Sang Hyang Tapak Charter of Jayabhūpati (952 Śaka)

Editor: Arlo Griffiths.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSIDENKSangHyangTapak.

Hand description:

The inscription uses two script types. The first, used on the first three stones, is that discussed by Griffiths 2012, p. 207 for several monumental inscriptions from Java and Sumatra. The punctuation signs represented as comma on these stones are large spirals, as is typical for this script type. The other type, used only on the last stone (D.98), is that typical for the corpus of Airlangga inscriptions, as observed by Damais 1955, p. 87, n. 1.

It has not been observed by previous scholars that in this inscription the layar is placed on top of the character after which it is to be pronounced, which foreshadows the orthographic practise of later centuries. We have never seen it in any text as old as this one.

Language: Old Javanese.

Repository: Nusantara Epigraphy (tfc-nusantara-epigraphy).

Version: (80d19f0), last modified (2cd45fd).

Edition

⟨Item A: First stone (D.73)⟩ ⟨A1⟩ // 0 // svasti śaka-varṣātīta 952 ⟨A2⟩ kārttika-māsa, tithi dvādaśī śukla-pa⟨A3⟩kṣa, ha, ka, ra, vāra tambir·, Iri⟨A4⟩kā divāśanira prahajyan· sūṇḍa, ma⟨A5⟩hāraja śrī jayabh(ū)pati, jayamana⟨A6⟩hǝn· viṣṇumŭ(r)tti samaravijaya, śaka⟨A7⟩la-bhuvaṇa-maṇḍalesvarănindita, ⟨A8⟩ haro-govārdana-vikra⟨A9⟩(motuṁ)gadeva, ma⟨Item B: Second stone (D.96)⟩⟨B1⟩gavay· tǝvǝk· I pūrbva saṁ hyaṁ tapak· ⟨B2⟩ ginavay· denira śrī jayabhūpati prahajyan· ⟨B3⟩ sūṇḍa, mvaṅ tan· hananiṁ baryya-baryya śīla, I⟨B4⟩rikāṁ lvaḥ tan· paṅalapa Ikān· sesini lvaḥ, ⟨B5⟩ makahīṅan· saṁ hyaṁ tapak· vatǝs· kapūjān· ⟨B6⟩ I hulu, I sor makahīṅan· I saṁ hyaṁ tapak· ⟨B7⟩ vatǝs· kapūjān· I vuṅkall agə:ṁ kāliḥ ⟨B8⟩ , mataṅnyan· pinagavayakǝn· pra⟨B9⟩sāsti pagǝ-pagǝḥ, maṁmaṁ sapatha, ⟨Item C: Third stone (D.97)⟩ ⟨C1⟩ sumpaḥ denira prahajyan· ⟨C2⟩ suṇḍa, lvirnya nihan· ⟨C3⟩ , ,

⟨Item D: Fourth stone (D.98)⟩ ⟨D01⟩ 952

⟨D1⟩ || ◯ || Indaḥ ta kita ka(muṅ hyaṁ?) mahārṣi (Aga)ṣṭi, pūrbba ⟨D2⟩ dakṣiṇa, paścima⟨,⟩ Ut⟨t⟩ara, madya, Agniya, neri⟨D3⟩ti, băyabya, Aiśănya, Urd(dhā)daḥ, ravi⟨,⟩ śaśi, (buva)ṇa, jala, pāvaṇa, ⟨D4⟩ hutāsanāpaḥ bhayu Akāśa teja saṅ hyaṅ mahorātra saddhya dvaya yakṣa rakṣa⟨D5⟩sa piśāca pretasura garuḍa graha kinara mahoraga catvarra lokapāla ⟨D6⟩ yama baruṇa kuvera bāśava mvaṅ putra devata pañca kuśikā nandīśvara mahākāla du⟨D7⟩rggādevi Anantasurindra Anakta hyaṅ kalamr̥tyu gaṇa bhūta saṅ prasiddha milu manarīra ⟨D8⟩ Umasuki sarvvajanma At R̥ṅyakǝn ikiṁ sapātha samaya sumpah pamaṅmaṅni L̥buni pa⟨D9⟩duka haji I suṇḍa Iri kita kamuṁ hyaṁ kabeḥ [4×]n· pakā⟨D10⟩dya Umalapa Ikan [4×] i saṁ hyaṁ tapak· ya patyananta ya kamuṁ hyaṁ denta⟨D11⟩t· patīya, sivak· kapālanya cucup utǝknya bǝlaḥ dadanya Inum· raḥnya ⟨D12⟩ rantan· Ususnya vǝkasakǝn· prānāntika [4×] i saṁ hyaṁ kabeḥ ⟨D13⟩ tāvat· hana vvaṁ bari-bari śila Irikaṅ ivak i saṁ hyaṁ tapak· Apan· ⟨D14⟩ Ivak· pakan· parṇnaḥnya kapaṅguh i saṁ hyaṁ [4×] manǝḥ kaliliran· ⟨D15⟩ paknanya katke dlahaniṁ dlaha [5×]n· paduka haji I suṇḍa Umadǝ⟨D16⟩makna kaḍarmman· [2×] iṅ samaṅkana vka vet· paduka haji I suṇḍa saṅ guma⟨D17⟩nti riṅ kulit· Ika ta kamanaḥ ikanaṁ [2×] I saṁ hyaṁ tapak·, makatǝpa ⟨D18⟩ lvaḥ vatǝsnya I hulu I saṁ hyaṁ tapak· I [3×] I hilir· mahīṅan· I⟨D19⟩rikaṅ [3×] umpi Iṁ vuṅkal· gḍe kaliḥ, I vruḥhanta kamuṅ ⟨D20⟩ hyaṅ kabeḥ ‖, ‖

Apparatus

⟨B3⟩ hananiṁ ⬦ hanani P.

⟨D01⟩ 952 • The repetition of the date at the top of the fourth stone was first observed by Damais 1955, p. 87, n. 1.

⟨D1⟩ ka(muṅ hyaṁ?) mahārṣi (Aga)ṣṭi ⬦ kamuṁ hyaṁ hāra Agaṣti P.

⟨D3⟩ (buva)ṇa ⬦ patala P.

⟨D13⟩ vvaṁ ⬦ vvoṁ P.

⟨D15⟩ Umadǝ⟨D16⟩makna P • Here one expects Umadǝgakna.

Translation

Commentary

Bibliography

The text on the first stone deciphered by Brandes (NBG 1890); the whole inscription then deciphered and translated into Dutch by Pleyte (1916). Pleyte’s edition was reproduced, without any original contributions, in several publications by Hasan Djafar (e.g., 2016). Re-edited here by Arlo Griffiths, using Pleyte’s plates for stones A and D, as well as the OD photos 1456–1459 (except 1457, which is unavailable).

Primary

[B] NBG 1890. Notulen van de Algemeene en Bestuurs-vergaderingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen: Deel XXVIII — 1890. Batavia: Albrecht & Rusche, 1891. Pages 14–15.

[P] Pleyte, Cornelis Marinus. 1916. “Mahārāja Çrī Jayabhūpati: Suṇḍa’s oudst bekende vorst A. D. 1030, Vijfde bijdrage tot de kennis van het oude Soenda.” TBG 57, pp. 201–218.

Secondary

Damais, Louis-Charles. 1949. “Epigrafische aanteekeningen.” TBG 83, pp. 1–26. Pages 16–18, section V.

Damais, Louis-Charles. 1952. “Études d’épigraphie indonésienne, III: Liste des principales inscriptions datées de l’Indonesie.” BEFEO 46 (1), pp. 1–105. DOI: 10.3406/befeo.1952.5158. [URL]. Pages 80–81, item B.1.

Damais, Louis-Charles. 1955. “Études d’épigraphie indonésienne, IV: Discussion de la date des inscriptions.” BEFEO 47, pp. 7–290. DOI: 10.3406/befeo.1955.5406. [URL]. Pages 86–87.

Hasan Djafar, Hasan Djafar, Ninie Susanti Tedjowasono, Andriyati Rahayu, Trigangga and Fifia Wardhani. 2016. Prasasti Batu: Pembacaan ulang dan alih aksara I. Jakarta: Museum Nasional Indonesia. Pages 99–104.