Ablūr, Brahmeśvara temple, A.D.1219

Editor: Antonella Santoro.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSKarnataka00007.

Hand description:

...

Language: Kannada.

Repository: Karnataka Inscriptions (tfb-karnataka-epigraphy).

Version: 2025-06-19 15:56 (2439371), last modified 2025-05-19 12:54 (e525c25).

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⟨Zone A⟩ ⟨1⟩ <SpiralL>svasti samasta-pra¡s!⟨ś⟩asti-sahitaṁ śrī-siṁhaṇadēva-varuṣada pramāthi-saṁvatsarada ā¡ś!⟨ṣ⟩āḍha pauvurṇṇami sōmavā⟨2⟩radalu pratāpa-vīra-siṁgaṇadēvarasaru banavase-paṁnitsāsiravan āḷuttire⟨.⟩ Alliya kaṁpanaṁ nāgarakha⟨ṁ⟩ ⟨3⟩ (ḍa)v-ep⟨p⟩attaṟa baḷiya bāḍa Abbalūra vistarav-enteṁdaḍe|| giḷi-kuḷa¿dh?⟨d⟩iṁ pikāvaḷi¡Ī!⟨yi⟩n oppuva naṁdanadiṁ viḷāsadiṁ ⟨4⟩ (be?)ḷasida gaṁdha-śaḷiī¹ śivālayadōḷiī² bhāḷanētra-pūjita-g¡ri!⟨ṛ⟩hadiṁ baḷādhika-kaḷāvida-vīra-samūhadiṁdhi⟨5⟩(ḷ)ā-taḷad oḷag abbalūr ativicitrataraṁ nijam āgal oppuguṁ || Antu ś(ubha)-vettabbalūra bīra-gauvuḍana guṇa ⟨6⟩ (ke)thanav-enteṁdaḍe ||

I. campakamāla

parahitan eṁdu dāna-vi¡d!⟨dh⟩an eṁdu guṇ(āṁ) bhudhiyeṁdu līleī³ ¡ka!⟨kha⟩

rakara-tējanaṁ guru-padāṁbu ⟨7⟩ ja-bhaktanan entu no¡p!⟨r⟩paḍa pu

rutara-dhairyyanaṁ sakaḷa-vaṁdijanāśrya kaḷpav¡r!⟨ṛ⟩ikṣanaṁ va

ra-vibudhōktaraṁ mudado baṁ ⟨8⟩ (ṇ)ṇisuguṁ⁴ sale bīra-gauvuḍanaṁ

Antā bīragauvuḍa sukhadiṁdavire ¡bho!⟨bo⟩ḷagavatti-īśvaradēva(ṁ) hala⟨9⟩baru muṁneya kūḍi sātaḷige-nā¡dha!⟨ḍa⟩ nāyakara kūḍi-koṁḍu hattu-śasira āḷu sāīra⁵ kudure vera⟨10⟩si naḍadu baṁd Abbalalūran iḻidu hiṇ(ḍ)u-seṟe-tuṟavaṁ koṁballiyā seṟe-tuṟava̱m jiṁdikki bira-gauvuḍana besa-varaṁ

⟨11⟩ ⟨Zone A⟩baḍagi-kētōjana makkaḷu macaṁ gōmaṁgaḷu māḍida vīraveṁnt⁶e(ṃ)daḍe ||

II. kanda

ghattisi nūṁkida vājiya

thaṭṭaṁ kaṭṭ⟨ā⟩ḷu baḍagi ⟨12⟩ mācaṁ tāgalu

niṭṭisi gōmanu yise paḍal

iṭṭudu tatu-kṣaṇadi vaīri⁷ balav-enit-anituṁ ||

māttēno pēḷal iṁ⟨13⟩tapamālitaṁ noḍal ati-bhayaṁkaraṁ enal iṁtaṁar-balamuman ovade kētōjana maga māca pokku tividaṁ pala ⟨14⟩ raṁ ||

sodarar ibbava⟨ra⟩ vīraṁ mēdinigaccariyidenisi dhuradoḷu palaraṁ kādi tave koṁdu svargga ⟨15⟩ kk ōdar jjasav eseye macanuṁm ā gōmanuṁ ||

III. Anuṣṭubh

jitēna labhyatē lakṣmī

m¡r!⟨ṛ⟩itēn ā ⟨16⟩ ⁸

Zone A

⟨1⟩ <SpiralL>svasti samasta-pra¡s!⟨ś⟩asti-sahitaṁ śrī-siṁhaṇadēva-varuṣada pramāthi-saṁvatsarada ā¡ś!⟨ṣ⟩āḍha pauvurṇṇami sōmavā-

⟨2⟩ radalu pratāpa-vīra-siṁgaṇadēvarasaru banavase-paṁnitsāsiravan āḷuttire⟨.⟩ Alliya kaṁpanaṁ nāgarakha⟨ṁ⟩

⟨3⟩ (ḍa)v-ep⟨p⟩attaṟa baḷiya bāḍa Abbalūra vistarav-enteṁdaḍe|| giḷi-kuḷa¿dh?⟨d⟩iṁ pikāvaḷi¡Ī!⟨yi⟩n oppuva naṁdanadiṁ viḷāsadiṁ

⟨4⟩ (be?)ḷasida gaṁdha-śaḷiī śivālayadōḷiī bhāḷanētra-pūjita-g¡ri!⟨ṛ⟩hadiṁ baḷādhika-kaḷāvida-vīra-samūhadiṁdhi-

⟨5⟩ (ḷ)ā-taḷad oḷag abbalūr ativicitrataraṁ nijam āgal oppuguṁ || Antu ś(ubha)-vettabbalūra bīra-gauvuḍana guṇa

⟨6⟩ (ke)thanav-enteṁdaḍe || parahitan eṁdu dāna-vi¡d!⟨dh⟩an eṁdu guṇ(āṁ) bhudhiyeṁdu līleī ¡ka!⟨kha⟩ rakara-tējanaṁ guru-padāṁbu

⟨7⟩ ja-bhaktanan entu no¡p!⟨r⟩paḍa pu rutara-dhairyyanaṁ sakaḷa-vaṁdijanāśrya kaḷpav¡r!⟨ṛ⟩ikṣanaṁ va ra-vibudhōktaraṁ mudado baṁ

⟨8⟩ (ṇ)ṇisuguṁ sale bīra-gauvuḍanaṁ Antā bīragauvuḍa sukhadiṁdavire ¡bho!⟨bo⟩ḷagavatti-īśvaradēva(ṁ) hala-

⟨9⟩ baru muṁneya kūḍi sātaḷige-nā¡dha!⟨ḍa⟩ nāyakara kūḍi-koṁḍu hattu-śasira āḷu sāīra kudure vera-

⟨10⟩ si naḍadu baṁd Abbalalūran iḻidu hiṇ(ḍ)u-seṟe-tuṟavaṁ koṁballiyā seṟe-tuṟava̱m jiṁdikki bira-gauvuḍana besa-varaṁ

⟨11⟩

Zone A

baḍagi-kētōjana makkaḷu macaṁ gōmaṁgaḷu māḍida vīraveṁnte(ṃ)daḍe || ghattisi nūṁkida vājiya thaṭṭaṁ kaṭṭ⟨ā⟩ḷu baḍagi

⟨12⟩ mācaṁ tāgalu niṭṭisi gōmanu yise paḍal iṭṭudu tatu-kṣaṇadi vaīri balav-enit-anituṁ || māttēno pēḷal iṁ-

⟨13⟩ tapamālitaṁ noḍal ati-bhayaṁkaraṁ enal iṁtaṁar-balamuman ovade kētōjana maga māca pokku tividaṁ pala

⟨14⟩ raṁ || sodarar ibbava⟨ra⟩ vīraṁ mēdinigaccariyidenisi dhuradoḷu palaraṁ kādi tave koṁdu svargga

⟨15⟩ kk ōdar jjasav eseye macanuṁm ā gōmanuṁ || jitēna labhyatē lakṣmī m¡r!⟨ṛ⟩itēn ā

⟨16⟩

I. campakamāla

parahitan eṁdu dāna-vi¡d!⟨dh⟩an eṁdu guṇ(āṁ) bhudhiyeṁdu līleī³ ¡ka!⟨kha⟩

rakara-tējanaṁ guru-padāṁbu ⟨7⟩ ja-bhaktanan entu no¡p!⟨r⟩paḍa pu

rutara-dhairyyanaṁ sakaḷa-vaṁdijanāśrya kaḷpav¡r!⟨ṛ⟩ikṣanaṁ va

ra-vibudhōktaraṁ mudado baṁ ⟨8⟩ (ṇ)ṇisuguṁ⁴ sale bīra-gauvuḍanaṁ

⟨11⟩ ⟨Zone A⟩baḍagi-kētōjana makkaḷu macaṁ gōmaṁgaḷu māḍida vīraveṁnt⁶e(ṃ)daḍe ||

II. kanda

ghattisi nūṁkida vājiya

thaṭṭaṁ kaṭṭ⟨ā⟩ḷu baḍagi ⟨12⟩ mācaṁ tāgalu

niṭṭisi gōmanu yise paḍal

iṭṭudu tatu-kṣaṇadi vaīri⁷ balav-enit-anituṁ ||

māttēno pēḷal iṁ⟨13⟩tapamālitaṁ noḍal ati-bhayaṁkaraṁ enal iṁtaṁar-balamuman ovade kētōjana maga māca pokku tividaṁ pala ⟨14⟩ raṁ ||

sodarar ibbava⟨ra⟩ vīraṁ mēdinigaccariyidenisi dhuradoḷu palaraṁ kādi tave koṁdu svargga ⟨15⟩ kk ōdar jjasav eseye macanuṁm ā gōmanuṁ ||

III. Anuṣṭubh

jitēna labhyatē lakṣmī

m¡r!⟨ṛ⟩itēn ā ⟨16⟩ ⁸

Apparatus

⟨1⟩ pauvurṇṇami ⬦ p¿auvu?⟨au⟩rṇṇami Fl.

⟨4⟩ (be?)ḷasida ⬦ belasida Fleet1899. — ⟨4⟩ °ōḷiī Fl • read ōḷiyi for ōḷiyiṁ

⟨5⟩ -gauvuḍana ⬦ -g¿auvu?⟨au⟩ḍana Fl. — ⟨5⟩ ś(ubha) Fl — ⟨5⟩ gauvuḍana Fl • read gauḍana

⟨6⟩ (ke)thana° Fl — ⟨6⟩ dāna-vi¡d!⟨dh⟩an Fl — ⟨6⟩ guṇ(āṁ) Fl — ⟨6⟩ līleī Fl • read līleyiṁ — ⟨6⟩ ¡ka!⟨kha⟩rakara Fl

⟨7⟩ no¡p!⟨r⟩paḍa pu Fl — ⟨7⟩ kaḷpav¡r!⟨ṛ⟩ikṣanaṁ Fl

⟨8⟩ (ṇ)ṇisuguṁ Fl • read baṇṇisuguṁ — ⟨8⟩ ¡bho!⟨bo⟩ḷagavatti Fl

⟨9⟩ nā¡dha!⟨ḍa⟩ Fl — ⟨9⟩ sāīra Fl • read sāyira

⟨10⟩ hiṇ(ḍ)u Fl

⟨11⟩ eṁnte(ṃ)daḍe • read °ent — ⟨11⟩ kaṭṭ⟨ā⟩ḷu Fl

⟨13⟩ ibbava⟨ra⟩ Fl

Translation by Fleet 1898–1899

(1–3) Om! Hail! On MOnday the full-moon day of the month Āṣāḍha of the Pramāthin saṁvatsara of the years of the glorious Siṁhaṇadēva, who was possessed of all eulogistic titiles; while the powerful and brave Siṅgaṇadēvarasa was governing the Banavase twelve-thousand,-to descrive the excellence of Abbalūru, a town that was included in the Nāgarakhaṇḍa seventy which was kaṁpaṇa of those parts:-

(3–5) Abbalūru is truly charming on the surface of the earth, in a ost exceedingly beautiful manner, by reason of a park which is pleasing with flights of parrots and numbers of cuckoos, by the sweet-smelling rice that grows luxuriantly, by a number of temples if the god Śiva, by a shrine, to which [much] adoration is paid, of that same god in the form of him who carries a third eye in his forehead, and by a multitude of brave men who excel in strenght and are skilled in arts and sciences.

(5–8) To give a description of the merits of Bīragauḍa of the Abbalūru that is thus charming:-saying that he is devoted to the welfare of others, that he bestows gifts, and that he is a very ocean of virtue, the multitude of ood and wise people joyfully praise Bīragauḍa, who is in mien as radiant as the hot-rayed sun,- who is in every way devoted to the water-lilies thata are the feet of spiritual preceptors,- who is possessed of the the very greatest resoluteness,-and who is a very tree of paradise in giving support to all people who proclaim his praises.

(8–11) While that same Bīragauḍa was continuing in happiness:-Beḷagavatti-Īśvaradēva, with various chieftains and with the Nāyakas of the Sātaḷige district, together with ten thousand men and thousand horses, came along, and descended in Abbalūru, and seized the herd of penned-up cows; and then, to describe the bravery displayed by Māca and Gōma, sons of Baḍagi-Kētōja, in rescuing the penned cows at the command of Bīragauḍa:-

(11–15) While the valian Baḍagi-Māca, having rained blows on the array of horses that he drove away, was still attacking them, and while Gōma, having stared fiercely at them, was shooting arrows, the whole of the hostile force immediately fell down in all directions. What words can I use?; if you consider, it surpassed all comparison!: meeting them in the most terrifying manner, Māca, the son of Kētōja, plunged recklessly into the hostile force and pierced many of them. In such a way that the bravery of these two brothers was a wonder, and went with great fame to heaven.

(15) He who conquers obtains fortune; and even one dies

Bibliography

First edited in Elliot 1825–1832; edited again in Fleet 1898–1899. Re-edited here for DHARMA (ERC n° 809994) by Antonella Santoro (2024), based on autopsy of the stone in situ.

[Fl] Fleet, John Faithful. 1898–1899. “Inscriptions at Ablur.” Epigraphia India 5, pp. 213–265. Section G, pages 263–264.

Elliot1825-1832_01

Notes

1. read sāliyi for śaḷiyiṁ
2. read ōḷiyi for ōḷiyiṁ
3. read līleyiṁ
4. read baṇṇisuguṁ
5. read sāyira
6. read °ent
7. read vairi
8. This last line was ovelooked by Fleet’s copyist. This is my transcription reading directly from the stone

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<p><milestone type="pagelike" unit="zone" n="A"/><lb n="1"/><g type="SpiralL"/>svasti samasta-pra<choice><orig>s</orig><reg>ś</reg></choice>asti-sahitaṁ śrī-siṁhaṇadēva-varuṣada pramāthi-saṁvatsarada ā<choice><orig>ś</orig><reg>ṣ</reg></choice>āḍha pauvurṇṇami sōmavā<lb n="2" break="no"/>radalu pratāpa-vīra-siṁgaṇadēvarasaru banavase-paṁnitsāsiravan āḷuttire<supplied reason="subaudible">.</supplied> Alliya kaṁpanaṁ nāgarakha<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> <lb n="3"/><unclear>ḍa</unclear>v-ep<supplied reason="omitted">p</supplied>attaṟa baḷiya bāḍa Abbalūra vistarav-enteṁdaḍe<g type="ddanda">.</g> giḷi-kuḷa<choice><sic>dh</sic><corr>d</corr></choice>iṁ pikāvaḷi<choice><orig>Ī</orig><reg>yi</reg></choice>n oppuva naṁdanadiṁ viḷāsadiṁ <lb n="4"/><unclear cert="low">be</unclear>ḷasida gaṁdha-śaḷiī<note source="bib:Fleet1898-1899_02">read sāliyi for śaḷiyiṁ</note> śivālayadōḷiī<note>read ōḷiyi for ōḷiyiṁ</note> bhāḷanētra-pūjita-g<choice><orig>ri</orig><reg>ṛ</reg></choice>hadiṁ baḷādhika-kaḷāvida-vīra-samūhadiṁdhi<lb break="no" n="5"/><unclear>ḷ</unclear>ā-taḷad oḷag abbalūr ativicitrataraṁ nijam āgal oppuguṁ <g type="ddanda">.</g> Antu ś<unclear>ubha</unclear>-vettabbalūra bīra-gauvuḍana guṇa<lb n="6"/><unclear>ke</unclear>thanav-enteṁdaḍe <g type="ddanda">.</g>

</p>

<l n="a">parahitan eṁdu dāna-vi<choice><orig>d</orig><reg>dh</reg></choice>an eṁdu guṇ<unclear>āṁ</unclear> bhudhiyeṁdu līleī<note source="bib:Fleet1898-1899_02">read līleyiṁ</note> <choice><orig>ka</orig><reg>kha</reg></choice></l>

<l n="b">rakara-tējanaṁ guru-padāṁbu<lb n="7"/>ja-bhaktanan entu no<choice><orig>p</orig><reg>r</reg></choice>paḍa pu</l>

<l n="c">rutara-dhairyyanaṁ sakaḷa-vaṁdijanāśrya kaḷpav<choice><orig>r</orig><reg>ṛ</reg></choice>ikṣanaṁ va</l>

<l n="d">ra-vibudhōktaraṁ mudado baṁ<lb n="8"/><unclear>ṇ</unclear>ṇisuguṁ<note source="bib:Fleet1898-1899_02">read baṇṇisuguṁ</note> sale bīra-gauvuḍanaṁ</l>

</lg>

<p>

Antā bīragauvuḍa sukhadiṁdavire <choice><orig>bho</orig><reg>bo</reg></choice>ḷagavatti-īśvaradēva<unclear>ṁ</unclear> hala

<lb break="no" n="9"/>baru muṁneya kūḍi sātaḷige-nā<choice><orig>dha</orig><reg>ḍa</reg></choice> nāyakara kūḍi-koṁḍu hattu-śasira āḷu sāīra<note source="bib:Fleet1898-1899_02">read sāyira</note> kudure vera

<lb break="no" n="10"/>si naḍadu baṁd Abbalalūran iḻidu hiṇ<unclear>ḍ</unclear>u-seṟe-tuṟavaṁ koṁballiyā seṟe-tuṟava̱m jiṁdikki bira-gauvuḍana besa-varaṁ

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<p>

<lb n="11"/><milestone type="pagelike" unit="zone" n="A"/>baḍagi-kētōjana makkaḷu macaṁ gōmaṁgaḷu māḍida vīraveṁnt<note source="bib:Fleet1898-1899_02">read °ent</note>e<unclear>ṃ</unclear>daḍe <g type="ddanda">.</g>

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<l n="a">ghattisi nūṁkida vājiya</l>

<l n="b">thaṭṭaṁ kaṭṭ<supplied reason="omitted">ā</supplied>ḷu baḍagi<lb n="12"/>mācaṁ tāgalu</l>

<l n="c">niṭṭisi gōmanu yise paḍal</l>

<l n="d">iṭṭudu tatu-kṣaṇadi vaīri<note source="bib:Fleet1898-1899_02">read vairi</note> balav-enit-anituṁ <g type="ddanda">.</g></l>

</lg>

<p>

māttēno pēḷal iṁ<lb break="no" n="13"/>tapamālitaṁ noḍal ati-bhayaṁkaraṁ enal iṁtaṁar-balamuman ovade kētōjana maga māca pokku tividaṁ pala<lb n="14"/>raṁ <g type="ddanda">.</g>

</p>

<p>

sodarar ibbava<supplied reason="omitted">ra</supplied> vīraṁ mēdinigaccariyidenisi dhuradoḷu palaraṁ kādi tave koṁdu svargga<lb n="15"/>kk ōdar jjasav eseye macanuṁm ā gōmanuṁ <g type="ddanda">.</g>

</p>

<l n="a">jitēna labhyatē lakṣmī</l>

<l n="b">m<choice><orig>r</orig><reg>ṛ</reg></choice>itēn ā<lb n="16"/><note>This last line was ovelooked by Fleet's copyist. This is my transcription reading directly from the stone</note></l>

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<lem>pauvurṇṇami</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Fleet1898-1899_02">p<choice><sic>auvu</sic><corr>au</corr></choice>rṇṇami</rdg>

</app>

<lem><unclear cert="low">be</unclear>ḷasida</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Fleet1899">belasida</rdg>

</app>

<note>read ōḷiyi for ōḷiyiṁ</note>

</app>

<lem>-gauvuḍana</lem>

</app>

</app>

<lem source="bib:Fleet1898-1899_02">gauvuḍana</lem>

<note source="bib:Fleet1899">read gauḍana</note>

</app>

<lem source="bib:Fleet1898-1899_02"><unclear>ke</unclear>thana°</lem>

</app>

</app>

</app>

<lem source="bib:Fleet1898-1899_02">līleī</lem>

<note source="bib:Fleet1899">read līleyiṁ</note>

</app>

<lem source="bib:Fleet1898-1899_02"><choice><orig>ka</orig><reg>kha</reg></choice>rakara</lem>

</app>

</app>

<lem source="bib:Fleet1898-1899_02">kaḷpav<choice><orig>r</orig><reg>ṛ</reg></choice>ikṣanaṁ</lem>

</app>

<lem source="bib:Fleet1898-1899_02"><unclear>ṇ</unclear>ṇisuguṁ</lem>

<note source="bib:Fleet1899">read baṇṇisuguṁ</note>

</app>

<lem source="bib:Fleet1898-1899_02"><choice><orig>bho</orig><reg>bo</reg></choice>ḷagavatti</lem>

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</app>

<lem source="bib:Fleet1898-1899_02">sāīra</lem>

<note source="bib:Fleet1899">read sāyira</note>

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<lem>eṁnte<unclear>ṃ</unclear>daḍe</lem>

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</app>

<lem source="bib:Fleet1898-1899_02">ibbava<supplied reason="omitted">ra</supplied></lem>

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<p n="1-3">Om! Hail! On MOnday the full-moon day of the month <foreign>Āṣāḍha</foreign> of the <foreign>Pramāthin saṁvatsara</foreign> of the years of the glorious Siṁhaṇadēva, who was possessed of all eulogistic titiles; while the powerful and brave Siṅgaṇadēvarasa was governing the Banavase twelve-thousand,-to descrive the excellence of Abbalūru, a town that was included in the Nāgarakhaṇḍa seventy which was <foreign>kaṁpaṇa</foreign> of those parts:-

</p>

<p n="3-5">Abbalūru is truly charming on the surface of the earth, in a ost exceedingly beautiful manner, by reason of a park which is pleasing with flights of parrots and numbers of cuckoos, by the sweet-smelling rice that grows luxuriantly, by a number of temples if the god Śiva, by a shrine, to which <supplied reason="subaudible">much</supplied> adoration is paid, of that same god in the form of him who carries a third eye in his forehead, and by a multitude of brave men who excel in strenght and are skilled in arts and sciences.

</p>

<p n="5-8">To give a description of the merits of Bīragauḍa of the Abbalūru that is thus charming:-saying that he is devoted to the welfare of others, that he bestows gifts, and that he is a very ocean of virtue, the multitude of ood and wise people joyfully praise Bīragauḍa, who is in mien as radiant as the hot-rayed sun,- who is in every way devoted to the water-lilies thata are the feet of spiritual preceptors,- who is possessed of the the very greatest resoluteness,-and who is a very tree of paradise in giving support to all people who proclaim his praises.</p>

<p n="8-11">While that same Bīragauḍa was continuing in happiness:-Beḷagavatti-Īśvaradēva, with various chieftains and with the <foreign>Nāyakas</foreign> of the Sātaḷige district, together with ten thousand men and thousand horses, came along, and descended in Abbalūru, and seized the herd of penned-up cows; and then, to describe the bravery displayed by Māca and Gōma, sons of Baḍagi-Kētōja, in rescuing the penned cows at the command of Bīragauḍa:-</p>

<p n="11-15">While the valian Baḍagi-Māca, having rained blows on the array of horses that he drove away, was still attacking them, and while Gōma, having stared fiercely at them, was shooting arrows, the whole of the hostile force immediately fell down in all directions. What words can I use?; if you consider, it surpassed all comparison!: meeting them in the most terrifying manner, Māca, the son of Kētōja, plunged recklessly into the hostile force and pierced many of them. In such a way that the bravery of these two brothers was a wonder, and went with great fame to heaven.</p>

<p n="15">He who conquers obtains fortune; and even one dies </p>

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<p>First edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Elliot1825-1832_01"/></bibl>; edited again in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Fleet1898-1899_02"/></bibl>. Re-edited here for DHARMA (ERC n° 809994) by Antonella Santoro (2024), based on autopsy of the stone in situ.</p>

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