Kañcūka (upper), Kanaganahalli stūpa

Editor: Vincent Tournier.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSKnI00003.

Hand description:

Language: Middle Indo-Aryan.

Repository: Satavahana (tfb-satavahana-epigraphy).

Version: (3bfd35d), last modified (ef2b665).

Edition

⟨1⟩ ⟨Fragment A⟩raño sirichimu(ka)sātavāhanasa savachare soḍe 10 6 māhiseka⟨Fragment B⟩sa gahapatinā toḍesa canagahapatiputesa sabhāriyesa sa[bhag]inikesa ⟨Fragment C⟩saputasa sajāmātusa sasunhasa sagotasa saduhu[takasa sanatukasa] ⟨Fragment D⟩kacūkā deyadhaṁma(ṁ) dānaṁ

Apparatus

⟨A-B⟩ māhisekasa ⬦ mātisekasa N+vH • The shape of the h is peculiar, being more angular than the others in this inscription, but it is still comparable to that found in saduhu[takasa]. And its shape is markedly distinct from the ta in -sātavāhanasa. It is clear that a hi was mean.

⟨B⟩ gahapatinā • Understand gahapatino. The hand active on this slab is distinct from the one of part A. In fact, four different hands may have engraved the four parts of the record. The hand active in part B looks more cursive and less expert than the others, which perhaps explains the further irregularities in the ending of all following words. — ⟨B⟩ toḍesa canagahapatiputesa • The left horizontal stroke on top of the ḍa looks like the marker of a e, and a similar (and similarly unexpected) sign is found in the penultimate consonant of the three following words. I suggest the four e should be understood as superfluous. The previous editors, because they read māhisekasa as mātisekasa, which they understood as a proper name, struggled to make sense of these two names. For a discussion of the name Toḍa, see Tournier [2023] 2021–2022, p. 27, n. 75. As for the name Cana, it may be understood as Dravidian canna/cenna, meaning (according to Burrow and Emeneau 1984, s.v.) “a man of beauty, a handsome man.” — ⟨B⟩ sa[bhag]inikesa ⬦ sa[…] N+vH.

⟨D⟩ saduhu[takasa sanatukasa]saduhu[takasa] N+vH • My reconstruction sanatukasa is speculative, but it fits the number of missing akṣaras. In several inscriptions from Amaravati, the mention of the donor’s daughter(s) is immediately followed by that of grandchildren. See EIAD 272, ll. 4–5; EIAD 286, ll. 2–3. Moreover, the presence of children (possibly grandchildren) in Toḍa’s family is confirmed by the portrait occurring on one of the dome slabs. See von Hinüber 2018, pp. 358–360, fig. 1, n. 75. I don’t think that the absence of the marks of old age necessarily excludes that three generations were represented. — ⟨D⟩ deyadhaṁma(ṁ) dānaṁ ⬦ deyadhamadāna N+vH • The previous editors remark that “the expression deyadhamadāna might occur once again in a damaged inscription at Amarāvatī (Tsukamoto Keishō 塚本啓祥 1996, № II Amar 15, l. 4): deyadhamad[āna]... .” The new reading of this inscription by Griffiths and I (EIAD 267, l. 3) reads instead ... (de)yadhaṁma _ (pa)tiṭhapita ... EIAD 305, l. 3, by contrast, does have the two expressions in combination: ... deyadhamaparicakā be suciya dānā. See also EIAD 266.

Translation by Vincent Tournier

In the sixteenth - 16th - year of King Siri-Chimuka, the Sātavāhana. The encasing slabs are the pious offering, the gift of the notable (gahapati) Toḍa, son of the notable Cana, from Mahisaka, together with his wife, his sister[s], his son[s], his son[s]-in-law, his daughter[s]-in-law, his clan, his daughter[s] [and his grandchildren].

Commentary

Bibliography

Primary

[N+vH] Nakanishi, Maiko and Oskar von Hinüber. 2014. Kanaganahalli inscriptions. Annual report of the International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology at Soka University for the Academic Year 2013, Vol. 17, Supplement. Tokyo: International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology, Soka University. Section I, item 3, section IV, item 9, section IV, item 2, section II.4, item 22.

Furui, Ryosuke, Arlo Griffiths, Annette Schmiedchen and Vincent Tournier. [2023] 2021–2022. “Kings as patrons of monasteries and stūpas in Early Āndhra: Sada rulers, the Rājagiriya fraternity, and the ‘Great Shrine’ at Amaravati.” BLS 7 (Special volume on Epigraphic Evidence on Patronage and Social Contexts of Buddhist Monasteries in Medieval South and Southeast Asia), pp. 1–57. [URL]. Pages 26–27.

[MASI] Poonacha, K. P. 2011. Excavations at Kanaganahalli (Sannati), taluk Chitapur, dist. Gulbarga, Karnataka. Memoirs of the Archaeological Survey of India 106. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India. Page 464, item 101, plate CXXXIX, items a-d, plate CXLIII, items A-D.