Mēlappaḻuvūr, Kīḻaiyūr, Ireṭṭaikkōyil, Agastyeśvara, time of Rājakesarin, year 12

Editors: Valérie Gillet, Emmanuel Francis.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSMelKil00007.

Summary: AIM, southern shrine; on the wall section immediately to the west of the niche of Brahmā, northern façade of the sanctuary; 12th regnal year of Kōrājakesarivarman = Cōḻa king unidentified.

Hand description:

Language: Tamil.

Repository: Mēlappaḻuvūr & Kīḻappaḻuvūr (tfa-melappaluvur-kilappaluvur-epigraphy).

Version: 2025-06-01 14:42 (0c6f29a), last modified 2025-06-01 14:42 (0c6f29a).

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī

kō-Irājakē(ca)⟨2⟩ripaṉmaṟku yāṇṭu 10 2-Āvatu

kuṉṟakkūṟ⟨3⟩ṟattu devadāṉam Avanikandha(r)vva-Īśvaragṛhattu mahā⟨4⟩devarkku Ivvūr mallan ātittaṉ kuḷam Apōhanaṅ ⟨5⟩ kiṭanta bhumiyai pa¿ḻa?⟨ḻu⟩vūrc caṅkarappāṭi mallaṉ caṅ⟨6⟩karaṉ Ikkuḷamuṅ kalli kaḻanayuṅ kalli vaitta viḷa⟨7⟩kku Oṉṟu Ivviḷakku Oṉṟum Ikkuḷattiṉ pōka(ṅ) [A]⟨8⟩(ka)vēriyum puṟavēriyil [kaḻaniyaḷ] pōkaṅ koṇṭu ⟨9⟩ cantrātittavat Iravum paka(lum) Oru noṉtāviḷakku Eri⟨10⟩ppōmānōm Ittaḷi paṭṭuṭaiyōm Ēḻuvō⟨11⟩m Ikkuḷattiṉ minaṭai poḷ(ḷak) kuḷattilē kalluvatā⟨12⟩kavum

Itu paṉmāheśvara rakṣai ||

Apparatus

⟨8⟩ [kaḻaniyaḷ] ⬦ kaḻaniyaḷ SII • This part is no longer legible.

Translation by Gillet 2024

Fortune! Prosperity! This is the 12th year of Kōrājakesarivarman. For Mahādeva of the temple (gṛhattu) of the Lord (īśvara) [of] Avanikandharvva, a devadāna of Kuṉṟakkūṟṟam; the tank Mallan Ātittaṉ of this village [and] the land which lies (kiṭanta) without enjoyment (apōhanam); Caṅkarappāṭi¹ Mallaṉ Caṅkaraṉ of Paḻuvūr (paḻavūr, that is, paḻuvūr), having cleared (kalli) this tank (ikkuḷamum) and having cleared (kalli) the field (kaḻanayum), gave (vaitta) one lamp (viḷakku oṉṟu); [for] this one lamp (ivviḷakku oṉṟum); having taken (koṇṭu) the produce (pōkaṅ) of this tank (ikkuḷattiṉ) [and] the produce (pōkaṅ) of the land (kaḻaniyaḷ?²) in the akavēri and the puṟavēri,³ we will burn (erippōmāṉōm) a perpetual lamp night and day as long as the sun and the moon endure, we, the Paṭṭuṭaiyārs of this temple (ittaḷi), we the Seven (ēḻuvōm); we have to clear (kalluvatākavum) in the tank (kuḷattilē), in order to dig (poḷḷa) [for] an elevated (mī) road / bank (naṭai / aṭai) of this tank (ikkuḷattiṉ). This is under the protection of the Paṉmāheśvaras.

Commentary

(1) Rājakesarin is probably Sundaracōḻa, during whose reign the Paḻuvēṭṭaraiyar Maṟavaṉ Kaṇṭaṉār was ruling over Paḻuvūr.

Bibliography

Reported in ARIE 1923-1924 (ARIE/1923-1924/C/1924/371).

Edited by Srinivasa Rao 1952 (SII 13.227). Edited and translated in Gillet 2024, based on autopsy.

This digital edition by Valérie Gillet and Emmanuel Francis.

Primary

[SII] Srinivasa Rao, G.V. 1952. South-Indian inscriptions (texts) (with introductory notes in English). Volume XIII: The Cholas. South Indian Inscriptions 13. Madras: Archaeological Survey of India. Pages 122–123, item 227.

[VG] Gillet, Valérie. 2024. Minor Majesties: The Paḻuvēṭṭaraiyars and their South Indian Kingdom of Paḻuvūr, 9th-11th centuries A.D. New York: Oxford University Press. [URL]. Page 140, item 7.

Secondary

ARIE 1923-1924. Annual report on South-Indian epigraphy for the year ending 31st March 1924. Edited by G. Venkoba Rao. Madras: Government Press, 1925. Page 73, appendix C/1924, item 371.

Notes

1. Oil monger.
2. The meaning of kaḻaniyaḷ remains unclear to me. It may come from kaḻaṉi, which means paddy field or agricultural tracts.
3. For these expressions, see INSMelKil00001

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kuṉṟakkūṟ

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<p>Fortune! Prosperity! This is the 12th year of Kōrājakesarivarman. For Mahādeva of the temple <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>gṛhattu</foreign></supplied> of the Lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>īśvara</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">of</supplied> Avanikandharvva, a <foreign>devadāna</foreign> of Kuṉṟakkūṟṟam; the tank Mallan Ātittaṉ of this village <supplied reason="subaudible">and</supplied> the land which lies <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kiṭanta</foreign></supplied> without enjoyment <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>apōhanam</foreign></supplied>; Caṅkarappāṭi<note>Oil monger.</note> Mallaṉ Caṅkaraṉ of Paḻuvūr <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>paḻavūr</foreign>, that is, <foreign>paḻuvūr</foreign></supplied>, having cleared <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kalli</foreign></supplied> this tank <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ikkuḷamum</foreign></supplied> and having cleared <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kalli</foreign></supplied> the field <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kaḻanayum</foreign></supplied>, gave <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>vaitta</foreign></supplied> one lamp <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>viḷakku oṉṟu</foreign></supplied>; <supplied reason="subaudible">for</supplied> this one lamp <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ivviḷakku oṉṟum</foreign></supplied>; having taken <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>koṇṭu</foreign></supplied> the produce <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>pōkaṅ</foreign></supplied> of this tank <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ikkuḷattiṉ</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">and</supplied> the produce <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>pōkaṅ</foreign></supplied> of the land <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kaḻaniyaḷ</foreign>?<note>The meaning of <foreign>kaḻaniyaḷ</foreign> remains unclear to me. It may come from <foreign>kaḻaṉi</foreign>, which means paddy field or agricultural tracts.</note></supplied> in the <foreign>akavēri</foreign> and the <foreign>puṟavēri</foreign>,<note>For these expressions, see <ref target="DHARMA_INSMelKil00001"/></note> we will burn <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>erippōmāṉōm</foreign></supplied> a perpetual lamp night and day as long as the sun and the moon endure, we, the Paṭṭuṭaiyārs of this temple <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ittaḷi</foreign></supplied>, we the Seven <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ēḻuvōm</foreign></supplied>; we have to clear <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kalluvatākavum</foreign></supplied> in the tank <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kuḷattilē</foreign></supplied>, in order to dig <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>poḷḷa</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">for</supplied> an elevated <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>mī</foreign></supplied> road / bank <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>naṭai</foreign> / <foreign>aṭai</foreign></supplied> of this tank <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ikkuḷattiṉ</foreign></supplied>. This is under the protection of the Paṉmāheśvaras.</p></div>

<p n="1">Rājakesarin is probably Sundaracōḻa, during whose reign the Paḻuvēṭṭaraiyar Maṟavaṉ Kaṇṭaṉār was ruling over Paḻuvūr.

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