Stela from Bukit Gombak (N. 96), 1278 Śaka

Editor: Arlo Griffiths.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSIDENK00096.

Hand description:

Languages: Old Malay, Sanskrit.

Repository: Nusantara Epigraphy (tfc-nusantara-epigraphy).

Version: (20bd983), last modified (f510d28).

Edition

⟨01⟩ Oṁ ⟨1⟩ subham astu || ◯ ||

I. Śārdūlavikrīḍita

svasty astu prabhu-m-advayādmaja-nr̥pā Ādityavarmmaś śriyā |

a

vaṅśas-srī-Amarāryya ⟨2⟩ [⏑⏑]bira-pāpād ādi-buddhādhikam· |

b

maitritvaṁ karuṇā-m-upekṣa-muditā satvopa⟨3⟩kārā-guṇā |

c

ya⟨t⟩ tvaṁ rājasu dharmmarāja kr̥ta(va)t· lekhesibātiṣṭati || 0 ||

d
II. Vasantatilakā

⟨4⟩ śrī-kāmarāja-Adhimukti-sadā-smr̥ti(ś) ca |

a

nāmnābhiṣeka-sutathāgatabajradheyā |

b

A ⟨5⟩ [–]jña-pañca ṣaḍ-abhijña-supūrṇṇa-gātrā |

c

Ādityavarmman nr̥pate Adhirāja-rājaḥ || ◯ ||

d

svasti || ⟨6⟩ śrīmat· śrī-Udayādityavarmma pratāpa-parākrama rājendra-mauli-maṇivarmmadeva mahārājādhi⟨7⟩rāja | sakala-loka-jana-priya | dharmmarāja-kula-tilaka saraṇāgata-bajra-pañjara | Ekāṅga-vīra | du⟨8⟩(kha)-nigraha (dvi)ṣṭa-paripālaka | saptāṅga-rāja-sampada | maṅuddharaṇa paṭa-puṣṭaka-pratimālaya | yaṁ ta⟨9⟩llaḥ jīrṇṇa pada sapta-svarṇṇabhūmi | diparbvatkan· bihāra nānāvidha-prakāra | saha tāmbak gopura kalampura ⟨10⟩ nan· pañcamahāśabda | jalanda barbvat· ja[pa] (ho)ma niyama kr̥yā di paurṇnimāvāsyā di san·mukān daṁ bhi⟨11⟩kṣu brāmhaṇācāryyopāddhyāya | tyāda kopadrava | tyāda māli(ṁ) sāmun· | tyāda rabut· rentak· ⟨12⟩ sakala-bhaṣya-sampūrṇna | sakyan yaṁ mahima [3×][.]da di rasākda dātu | yad atra puṇya bāraṁ yaṁ ha⟨13⟩ndak barbvināśa sāsanenan· sapāpāñaṁ gohattya sapāpāñaṁ māta-pita-drohi | sapāpāña(ṁ) ⟨14⟩ svāmi-drohi guru-drohi | tuluta yaṁ maṅanumodana dharmmenan· sapuṇyāñaṁ yaṁṅ ūraṁ (A)mr̥⟨15⟩(ta-dān)a | Anna-dāna | sapuṇyāña{ṁ} yaṁṅ ūraṁ mātā-pita-bhakti | svāmi-bhakti | sapuṇyāṁña yaṁ⟨16⟩[ṅ ūraṁ] guru-bhakti deva-bhakti | sapuṇyāñaṁ yaṁṅ ūraṁ marakṣa śila pūrṇimāvāsya | Antyāña ma ⟨17⟩ nubhava samyak·-sambuddha-mārgga || ◯ //

III. Vasantatilakā

satvopakāra-kr̥ta-puṇya sudāna-dharmma |

a

jīrṇno⟨18⟩[ddhareṇa] sujanāśraya-puṇya-vr̥kṣaḥ |

b

nittya-pratāpa-kiraṇai(ḥ) sada-loka-saśri |

c

Ādi⟨19⟩ttyavarmma-nr̥pate maṇivarmmadeva // ◯ //

d
IV. Anuṣṭubh

subham astu gate śāke |

a

vasur mmuni-bhuje sthala⟨20⟩(m· |)

b

vaiśāke pañcadaśake |

c

site buddhaś ca rañjyatu // ✤ //

d

kr̥tir iyaṁ Ācāryya A⟨21⟩mpuṅku dharmmaddhvaja-nāmadheyassya | abhiśeka-karuṇābajra // ◯ // ⁋

Apparatus

⟨1⟩ -advayādmaja- ⬦ -advayāddvaja- Kr • Understand -advayātmaja-. Cf. Kuburajo I, l. 2-3.

⟨2⟩ maitritvaṁ ⬦ maitritvaṅ Kr.

⟨3⟩ ya⟨t⟩ tvaṁ ⬦ ya tvaṅ Kr. — ⟨3⟩ lekhesibātiṣṭati ⬦ lekhesibātiṣthati Kr • Is the intended reading perhaps lekhe silā tiṣṭati, in the sense of śilālekhe tiṣṭhati? Cf. Saruaso II, pāda a and Gudam I, st. IIId.

⟨4⟩ -smr̥ti(ś) ca | nāmnābhi- ⬦ -smr̥ti[1*] nāmābhi- Kr.

⟨5⟩ A ⟨5⟩ [–]jña-pañca ⬦ A ⟨5⟩ [.]ājñapañca Kr • The illegible akṣara must begin with consonant combination, because the first syllable of the pāda must be long. I first thought that I could read Abhijñapañca, but this would be unmetrical.

⟨6⟩ -Udayādityavarmma ⬦ -A[1*]yādityavarmma Kr • Cf. Rambahan, l. 14-15.

⟨7⟩ du⟨8⟩(kha)-nigraha (dvi)ṣṭa- ⬦ du ⟨5⟩ [1*][.]igraha[1+]riṣṭha- Kr.

⟨8⟩ saptāṅga-rāja-sampada ⬦ saptāṅgarājasayada Kr • saptāṅga-rāj(y)a and rāja-sampad-/-sampatti-/-sampada are fairly well attested in Sanskrit sources. The concepts seem to be merged here. — ⟨8⟩ ta⟨9⟩llaḥ ⬦ ta ⟨9⟩ lmaḥ Kr.

⟨10⟩ jalanda ⬦ jalan[.] Kr • It seems that this may be an error for śilanda. Cf. l. 16. — ⟨10⟩ ja[pa] (ho)ma niyama kr̥yā ⬦ ja[1*][.]āmaniyamakr̥yā Kr • On the spelling kr̥yā for kriyā, see Rambahan, l. 13. — ⟨10⟩ paurṇnimāvāsyā di ⬦ paurṇnamāvāsyādi Kr. — ⟨10⟩ san·mukān daṁ bhi⟨11⟩kṣu ⬦ san mukhāndha[2*] Kr • Read sammukhāndaṁ.

⟨12⟩ -bhaṣya- ⬦ [1*]ṣya Kr. — ⟨12⟩ mahima [3×][.]da di rasākda dātu ⬦ mahima [3*][.]dadivasā[.]dādātu Kr. — ⟨12⟩ puṇya ⬦ puṇyaṁ Kr.

⟨14⟩ (A)mr̥⟨15⟩(ta-dān)a | Anna-dāna | ⬦ [1*]mr̥⟨15⟩ta [1*][na] Anna-dāna | Kr • The execution of A is unusually compact, but given the inward top bend of the right vertical bar, this cannot be ma (the only other option which occurred to me), and the context rather clearly requires A. It seems likely that the engraver actually wrote Amr̥tādāna, but tā would be in that case be a substandard spelling.

⟨15⟩ sapuṇyāña{ṁ} yaṁṅ ūraṁ ⬦ sapuṇyāñaṅ yaṅ ṅūraṅ Kr • Consonant gemination in yaṁṅ, understand yaṅ. — ⟨15⟩ sapuṇyāṁña yaṁ⟨16⟩[ṅ ūraṁ] guru- ⬦ sapuṇyāñayaṅ⟨16⟩[3*]ru- Kr.

⟨16⟩ pūrṇimāvāsya ⬦ pūrṇamāvāsya Kr.

⟨17⟩ jīrṇno⟨18⟩[ddhareṇa] sujanāśraya- ⬦ jīrṇno⟨18⟩[3*]yajanaśraya- Kr • My restitution is a guess but seems to be in conformity with the traces that remain visible, and makes for structural parallelism with pāda c.

⟨18⟩ puṇya-vr̥kṣaḥ | nittya- ⬦ -puṇyavr̥kṣamanittya- Kr. — ⟨18⟩ -kiraṇai(ḥ) sada-loka-saśri ⬦ -kiraṇai sa[1*]lokasaśrī Kr.

Translation by Arlo Griffiths

(1) Om. Be it well!

I
I. Let there be prosperity, o lord, son of Advaya/Advayā, king Śrī Ādityavarman, belonging to the illustrious Amarāryavaṁśa ... from sin ... more than the Primordial Buddha. The virtues of friendliness, kind disposition, patience, sympathy, assistance to living beings, which you, a righteous king among kings, have effected, stand written in a stone edict (or: an edict on good practices).
II
And always mindful of the disposition (adhimukti) of King Kāma (i.e. his father Anaṅgavarman), having the consecration name Sutathāgatavajra, with five ..., and your limbs full to the brim with six supernatural powers (abhijña), o king Ādityavarman, overlord of kings:

(6–9) Hail! O illustrious Śrī Udayādityavarman, of ardent valor, god who are the shield of the crown jewels of kings among kings, overlord of great kings, dear to all people in the world, ornament of a lineage of righteous kings (or: ornament of the lineage of Dharmarājan), adamantine cage for those who seek refuge, hero with only one limb (?) / hero of Sandalwood(land) (?), restrainer of sorrow, protector against enemies, enjoying the prosperity (sampada) of seven royal constituents (aṅga), who restore the (written) cloths, books and temples (or: the storages of cloth, books and statues), that are dilapidated in the seven Gold-Lands.

(9–12) Let the (officers of the rank) pañcamahāśabda be caused to build monasteries of various types and sorts, with causeways, gates, kalampura (kalam = kolam, ‘tank’?). His excellency’s procedure is to perform muttering, oblation, observances and rituals on full and new moon in the presence (saṁmukha-an, cf. Mod. Malay hadap-an) of monks, brāhmaṇas, teachers and preceptors. There will be no bursts of wrath. There will be no thiefs or robberies. There will be no pulling or tugging. All of the ... are complete. As many ... of the king.

(12–17) Whatever merit is in it, whoever wishes to nullify that (royal) order, his sin equals that of the slaughter(er) of a cow; his sin equals that of one who deceives his parents; his sin equals that of one who deceives his master, of one who deceives his teacher. ... who gives support to that foundation, his merit equals that of a man who gives water and food; his merit equals that of a man who is devoted to his parents, devoted to his master; his merits equals that of a man who is devoted to his teacher, devoted to the gods; his merit equals that of a man who protects the stone (or: customary practices) on full and new moon; his last will be an existence as a man on the path to becoming a completely enlightened one.

III
Your merit achieved through assistance to living beings; your righteousness consisting in liberality; by you restoration of old (religious estates) a tree of merit and a refuge for good people; by your perpetually burning rays, endowed with good light (sadāloka) and with lustre, o king Ādityavarman, o god who are the shield of the (crown) jewels:
IV
Let it be well, in the elapsed (year) (8) vasus, (7) sages, (2) arms, (1) surface (i.e. in 1278) śaka, on the fifteenth of the waxing (fortnight) of Vaiśākha. And may the Buddha be delighted!

(20–21) This is the composition of the master, milord named Dharmadhvaja, consecration (name) Karuṇāvajra.

Commentary

Bibliography

First deciphered, translated and furnished with a commentary by R. H. Th. Friederich (1854–1857); interpretation of the Sanskrit parts improved by H. Kern (1873, 1917); deciphered again by N. J. Krom (1912) and J. Brandes (1913). In none of these publications was the presence of a subtantial portion in Old Malay clearly acknow Re-edited here by Arlo Griffiths from the EFEO estampages n. 2027, 2021, 2020, and furnished with a new translation.

Primary

[Fr] Friederich, R. H. Th. 1854–1857. “Over inscriptien van Java en Sumatra voor het eerst ontcijferd.” VBG 26 (1). [URL]. Pages 31–75.

[Ke] Kern, H. 1873. “Nog iets over 't opschrift van Pagger Roejong.” BKI 20, pp. 188–196. DOI: 10.1163/22134379-90000714. [URL].

[Kr] Krom, Nicolaas Johannes. 1912. “Transcripties van de reeds vroeger bekende inschriften van Pagarroejoeng en Soeroaso.” OV (Bijlage H), pp. 51–52. Item I.

[Br] Brandes, Jan Laurens Andries and Nicolaas Johannes Krom. 1913. Oud-Javaansche Oorkonden: Nagelaten transcripties. Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen 60 (parts 1 and 2). Batavia; 's-Hage: Albrecht; Nijhoff. [URL]. Pages 258–259, item CXXII.

[Ke] Kern, H. 1917. “Nog iets over 't opschrift van Pagarruyung in Mĕnangkabau (1278 Çāka).” In: Verspreide geschriften, zesde deel: Indonesië in ’t algemeen, slot; Inscripties van den Indischen archipel, eerste gedeelte. ‘s-Gravenhage: Nijhoff, pp. 265–275.

Secondary

Krom, Nicolaas Johannes. 1912. “Inventaris der oudheden in de Padangsche bovenlanden.” OV (Bijlage G), pp. 33–50. Item 23.