Relief label from Borobudur’s hidden base, no. 154B (8th c. CE)

Authors of digital edition: Arlo Griffiths (argr), Hedwi Prihatmoko (hepr).

Language: Sanskrit (san) [Kawi (kawi)].

Repository: Nusantara Epigraphy (tfc-nusantara-epigraphy).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSIDENKBorobudurHB154B.

File path: xml/DHARMA_INSIDENKBorobudurHB154B.xml.

Version: 2026-05-13 17:13 (5e4f1dd), last modified 2026-05-13 17:13 (5e4f1dd).

Edition

⟨1⟩ bhogī

Apparatus

⟨1⟩ bhogī NJK1 SL NJK2 ⬦ bhogī HK; goṣṭhī HK.

Translation

wealthy person

Commentary

Kern proposed two versions of reading, namely bhogī and goṣṭhī. However, Krom and Lévi preferred the reading bhogī.

Bibliography

First published by Kern (1896); republished by the same author (1917) and subsequently by Krom (1927); Lévi (1932) made a critical edition by making a comparison to the Karma-Vibhaṅga text from Nepal, Tibet, and China; this digital edition based on the 1927 publication by Krom and Lévi in his 1932 publication.

Primary

[HK] Kern, Johan Hendrik Caspar. 1917. “Over de bijschriften op het beeldhouwwerk van Boro-Budur (± 850 A. D.)” In: Verspreide geschriften, zevende deel: inscripties van den Indischen archipel, slot; de Nāgarakṛtāgama, eerste gedeelte. ’s-Gravenhage: Nijhoff, pp. 145–156. Page 149.

[NJK1] Krom, Nicolaas Johannes. 1927. Barabudur: archaeological description, vol. I. The Hague: Nijhoff. Page 54.

[SL] Lévi, Sylvain. 1932. Mahā-karmavibhaṅga (La Grande classification des actes) et Karmavibhaṅgopadeśa (Discussion sur le MahāKarmavibhaṅga): textes sanscrits rapportés du Népal, édités et traduits avec les textes parallèles en sanscrit, en pali, en tibétain, en chinois et en koutchéen. Paris: E. Leroux. [URL]. Page 100, Tableau Comparatif, column Bb. (Panneaux de Boro-Budur), item 154.

[NJK2] Krom, Nicolaas Johannes. 1933. “Het Karmawibhangga op Barabuḍur.” MKAW 76, serie B, no. 8, pp. 215–283. Page 271.

Secondary

de Casparis, Johannes Gijsbertus. 1975. Indonesian palaeography: A history of writing in Indonesia from the beginnings to c. A.D. 1500. Handbuch der Orientalistik 3.4.1. Leiden: Brill. Page 32.

Fontein, Jan. 1989. The law of cause and effect in ancient Java. Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeling Letterkunde nieuwe reeks, deel 140. Amsterdam: North-Holland. Page 66.

Reichle, Natasha. 2009. “Unfinished Business: Clues about artistic praxis from the Hidden Foot of Borobudur.” Artibus Asiae 69 (2), pp. 335–356. [URL]. Pages 352–354, Table I, item O-154.

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<p><lb n="1"/>bhogī</p>

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<p>wealthy person</p>

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<p>Kern proposed two versions of reading, namely <foreign>bhogī</foreign> and <foreign>goṣṭhī</foreign>. However, Krom and Lévi preferred the reading <foreign>bhogī</foreign>.</p>

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