Mēlappaḻuvūr, Kīḻaiyūr, Ireṭṭaikkōyil, Agastyeśvara, time of Parāntaka I, year 36

Editors: Valérie Gillet, Emmanuel Francis.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSMelKil00002.

Summary: AIM, southern shrine; lowest inscription on the easternmost wall section of the ardha-maṇḍapa of the northern façade; ARE 1924, no. 369; 36th regnal year of matirai koṇṭa Kōpparakesarivarman = Parāntaka I (circa 943 A.D.).

Hand description:

Language: Tamil.

Repository: Mēlappaḻuvūr & Kīḻappaḻuvūr (tfa-melappaluvur-kilappaluvur-epigraphy).

Version: 2025-06-17 14:19 (217aac3), last modified 2025-06-12 11:54 (b0c9d3b).

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī

matirai koṇṭa kōpparakēcaripaṉma¡rki!⟨rkku⟩ yāṇṭu ⟨2⟩ 3 10 6vatu

kuṉṟakūṟṟattu devatā¡n!⟨ṉ⟩am Ava¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ika¡ṉ!⟨n⟩taṟpapurattu ⟨3⟩ mah¿a?⟨ā⟩devarkku kurukāṭikiḻāṉ Ūraṉ piṭāraṉ Ittaḷi devatāṉam pa⟨4⟩cuṅkuḷattūr Apohaṉaṅ kiṭa¡ṉ!⟨n⟩ta bhūmiyai macakki kuṭutta n¡i!⟨ī⟩rnila⟨5⟩m nāṅku māvum

(param) [2×] (macak)[ka]l Iraṇṭu māvum kalam taṉkāri macakka⟨6⟩l Iraṇṭu māvum Āka ni(la)m Eṭṭu māvum koṇṭu Iti¡n!⟨ṉ⟩āl ⟨7⟩ vanta pōkam koṇṭu Irav(u)m pakalu⟨m⟩ Iraṇṭu taḷiyilum Orō no⟨8⟩ntā viḷakku Erippōm ānōm Ittaḷi paṭṭu Uṭaiyōm eḻuvōm

Apparatus

Translation by Gillet 2024

Fortune! Prosperity! This is the 36th year of Kōpparakesarivarman who has taken Madurai. For Mahādeva of Avanikaṉtaṟpapuram, a devadāna of Kuṉṟakkūṟṟam, the lord (kiḻāṉ) of Kurukāṭi, Ūraṉ Piṭāraṉ, after preparing (macakki) the land (bhūmiyai) which was lying (kiṭaṉta) without enjoyment (apōhaṉam) in Pacuṅkuḷattūr, a devadāna of this temple (ittaḷi), gave (kuṭutta) four mās (nāṅku māvum) of wet land (nīrnilam), two mās (iraṇṭu māvum) of prepared land (macakkal) […] and two mās (iraṇṭu māvum) of prepared land (macakkal) [in Kalam Taṉkāri?]; having taken (koṇṭu) [these] eight mās (eṭṭu māvum) of land, having taken (koṇṭu) the produce (pōkam) which has come (vanta) from these (itināl), we will burn (erippōmānōm) one perpetual lamp respectively (orō nontāviḷakku) in the two temples (iraṇṭu taḷiyilum), we the Paṭṭuṭaiyārs of this temple (ittaḷi paṭṭu uṭaiyōm), we the Seven (eḻuvōm).

Commentary

(5–6) What preceeds macakkal in both its occurrences ((param) [2×] and kalam taṉkāri or kalam taṉ kāri) is not clear. It could be the names of plots or specifications about the grain measures yielded from these plots.

Bibliography

Reported in ARIE 1923-1924 (ARIE 1923-1924/C/1924/369).

Edited and translated in Gillet 2024, based on autopsy and photographs (by Valérie Gillet, 2016-2018).

This digital edition by Valérie Gillet and Emmanuel Francis.

Primary

Gillet, Valérie. 2024. Minor Majesties: The Paḻuvēṭṭaraiyars and their South Indian Kingdom of Paḻuvūr, 9th-11th centuries A.D. New York: Oxford University Press. [URL]. Page 137, item 2.

Secondary

ARIE 1923-1924. Annual report on South-Indian epigraphy for the year ending 31st March 1924. Edited by G. Venkoba Rao. Madras: Government Press, 1925. Page 73, appendix C/1924, item 369.

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<lb n="1"/><hi rend="grantha">svasti śrī</hi>

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<p>matirai koṇṭa kōpparakēcaripaṉma<choice><orig>rki</orig><reg>rkku</reg></choice> yāṇṭu

<p>kuṉṟakūṟṟattu <hi rend="grantha">de</hi>vatā<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice>am Ava<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice>ika<choice><orig>ṉ</orig><reg>n</reg></choice>taṟpapurattu

<lb n="3"/>ma<hi rend="grantha">h<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>de</hi>varkku <placeName>kurukāṭi</placeName>kiḻāṉ Ūraṉ piṭāraṉ Ittaḷi <hi rend="grantha">de</hi>vatāṉam <placeName>pa

<lb n="4" break="no"/>cuṅkuḷattūr</placeName> A<hi rend="grantha">poha</hi>ṉaṅ kiṭa<choice><orig>ṉ</orig><reg>n</reg></choice>ta <hi rend="grantha">bhū</hi>miyai macakki kuṭutta n<choice><orig>i</orig><reg>ī</reg></choice>rnila

<lb n="5" break="no"/>m nāṅku māvum

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<unclear>param</unclear> <gap reason="illegible" unit="character" quantity="2"/> <unclear>macak</unclear><supplied reason="lost">ka</supplied>l Iraṇṭu māvum kalam taṉkāri macakka

<lb n="6" break="no"/>l Iraṇṭu māvum Āka

ni<unclear>la</unclear>m Eṭṭu māvum koṇṭu Iti<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice>āl

<lb n="7"/>vanta pōkam koṇṭu Irav<unclear>u</unclear>m pakalu<supplied reason="omitted">m</supplied> Iraṇṭu taḷiyilum Orō no

<lb n="8" break="no"/>ntā viḷakku Erippōm ānōm Ittaḷi paṭṭu Uṭaiyōm eḻuvōm</p>

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<p>Fortune! Prosperity! This is the 36th year of Kōpparakesarivarman who has taken Madurai. For Mahādeva of Avanikaṉtaṟpapuram, a <foreign>devadāna</foreign> of Kuṉṟakkūṟṟam, the lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kiḻāṉ</foreign></supplied> of Kurukāṭi, Ūraṉ Piṭāraṉ, after preparing <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>macakki</foreign></supplied> the land <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>bhūmiyai</foreign></supplied> which was lying <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kiṭaṉta</foreign></supplied> without enjoyment <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>apōhaṉam</foreign></supplied> in Pacuṅkuḷattūr, a <foreign>devadāna</foreign> of this temple <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ittaḷi</foreign></supplied>, gave <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kuṭutta</foreign></supplied> four <foreign>mā</foreign>s <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nāṅku māvum</foreign></supplied> of wet land <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nīrnilam</foreign></supplied>, two <foreign>mā</foreign>s <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>iraṇṭu māvum</foreign></supplied> of prepared land <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>macakkal</foreign></supplied> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> and two <foreign>mā</foreign>s <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>iraṇṭu māvum</foreign></supplied> of prepared land <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>macakkal</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">in Kalam Taṉkāri?</supplied>; having taken <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>koṇṭu</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">these</supplied> eight <foreign>mā</foreign>s <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eṭṭu māvum</foreign></supplied> of land, having taken <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>koṇṭu</foreign></supplied> the produce <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>pōkam</foreign></supplied> which has come <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>vanta</foreign></supplied> from these <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>itināl</foreign></supplied>, we will burn <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>erippōmānōm</foreign></supplied> one perpetual lamp respectively <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>orō nontāviḷakku</foreign></supplied> in the two temples <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>iraṇṭu taḷiyilum</foreign></supplied>, we the Paṭṭuṭaiyārs of this temple <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ittaḷi paṭṭu uṭaiyōm</foreign></supplied>, we the Seven <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eḻuvōm</foreign></supplied>.</p>

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What preceeds <foreign>macakkal</foreign> in both its occurrences (<foreign><unclear>param</unclear> <gap reason="illegible" unit="character" quantity="2"/></foreign> and <foreign>kalam taṉkāri</foreign> or <foreign>kalam taṉ kāri</foreign>) is not clear. It could be the names of plots or specifications about the grain measures yielded from these plots.</p>

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<p>Reported in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1923-1924"/></bibl> (ARIE 1923-1924/C/1924/369).</p>

<p>Edited and translated in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Gillet2024_01"/></bibl>, based on autopsy and photographs (<ref target="https://didomena.ehess.fr/concern/data_sets/w95058928">by Valérie Gillet, 2016-2018</ref>).</p>

<p>This digital edition by Valérie Gillet and Emmanuel Francis.</p>

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