ṉ eḻuttu ⟨83⟩ kiḷiy-u(ṭai)ya nāraṇaṉā⟨84⟩ [1×] ṅkay eḻuttu[3×]⟨85⟩ṇi-y-uṭaiya kaṇṭap pe[2×]⟨86⟩ṉ eḻuttu ciṅkaṇamūr-uṭai⟨87⟩ya paṭaipperaiyaṉa(ddhay)āṟa⟨88⟩ṉ eḻuttu || Aruṅkarayil-u⟨89⟩ṭaiya Āccaṉ nakkaṉ e⟨90⟩ḻuttu _ Āṉaiñallū⟨91⟩r-uṭaiya nakkaṉ kumaraṉ eḻut⟨92⟩tu _ vaṭavacukūr-uṭaiya niru(pa/va)⟨93⟩[1×] kacarama(lai)ya [2×] ṉ (e)ḻu(ttu) ⟨94⟩ mālvāyil-uṭaiya mana⟨95⟩vakōṉ pe(rai)yaṉ eḻu⟨96⟩ttu ||

Translation by Gillet 2024

Fortune! Prosperity! This is the 15th year of Kōpparakesarivarman. To us, the Nāṭṭār of Kuṉṟakkūṟṟam, Aṭikaḷ Paḻuvēṭṭaraiyar Kaṇṭaṉ Maṟavaṉār [ordered]: having removed (nīkki) the old (paḻaṅ) cultivators (kuṭiyum) and the old (paḻam) name (pērum) of Uṟattūr of this nāṭu, as birth-land (janma bhūmiyai) to the chieftain (kōṉār) of Viṟaināṭu, lord (uṭaiyaṉ) of Karuppūr, Veṅkaṭavaṉ Araṅkaṉ alias Cempiyaṉ, having made it into a kāṇi (kaṇi-ceytu) with the name (pēriṉāl) of Karuppūr (karuppūr eṉṉum); to this (itukku), every year (āṭṭai-vaṭṭam), twenty five (irupattayaṅ) kaḻancus of wordly (tālam)¹ fine gold (cemmai poṉ), as long as the sun and the moon endure, are set (āvatākavum) [as] a permanent tax (nilai iṟai); having come (pōtu) to make (ceyyum) the assessment (tarañ) of this nāṭu, the assessment (tarañ) should not be made (ceyyātākavum) more than (allatu ēṟa, lit. so that it does not rise above) twenty five kaḻañcus; in this manner (ipparicu), having made (ceytu) [it] into a kāṇi (kāṇiyāka), as long as the sun and the moon endure, we gave (kuṭuttōm); when he² graciously ordered (aruḷicceyya, lit. graciously made) “you also (niṅkaḷum) the Nāṭṭār, having made (ceytu) in this manner (ipparicu), you give (kuṭuṅkaḷ)” (eṉṟu), we, all the Nāṭṭār (nāṭṭōmum), having removed (nīkki) the old (paḻaṅ) cultivators (kuṭiyum) and the old (paḻam) name (pērum) of Uṟattūr of this nāṭu, having taken (ākki, lit. having become) the name (pēyar) of Karuppūr (karuppūr eṉṉum), having fixed (ākki, lit. having become) twenty five kaḻañcus of wordly (tāla) fine (cemmai) gold (poṉ) for permanent tax (nilai iṟai) every year (āṭṭai-vaṭṭam), we the Nāṭṭar (nāṭṭōm), when making (ceyyum) the assessment (tarañ), we should not make (ceyyātatākavum) the assessment (tarañ) above (ēṟa) that which is not (allatu) twenty five kaḻañcus of gold (poṉ); in this manner (ipparicu), as birth-land (janma-pūmiyāka) to the chieftain (kōṉār) of Viṟaināṭu, lord (uṭaiya) of Karuppūr, Veṅkaṭavaṉ Araṅkaṉ alias Cempiyaṉ, as kāṇi (kāṇiyāka), as long and the sun and the moon endure, with the name Karuppūr, having made (ceytu) the palm-leaf (ōlai) drum-beating (aṟai),³ we gave (kuṭuttōm), we the Nāṭṭār (nāṭṭōm) of Kuṉṟakkūṟṟam; all small taxes (ciṟṟiṟaiyum) […]

These (ivai), I Paḻuvēṭṭaraiyaṉ Kaṇṭaṉ Maṟavaṉ, I have written (eṉṉ-eḻuttu) these (ivai); we have agreed (icaintōm) in this manner (ipparicu); I the Lord (uṭaiya) of Marutūr, Kāṭaṉ Māṟuyaṉ, I have written (eṉṉ-eḻuttu) these (ivai).

[That which is] signed (eḻutiya, lit. written) by the signatories (eḻutaṉār-ai), having signed (eḻuttu) […] I, lord (uṭaiya) of […]mallūr, Caṅkaṉ Nake[…]kamāṉ, have signed (eḻuttu); I, lord of Puttūr, Tūcaṭikōṉ, have signed (eṉattu > eḻuttu); the lord (uṭaiya) of Āraṇitallūr, Ceruvanuta Cōmitēvaṉ Cuvāmi, has signed (ettu > eḻuttu); the lord (uṭaiya) of Cāttaṉūr, Tiṇeyāṉ Māyilaṭṭi, has signed (eḻuttu); the lord (uṭaiya) of Mēlmaruttūr, Tiṇaiyāṉ Kuṭitaraṅki, has signed (eḻuttu); the Paṭṭuṭaiyāṉ Ciṅkaṉeyyoṟaṉ has signed (eḻuttu); the lord (uṭaiya) of Umapaḷakkāṉattūr, Oṉeṉpāmpaṉ, has signed (eḻuttu); the lord (uṭaiya) of Āṇpāṉcukūr, Cāttaṉ Nampaṉ, has signed (eḻuttu); the lord (uṭaiya) of Kuṟṟūr, Ne […] ; the lord (uṭaiya) of Vākūr, Oṉeṉvampal, has signed (eḻuttu); the lord (uṭaiya) of […], Velitaraṅki, has signed (eḻuttu); the lord (uṭaiya) of Āttūr, Cāttaṉ Tara[…], has signed (eḻuttu); the lord (uṭaiya) of Kuḷattūr, Aṉaiyaṉamutaṉ, has signed (eḻuttu); the lord (uṭaiya) of Varākupāṭi, Māṉtaṉpperaiyaṉ, has signed (eḻuttu); the lord (uṭaiya) of Caṅkaṇamur, Kāra[…]mukaṉ, has signed (eḻuttu); the lord (uṭaiya) of […], Vaṭukaṉ Pūti, has signed (eḻuttu); the lord (uṭaiya) of Timmi, Cuntara Cōḻapperuntiṇai, has signed (eḻuttu); the lord (uṭaiya) of Puttūr, Āramālakkōṉ Peraiyaṉ, has signed (eḻuttu); the lord (uṭaiya) of Peraṟconi, Araiyaṉāccaṉ, has signed (eḻuttu); the lord (uṭaiya) of Ciṅkaraṉattūr, Perumāṉ Maḻapāṭi, has signed (eḻuttu); the lord (uṭaiya) of […]ppaṭi, Kaliyiva[…], has signed (eḻuttu); the Lord (uṭaiya) of Kūraṅ[ku], Maṟava Kōṉ Perun[ti]ṇai, has signed (eḻuttu); the lord (uṭaiya) of Kaṟakāṭṭur, Vempaṉuḷveli, has signed (eḻuttu); the lord (uṭaiya) of Pokaḻi, Kaṇṭamalaiyama[…]ṉ, has signed (eḻuttu); the lord (uṭaiya) of Kiḷi, Nāraṇaṉā[…]ṅkay, has signed (eḻuttu); the lord (uṭaiya) of […], Kaṇṭappe[…], has signed (eḻuttu); the lord (uṭaiya) of Ciṅkaṇamur, Paṭaipperaiyaṉ Addhayāṟaṉ, has signed (eḻuttu); the lord (uṭaiya) of Aruṅkarayil, Āccaṉ Nakkaṉ, has signed (eḻuttu); the Lord (uṭaiya) of Āṉaiñallūr, Nakkaṉ Kumaraṉ, has signed (eḻuttu); the Lord (uṭaiya) of Vaṭavacukūr, Nirupa/va[…] Kacaramalaiya[…]ṉ, has signed (eḻuttu); the lord (uṭaiya) of Mālvāyil, Manavakōṉ Peraiyaṉ, has signed (eḻuttu).

Commentary

The epigraph is inscribed on 3 wall sections: A and B on the eastern side of the main niche of the southern façade; C on southernmost wall section of the eastern façade. Moreover, it is not inscribed continuously: from lines 1 to 22, inscribed from the middle of wall section A; from lines 23 to 33, inscribed on the bottom of wall section B; lines 34 to 37, inscribed on top of wall section A; lines 38 to 64, inscribed on the upper part of wall section B; lines 65 to 96, inscribed on the wall section C. From the line 34, this is a series of signatures. The editions in SII do not consider the signatures after the line 37. Only the revised edition in Āvaṇam includes them.

Bibliography

Reported in ARIE 1923-1924 (ARIE/1923-1924/C/1924/356).

Edited (36 lines) in Srinivasa Rao et al. 1967 (SII 19.378), in Swaminathan 2012 (SII 32.2.166). Edited (93 lines), in Tiyākarācaṉ 1993 (Āvaṇam 3.2). Edited and translated in Gillet 2024, based on autopsyand photographs (by Valérie Gillet, 2016-2018).

This digital edition by Valérie Gillet and Emmanuel Francis.

Primary

[SR] Srinivasa Rao, G.V., Dines Chandra Sircar and G.S. Gai. 1967. South-Indian inscriptions. Volume XIX: Inscriptions of Parakesarivarman. South Indian Inscriptions 19. Delhi: Archaeological survey of India (Manager of Publications). Pages 197–198, item 378.

[S] Swaminathan, S. 2012. South Indian inscriptions. Volume XXXII: inscriptions of the early Chola kings upto Uttama Chola. South Indian Inscriptions 32. New Delhi: Archaeological survey of India (Director General). Part II, pages 292–294, item 166.

[T] Tiyākarācaṉ, Ila. 1993. “paluvūrp paḻuvēṭṭaraiyar kalveṭṭu.” Āvaṇam 3, pp. 8–10.

Secondary

ARIE 1923-1924. Annual report on South-Indian epigraphy for the year ending 31st March 1924. Edited by G. Venkoba Rao. Madras: Government Press, 1925. Page 73, appendix C/1924, item 356.

Notes

1. tāla is clearly legible but it is very difficult to make sense of it here in relation with gold. It means, besides “earth” and “world”, “Palmyra tree, metal plate, tongue”.
2. The Paḻuvēṭṭaraiyar is probably the one uttering the order.
3. It is traditionally considered that they were reciting the text inscribed of the palm-leaf along with the beating of the drum, and hereaṟai-tal should be taken as referring to the beating of the drum.

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<title>Mēlappaḻuvūr, Kīḻaiyūr, Ireṭṭaikkōyil, Agastyeśvara, time of Parakesarivarman, year 15</title>

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<summary><p>AIM, southern shrine; on the two wall sections on the eastern side of the niche of Śiva on the southern façade of the sanctuary and on the southernmost wall section of the eastern façade of the sanctuary; c) personally located and read in situ; SII 19, no. 378 [lines 1 to 37]; SII 32, part 2, no. 166 [lines 1 to 37]; <foreign>Āvaṇam</foreign> 3.2 [complete inscription]; 15th regnal year of Kōpparakesarivarman = probably Uttamacōḻa (<foreign>circa</foreign> 986 A.D.); the inscription is not engraved continuously: I have given the details in the edition itself. Lines 38–96 record a list of signatures which may have been added later, because the script is slightly different from the first part (lines 1–37).</p></summary>

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<lb n="1"/><hi rend="grantha">svasti śrī</hi>

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kō-p-parakēcari-paṉmaṟkku yā

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<p>kuṉṟakkūṟṟattu nāṭ

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nā

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<lb n="13"/>kaḻañcum allatu Ēṟat tarañ ceyyāta

<lb n="14" break="no"/>t' ākavum

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Ipparicu <hi rend="grantha">candrādi</hi>ttavat kāṇi

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<lb n="17" break="no"/>c-ceyya nāṭṭōmum

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<lb n="24" break="no"/>pparicu <placeName>karuppūr</placeName>-uṭaiya vē

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<lb n="71" break="no"/>ṉ eḻuttu <placeName><unclear>pe</unclear>raṟconi</placeName>-y-u

<lb n="72" break="no"/>ṭaiya Araiyaṉāccaṉ e

<lb n="73" break="no"/>ḻuttu <g type="ddanda">.</g> <placeName>ciṅkaraṉattūr</placeName>-uṭai

<lb n="74" break="no"/>ya perumāṉ maḻapāṭi y-eḻu

<lb n="75" break="no"/><supplied reason="lost">ttu</supplied> <placeName><gap reason="illegible" quantity="5" unit="character"/> ppati</placeName>-Uṭaiya

<lb n="76"/>kali<unclear>yiva</unclear> <gap reason="illegible" quantity="3" unit="character"/> y-<unclear>e</unclear>ḻut

<lb n="77" break="no"/>tu <g type="ddanda">.</g> kūṟaṅ <gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/> ṭaiya maṟava ko

<lb n="78" break="no"/>ṉ peruna <gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/> ṇai Eḻuttu

<lb n="79"/>kaṟakāṭṭur-uṭaiya vempa

<lb n="80" break="no"/>ṉuḷveli Eḻuttu

<lb n="81"/><placeName>pokaḻi</placeName>-y-uṭaiya kaṇṭama

<lb n="82" break="no"/>laiyama<gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/>ṉ eḻuttu

<lb n="83"/>kiḷiy-u<unclear>ṭai</unclear>ya nāraṇaṉā

<lb n="84" break="no"/> <gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/> ṅkay eḻuttu <placeName><gap reason="illegible" quantity="3" unit="character"/>

<lb n="85" break="no"/>ṇi</placeName>-y-uṭaiya kaṇṭap pe <gap reason="illegible" quantity="2" unit="character"/>

<lb n="86" break="no"/>ṉ eḻuttu <placeName>ciṅkaṇamūr</placeName>-uṭai

<lb n="87" break="no"/>ya paṭaipperaiyaṉa<unclear>ddhay</unclear>āṟa

<lb n="88" break="no"/>ṉ eḻuttu <g type="ddanda">.</g> <placeName>Aruṅkarayil</placeName>-u

<lb n="89" break="no"/>ṭaiya Āccaṉ nakkaṉ e

<lb n="90" break="no"/>ḻuttu <space unit="character" quantity="1"/> <placeName>Āṉaiñallū

<lb n="91" break="no"/>r</placeName>-uṭaiya nakkaṉ kumaraṉ eḻut

<lb n="92" break="no"/>tu <space unit="character" quantity="1"/> <placeName>vaṭavacukūr</placeName>-uṭaiya niru<choice><unclear>pa</unclear><unclear>va</unclear></choice>

<lb n="93" break="no"/><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/> kacarama<unclear>lai</unclear>ya <gap reason="illegible" quantity="2" unit="character"/> ṉ <unclear>e</unclear>ḻu<unclear>ttu</unclear>

<lb n="94"/><placeName>mālvāyil</placeName>-uṭaiya mana

<lb n="95" break="no"/>vakōṉ pe<unclear>rai</unclear>yaṉ eḻu

</p>

</div>

<p>Fortune! Prosperity! This is the 15th year of Kōpparakesarivarman. To us, the Nāṭṭār of Kuṉṟakkūṟṟam, Aṭikaḷ Paḻuvēṭṭaraiyar Kaṇṭaṉ Maṟavaṉār <supplied reason="subaudible">ordered</supplied>: having removed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nīkki</foreign></supplied> the old <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>paḻaṅ</foreign></supplied> cultivators <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kuṭiyum</foreign></supplied> and the old <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>paḻam</foreign></supplied> name <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>pērum</foreign></supplied> of Uṟattūr of this <foreign>nāṭu</foreign>, as birth-land <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>janma bhūmiyai</foreign></supplied> to the chieftain <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kōṉār</foreign></supplied> of Viṟaināṭu, lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṭaiyaṉ</foreign></supplied> of Karuppūr, Veṅkaṭavaṉ Araṅkaṉ alias Cempiyaṉ, having made it into a <foreign>kāṇi</foreign> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kaṇi-ceytu</foreign></supplied> with the name <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>pēriṉāl</foreign></supplied> of Karuppūr <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>karuppūr eṉṉum</foreign></supplied>; to this <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>itukku</foreign></supplied>, every year <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>āṭṭai-vaṭṭam</foreign></supplied>, twenty five <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>irupattayaṅ</foreign></supplied> <foreign>kaḻancu</foreign>s of wordly <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tālam</foreign></supplied><note><foreign>tāla</foreign> is clearly legible but it is very difficult to make sense of it here in relation with gold. It means, besides “earth” and “world”, “Palmyra tree, metal plate, tongue”.</note> fine gold <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>cemmai poṉ</foreign></supplied>, as long as the sun and the moon endure, are set <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>āvatākavum</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">as</supplied> a permanent tax <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nilai iṟai</foreign></supplied>; having come <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>pōtu</foreign></supplied> to make <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ceyyum</foreign></supplied> the assessment <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tarañ</foreign></supplied> of this <foreign>nāṭu</foreign>, the assessment <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tarañ</foreign></supplied> should not be made <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ceyyātākavum</foreign></supplied> more than <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>allatu ēṟa</foreign>, lit. so that it does not rise above</supplied> twenty five <foreign>kaḻañcu</foreign>s; in this manner <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ipparicu</foreign></supplied>, having made <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ceytu</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">it</supplied> into a <foreign>kāṇi</foreign> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kāṇiyāka</foreign></supplied>, as long as the sun and the moon endure, we gave <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kuṭuttōm</foreign></supplied>; when he<note>The Paḻuvēṭṭaraiyar is probably the one uttering the order.</note> graciously ordered <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>aruḷicceyya</foreign>, lit. graciously made</supplied> “you also <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>niṅkaḷum</foreign></supplied> the Nāṭṭār, having made <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ceytu</foreign></supplied> in this manner <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ipparicu</foreign></supplied>, you give <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kuṭuṅkaḷ</foreign></supplied>” <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eṉṟu</foreign></supplied>, we, all the Nāṭṭār <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nāṭṭōmum</foreign></supplied>, having removed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nīkki</foreign></supplied> the old <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>paḻaṅ</foreign></supplied> cultivators <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kuṭiyum</foreign></supplied> and the old <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>paḻam</foreign></supplied> name <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>pērum</foreign></supplied> of Uṟattūr of this <foreign>nāṭu</foreign>, having taken <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ākki</foreign>, lit. having become</supplied> the name <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>pēyar</foreign></supplied> of Karuppūr <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>karuppūr eṉṉum</foreign></supplied>, having fixed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ākki</foreign>, lit. having become</supplied> twenty five <foreign>kaḻañcu</foreign>s of wordly <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tāla</foreign></supplied> fine <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>cemmai</foreign></supplied> gold <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>poṉ</foreign></supplied> for permanent tax <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nilai iṟai</foreign></supplied> every year <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>āṭṭai-vaṭṭam</foreign></supplied>, we the Nāṭṭar <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nāṭṭōm</foreign></supplied>, when making <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ceyyum</foreign></supplied> the assessment <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tarañ</foreign></supplied>, we should not make <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ceyyātatākavum</foreign></supplied> the assessment <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tarañ</foreign></supplied> above <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ēṟa</foreign></supplied> that which is not <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>allatu</foreign></supplied> twenty five <foreign>kaḻañcu</foreign>s of gold <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>poṉ</foreign></supplied>; in this manner <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ipparicu</foreign></supplied>, as birth-land <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>janma-pūmiyāka</foreign></supplied> to the chieftain <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kōṉār</foreign></supplied> of Viṟaināṭu, lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṭaiya</foreign></supplied> of Karuppūr, Veṅkaṭavaṉ Araṅkaṉ alias Cempiyaṉ, as <foreign>kāṇi</foreign> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kāṇiyāka</foreign></supplied>, as long and the sun and the moon endure, with the name Karuppūr, having made <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ceytu</foreign></supplied> the palm-leaf <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ōlai</foreign></supplied> drum-beating <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>aṟai</foreign></supplied>,<note>It is traditionally considered that they were reciting the text inscribed of the palm-leaf along with the beating of the drum, and here<foreign>aṟai-tal</foreign> should be taken as referring to the beating of the drum.</note> we gave <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kuṭuttōm</foreign></supplied>, we the Nāṭṭār <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nāṭṭōm</foreign></supplied> of Kuṉṟakkūṟṟam; all small taxes <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ciṟṟiṟaiyum</foreign></supplied> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/></p><p>These <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ivai</foreign></supplied>, I Paḻuvēṭṭaraiyaṉ Kaṇṭaṉ Maṟavaṉ, I have written <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eṉṉ-eḻuttu</foreign></supplied> these <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ivai</foreign></supplied>; we have agreed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>icaintōm</foreign></supplied> in this manner <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ipparicu</foreign></supplied>; I the Lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṭaiya</foreign></supplied> of Marutūr, Kāṭaṉ Māṟuyaṉ, I have written <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eṉṉ-eḻuttu</foreign></supplied> these <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ivai</foreign></supplied>.</p><p><supplied reason="subaudible">That which is</supplied> signed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eḻutiya</foreign>, lit. written</supplied> by the signatories <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eḻutaṉār-ai</foreign></supplied>, having signed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eḻuttu</foreign></supplied> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> I, lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṭaiya</foreign></supplied> of <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>mallūr, Caṅkaṉ Nake<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>kamāṉ, have signed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eḻuttu</foreign></supplied>; I, lord of Puttūr, Tūcaṭikōṉ, have signed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eṉattu</foreign> > <foreign>eḻuttu</foreign></supplied>; the lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṭaiya</foreign></supplied> of Āraṇitallūr, Ceruvanuta Cōmitēvaṉ Cuvāmi, has signed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ettu</foreign> > <foreign>eḻuttu</foreign></supplied>; the lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṭaiya</foreign></supplied> of Cāttaṉūr, Tiṇeyāṉ Māyilaṭṭi, has signed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eḻuttu</foreign></supplied>; the lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṭaiya</foreign></supplied> of Mēlmaruttūr, Tiṇaiyāṉ Kuṭitaraṅki, has signed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eḻuttu</foreign></supplied>; the Paṭṭuṭaiyāṉ Ciṅkaṉeyyoṟaṉ has signed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eḻuttu</foreign></supplied>; the lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṭaiya</foreign></supplied> of Umapaḷakkāṉattūr, Oṉeṉpāmpaṉ, has signed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eḻuttu</foreign></supplied>; the lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṭaiya</foreign></supplied> of Āṇpāṉcukūr, Cāttaṉ Nampaṉ, has signed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eḻuttu</foreign></supplied>; the lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṭaiya</foreign></supplied> of Kuṟṟūr, Ne <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> ; the lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṭaiya</foreign></supplied> of Vākūr, Oṉeṉvampal, has signed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eḻuttu</foreign></supplied>; the lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṭaiya</foreign></supplied> of <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>, Velitaraṅki, has signed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eḻuttu</foreign></supplied>; the lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṭaiya</foreign></supplied> of Āttūr, Cāttaṉ Tara<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>, has signed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eḻuttu</foreign></supplied>; the lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṭaiya</foreign></supplied> of Kuḷattūr, Aṉaiyaṉamutaṉ, has signed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eḻuttu</foreign></supplied>; the lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṭaiya</foreign></supplied> of Varākupāṭi, Māṉtaṉpperaiyaṉ, has signed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eḻuttu</foreign></supplied>; the lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṭaiya</foreign></supplied> of Caṅkaṇamur, Kāra<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>mukaṉ, has signed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eḻuttu</foreign></supplied>; the lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṭaiya</foreign></supplied> of <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>, Vaṭukaṉ Pūti, has signed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eḻuttu</foreign></supplied>; the lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṭaiya</foreign></supplied> of Timmi, Cuntara Cōḻapperuntiṇai, has signed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eḻuttu</foreign></supplied>; the lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṭaiya</foreign></supplied> of Puttūr, Āramālakkōṉ Peraiyaṉ, has signed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eḻuttu</foreign></supplied>; the lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṭaiya</foreign></supplied> of Peraṟconi, Araiyaṉāccaṉ, has signed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eḻuttu</foreign></supplied>; the lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṭaiya</foreign></supplied> of Ciṅkaraṉattūr, Perumāṉ Maḻapāṭi, has signed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eḻuttu</foreign></supplied>; the lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṭaiya</foreign></supplied> of <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>ppaṭi, Kaliyiva<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>, has signed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eḻuttu</foreign></supplied>; the Lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṭaiya</foreign></supplied> of Kūraṅ<supplied reason="lost">ku</supplied>, Maṟava Kōṉ Perun<supplied reason="lost">ti</supplied>ṇai, has signed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eḻuttu</foreign></supplied>; the lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṭaiya</foreign></supplied> of Kaṟakāṭṭur, Vempaṉuḷveli, has signed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eḻuttu</foreign></supplied>; the lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṭaiya</foreign></supplied> of Pokaḻi, Kaṇṭamalaiyama<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>ṉ, has signed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eḻuttu</foreign></supplied>; the lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṭaiya</foreign></supplied> of Kiḷi, Nāraṇaṉā<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>ṅkay, has signed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eḻuttu</foreign></supplied>; the lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṭaiya</foreign></supplied> of <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>, Kaṇṭappe<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>, has signed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eḻuttu</foreign></supplied>; the lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṭaiya</foreign></supplied> of Ciṅkaṇamur, Paṭaipperaiyaṉ A<foreign>ddha</foreign>yāṟaṉ, has signed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eḻuttu</foreign></supplied>; the lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṭaiya</foreign></supplied> of Aruṅkarayil, Āccaṉ Nakkaṉ, has signed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eḻuttu</foreign></supplied>; the Lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṭaiya</foreign></supplied> of Āṉaiñallūr, Nakkaṉ Kumaraṉ, has signed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eḻuttu</foreign></supplied>; the Lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṭaiya</foreign></supplied> of Vaṭavacukūr, Nirupa/va<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> Kacaramalaiya<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>ṉ, has signed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eḻuttu</foreign></supplied>; the lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṭaiya</foreign></supplied> of Mālvāyil, Manavakōṉ Peraiyaṉ, has signed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eḻuttu</foreign></supplied>.</p>

</div>

<p>The epigraph is inscribed on 3 wall sections: A and B on the eastern side of the main niche of the southern façade; C on southernmost wall section of the eastern façade. Moreover, it is not inscribed continuously: from lines 1 to 22, inscribed from the middle of wall section A; from lines 23 to 33, inscribed on the bottom of wall section B; lines 34 to 37, inscribed on top of wall section A; lines 38 to 64, inscribed on the upper part of wall section B; lines 65 to 96, inscribed on the wall section C. From the line 34, this is a series of signatures. The editions in SII do not consider the signatures after the line 37. Only the revised edition in <foreign>Āvaṇam</foreign> includes them.</p>

</div>

<p>Reported in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1923-1924"/></bibl> (ARIE/1923-1924/C/1924/356).</p>

<p>Edited (36 lines) in <bibl><ptr target="bib:SrinivasaRao1967_01"/></bibl> (SII 19.378), in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Swaminathan2012_01"/></bibl> (SII 32.2.166). Edited (93 lines), in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Tiyakaracan1993_01"/></bibl> (Āvaṇam 3.2). Edited and translated in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Gillet2024_01"/></bibl>, based on autopsyand photographs (<ref target="https://didomena.ehess.fr/concern/data_sets/9880w105r">by Valérie Gillet, 2016-2018</ref>).</p>

<p>This digital edition by Valérie Gillet and Emmanuel Francis.</p>

</bibl>

</bibl>

</bibl>

</listBibl>

<bibl>

</bibl>

</listBibl>

</div>

</body>

</text>

</TEI>

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face, time of Kōpparakesarivarman (Uttamacōḻa), year 15-->