Kawali VI
Editor: Aditia Gunawan.
Identifier: DHARMA_INSIDENKKawali_6.
Hand description:
Language: Old Sundanese.
Repository: Nusantara Epigraphy (tfc-nusantara-epigraphy).
Version: (ac9645f), last modified (f510d28).
Edition
⟨1⟩ ø Ini pəR̥ti⟨ṁ⟩⟨2⟩gal· nu Atis·⟨3⟩ti rasa
Aya ma nu ⟨4⟩ ṅəsi ḍayəḥ Ivə ⟨5⟩ Ulaḥ bvatvaḥ bisi ⟨6⟩ kvakvaro
Apparatus
Translation by Aditia Gunawan and Arlo Griffiths
This is the relic of those who are of stable emotions (atisti rasa). If one resides here, one should not gamble: it will lead to suffering.
Bibliography
This inscription was accidentally discovered on 3 October 1995 by Sopar, the caretaker of the site (Titi Surti Nastiti 1996, p. 19). A decipherment of the text was published for the first time by Titi Surti Nastiti (1996) and reproduced in Titi Surti Nastiti & Hasan Djafar (2016), while Richadiana Kartakusuma (2005) offered a slightly different reading.
Primary
[TSN] Titi Surti Nastiti. 1996. “Prasasti Kawali.” Jurnal Penelitian Balai Arkeologi Bandung 4, pp. 19–37. Page 26.
[RK] Richadiana Kartakusuma. 2005. “Situs Kawali: ajaran Sunda dalam tradisi megalitik?” In: Islam dalam Kesenian Sunda dan kajian lainnya mengenai Budaya Sunda. Seri Sundalana 4. Bandung: Pusat Studi Sunda, pp. 42–54. Page 50.
Dirman Surachmat. 1986. “Kota Kawali: Kajian toponim.” In: Pertemuan Ilmiah Arkeologi IV, Cipanas, 3-9 Maret 1986. Vol. 2b: Aspek Sosial-Budaya. Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional, pp. 103–112.
Nandang Rusnandar. 1999. “Prasasti Kawali VI.” Kawit (Bulletin Kebudayaan Jawa Barat) 52, pp. 85–95. [URL].
Machi Suhadi. 1999. Prasasti-prasasti Kawali dari Ciamis, Jawa Barat. Jakarta: Proyek Pengembangan Media Kebudayaan, Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
Djadja Sukardja S. 2002. Astana Gede Kawali. 2nd edition. Ciamis: private publication.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/erc-dharma/project-documentation/master/schema/latest/DHARMA_Schema.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?>
<?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/erc-dharma/project-documentation/master/schema/latest/DHARMA_Schema.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>
<?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/erc-dharma/project-documentation/master/schema/latest/DHARMA_SQF.sch" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>
<?xml-model href="https://epidoc.stoa.org/schema/latest/tei-epidoc.rng" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?>
<?xml-model href="https://epidoc.stoa.org/schema/latest/tei-epidoc.rng" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="eng">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>Kawali VI</title>
<!--Change the title of the file, e.g. Raktamālā grant of the time of Budhagupta, year 159-->
<respStmt><!-- add an element respStmt for each person involved -->
<resp>intellectual authorship of edition</resp>
<!-- this may be the same as the creator of the file -->
<persName ref="part:adgu">
<name>Aditia Gunawan</name>
</persName>
</respStmt>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<authority>DHARMA</authority>
<pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
<idno type="filename">DHARMA_INSIDENKKawali_6</idno>
<!-- Replace by filename, e.g. Pallava00001 -->
<availability>
<licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
<p>This work is licenced under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported Licence. To view a copy of the licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA.</p>
<p>Copyright (c) 2019-2025 by Aditia Gunawan.</p>
<!-- Replace year and name, use format "Forename1 Surname1 & Forename2 Surname2" or "Forename1 Surname1, Forename2 Surname2 & Forename3 Surname3" if necessary — the copyright is that of the encoder(s) -->
</licence>
</availability>
<date from="2019" to="2025">2019-2025</date>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><!-- only the handDesc can be filled in at this stage -->
<msDesc><!-- //// NB: the msIdentifier had to be added for validation purposes ///. It will be edited later with the metadata spreadsheet -->
<msIdentifier>
<repository>DHARMAbase</repository>
<idno/>
<!-- don't modify this -->
</msIdentifier>
<msContents><!-- describe the intellectual content of an inscription -->
<summary><!-- //// NOT MANDATORY ////--></summary>
<!-- offers the possibility to give a summary of the inscription's content -->
</msContents>
<physDesc>
<handDesc>
<p><!-- The script name(s) will be inserted here at a later stage from the metadata spreasheet. At this stage, you can mention here in a free-text paragraph any characteristics of the writing observed more than once in this inscription that seem unusual/uncommon or otherwise noteworthy given the general characteristics of the script in question. See EG 11.2. --></p>
<!-- If you need to identify individual hands (EG §7.5/) in addition to one or more paragraphs of general palaeographic description, wrap <summary> around the <p> or <p>s above, and, outside <summary>, create <handNote> elements for each hand as follows:
<summary><p><p/></summary>
<handNote xml:id="Pallava00001_hand1"></handNote>
<handNote xml:id="Pallava00001_hand2"></handNote>
-->
</handDesc>
</physDesc>
</msDesc>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc>
<projectDesc>
<p>The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC)
under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant
agreement no 809994).</p>
</projectDesc>
<schemaRef type="guide" key="EGDv01" url="https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02888186"/>
<listPrefixDef>
<prefixDef ident="bib" matchPattern="([a-zA-Z0-9\-\_]+)" replacementPattern="https://www.zotero.org/groups/1633743/erc-dharma/items/tag/$1">
<p>Public URIs with the prefix bib to point to a Zotero Group Library named
ERC-DHARMA whose data are open to the public.</p>
</prefixDef>
<prefixDef ident="part" matchPattern="([a-z]+)" replacementPattern="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/erc-dharma/project-documentation/master/DHARMA_IdListMembers_v01.xml#$1">
<p>Internal URIs using the part prefix to point to person elements in the
<ref>DHARMA_IdListMembers_v01.xml</ref> file.</p>
</prefixDef>
</listPrefixDef>
</encodingDesc>
<revisionDesc>
<change who="part:axja" when="2021-04-10" status="draft">Updating language, comments, and translation</change>
<change who="part:axja" when="2020-11-03" status="draft">Updating toward the encoding template v03</change>
<change who="part:axja" when="2020-03-27" status="draft">adding the handDesc template</change>
<change who="part:axja" when="2020-01-09" status="draft">Update the template</change>
<!-- add a <change> for each change to the file, the first change should replace this one and record your creation of a file using this template. -->
</revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text xml:space="preserve">
<body>
<div type="edition" xml:lang="osn-Latn">
<p>
<lb n="1"/>ø Ini pəR̥ti<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied>
<lb n="2" break="no"/>gal· nu Atis·
<lb n="3" break="no"/>ti rasa </p> <p>Aya ma nu
<lb n="4"/>ṅəsi ḍayəḥ Ivə
<lb n="5"/>Ulaḥ bvatvaḥ bisi
<lb n="6"/>kvakvaro
</p>
</div>
<div type="apparatus">
<app loc="1">
<!--1. pəR̥ti‹ṁ›gal· TSN ◇ pəR̥tiṁgal· RK. — 5. bvatvaḥ ◇ botoḥ TSN RK. — 6. kvakvaro ◇ kokoro TSN RK. -->
<lem source="bib:TitiSurtiNastiti1996_01">pəR̥ti<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied><lb n="2" break="no"/>gal·</lem>
<rdg source="bib:RichadianaKartakusuma2005_01">pəR̥tiṁgal·</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="5">
<lem>bvatvaḥ</lem>
<rdg source="bib:TitiSurtiNastiti1996_01 bib:RichadianaKartakusuma2005_01">botoḥ</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="6">
<lem>kvakvaro</lem>
<rdg source="bib:TitiSurtiNastiti1996_01 bib:RichadianaKartakusuma2005_01">kokoro</rdg>
</app>
</div>
<div type="translation" resp="part:adgu part:argr">
<p>This is the relic of those who are of stable emotions <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>atisti rasa</foreign></supplied>. If one resides here, one should not gamble: it will lead to suffering.</p>
</div>
<div type="commentary">
<p n="1"> <foreign>pəR̥ti‹ṁ›gal</foreign> ◇ The prefix <foreign>pərə-</foreign>, <foreign>prə</foreign> or <foreign>pra</foreign> is not commonly used in OS. So far we have encountered <foreign>prəbakti</foreign> <q>devotion, worship</q> and <foreign>prətapa</foreign> <q>ascetic</q>. All instances are nouns, whether designating agents (<foreign>prətapa</foreign>) or actions (<foreign>prəbakti</foreign>). It must be noted that the base <foreign>tiṅgal</foreign> in OS (as in MdS and MdJ) never seems to have the meaning <q>to reside, to live (in a place)</q> familiar from Malay, but rather means <q>to be left behind</q>. We have the impression that <foreign>prətiṅgal</foreign> here has a meaning similar to MdS <foreign>titinggal</foreign> <q>relic, inheritance</q> and to that expressed by <foreign>tapak-valar</foreign> in <ref target="DHARMA_INSIDENKKawali_1a.xml">Kawa1a</ref>. Compare how in Malay the expression <foreign>jejak</foreign> has the same meaning as <foreign>peninggalan</foreign>.</p>
<p n="2-3"> <foreign>Atis·ti</foreign> ◇ Cf. <title>Sasana Mahaguru</title> 32: <foreign>nu ka‹ṅ›ken joṅ ta ma, na gəiṅ atisti pasanta</foreign> <q>what is comparable to a seaboat is the stable and peaceful mind</q>. It is not clear whom <foreign>nu Atis·ti rasa</foreign> refers to, whether it is the same as <foreign>nu sia mulia tapa</foreign> in <ref target="DHARMA_INSIDENKKawali_1a.xml">Kawa1a</ref>, i.e., King Wastu, another former king (or kings), or the hermit (or hermits). In our opinion, the first and second are the most plausible interpretations. However, the third interpretation need not be incompatible with the other two as kings themselves may be ascetics. Cf. <title>Carita Parahyaṅan</title> 11a, 39a, 24b, passages which narrate how several kings became ascetics (<foreign>ṅarajarəsi</foreign>).</p>
<p n="4"> <foreign>ivə</foreign> ◇ A variant of <foreign>iyə</foreign> <q>this, here</q>, MdS <foreign>ieu</foreign>. Cf. <title>Carita Parahyaṅan</title> 12r <foreign>ivə keh pamalaan ai‹ṅ›, təhər bava ku kita kədə-kədə</foreign>! <q>this is my punishment, so you take <supplied reason="subaudible">him</supplied> with force</q>.</p>
</div>
<div type="bibliography">
<p>This inscription was accidentally discovered on 3 October 1995 by Sopar, the caretaker of the site (<bibl><ptr target="bib:TitiSurtiNastiti1996_01"/><citedRange unit="page">19</citedRange></bibl>). A decipherment of the text was published for the first time by Titi Surti Nastiti (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:TitiSurtiNastiti1996_01"/></bibl>) and reproduced in Titi Surti Nastiti & Hasan Djafar (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:TitiSurtiNastiti+HasanDjafar_2016"/></bibl>), while Richadiana Kartakusuma (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:RichadianaKartakusuma2005_01"/></bibl>) offered a slightly different reading.
</p>
<listBibl type="primary">
<bibl n="TSN">
<ptr target="bib:TitiSurtiNastiti1996_01"/><citedRange>26</citedRange>
</bibl>
<bibl n="RK">
<ptr target="bib:RichadianaKartakusuma2005_01"/><citedRange>50</citedRange>
</bibl>
</listBibl>
<listBibl>
<bibl><ptr target="bib:DirmanSurachmat1986_01"/></bibl>
<bibl><ptr target="bib:NandangRusnandar1999_01"/></bibl>
<bibl><ptr target="bib:MachiSuhadi1999_01"/></bibl>
<bibl><ptr target="bib:DjadjaSukardjaS2002_01"/></bibl>
</listBibl>
</div>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>
Commentary
(1) pəR̥ti‹ṁ›gal ◇ The prefix pərə-, prə or pra is not commonly used in OS. So far we have encountered prəbakti “devotion, worship” and prətapa “ascetic”. All instances are nouns, whether designating agents (prətapa) or actions (prəbakti). It must be noted that the base tiṅgal in OS (as in MdS and MdJ) never seems to have the meaning “to reside, to live (in a place)” familiar from Malay, but rather means “to be left behind”. We have the impression that prətiṅgal here has a meaning similar to MdS titinggal “relic, inheritance” and to that expressed by tapak-valar in Kawa1a. Compare how in Malay the expression jejak has the same meaning as peninggalan.
(2–3) Atis·ti ◇ Cf. Sasana Mahaguru 32: nu ka‹ṅ›ken joṅ ta ma, na gəiṅ atisti pasanta “what is comparable to a seaboat is the stable and peaceful mind”. It is not clear whom nu Atis·ti rasa refers to, whether it is the same as nu sia mulia tapa in Kawa1a, i.e., King Wastu, another former king (or kings), or the hermit (or hermits). In our opinion, the first and second are the most plausible interpretations. However, the third interpretation need not be incompatible with the other two as kings themselves may be ascetics. Cf. Carita Parahyaṅan 11a, 39a, 24b, passages which narrate how several kings became ascetics (ṅarajarəsi).
(4) ivə ◇ A variant of iyə “this, here”, MdS ieu. Cf. Carita Parahyaṅan 12r ivə keh pamalaan ai‹ṅ›, təhər bava ku kita kədə-kədə! “this is my punishment, so you take [him] with force”.