EIAD 161. Piḍiha grant (Kānukollu plates, set I) — reign of Nandivarman I, year 14

Authors of digital edition: Arlo Griffiths (argr), Emmanuel Francis (emfr).

Palaeographic description: Lettering typical of the 4th century CE. The shapes of d, ḍ and even ṭ are not clearly distinguished.

Language: Middle Indo-Aryan (pra) [Southern Brāhmī (other) (brāhmī_southern_other)].

Repository: Early Andhra (tfb-eiad-epigraphy).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSEIAD00161.

File path: texts/xml/DHARMA_INSEIAD00161.xml.

Version: 2026-05-06 08:36 (906f5ff), last modified 2026-05-06 08:36 (906f5ff).

Edition

⟨Page 1r⟩

⟨Page 1v⟩⟨left: 1⟩

⟨1⟩ vijayaveṁgī-purā bappa-bhaṭṭāraka-

⟨2⟩ -pāda-pariggahitassa mahārāja-

⟨3⟩ -sirī-naṁdivaṁmassa vacaṇena pi-

⟨Page 2r⟩⟨left: (2)⟩

⟨4⟩ ḍiha-ggāme mutuḍa-ppamuho gāmo

⟨5⟩ savva-samaggo savvāyoga-pesana-

⟨6⟩ -kulaputta-bhaḍa-manussā bhāṇitavvā

⟨Page 2v⟩

⟨7⟩ Iha hi Amha-dhammāyu-bala-vaddha-

⟨8⟩ ṇattha(ṁ) bālaka-mahārāja-kumāra-

⟨9⟩ -kha(ṁ)da-pottassa ya santisatthiyanaṁ

⟨Page 3r⟩⟨left: 3⟩

⟨10⟩ Icchanteṇa mayā Etassa sāpānu-

⟨11⟩ ggaha-samatthassa nānā-gotta-ca-

⟨12⟩ raṇa-tapassa(jjhā)ya-niratassa

⟨Page 3v⟩

⟨13⟩ Aggahāra-rathākāra-cātuvejjassa

⟨14⟩ Esa piḍiha-ggāmo Aggahāra-ra-

⟨15⟩ thak(ā)ra-vidhānena saṁpadatto tassa ya

⟨Page 4r⟩⟨left: 4⟩

⟨16⟩ Aggahārassa Ime parihāre

⟨17⟩ vitarāmi Appavesaṁ A(no)-

⟨18⟩ māsaṁ Alona-kkhātakaṁ Araṭṭha-

⟨Page 4v⟩

⟨19⟩ -saṁvinaIkaṁ Acollakakurakhaṭṭa-

⟨20⟩ ggahaṇaṁ Aharita-paṁṇasāka-

⟨21⟩ puppa-phala-duddha-dadhi-ghata-

⟨Page 5r⟩⟨left: 5⟩

⟨22⟩ takka-ggahaṇa-m-ādikaṁ Etehi

⟨23⟩ parihārehi sesehi pi A-

⟨24⟩ lihita-cukka-khalitehi savva-

⟨Page 5v⟩⟨left: [*]⟩

⟨25⟩ -jāta-parihārehi parihara-

⟨26⟩ dha pariharāpedha ca yo ca

⟨27⟩ khu Etaṁ sāsanaṁ Appamānaṁ

⟨Page 6r⟩⟨left: 6⟩

⟨28⟩ kātūṇa bādhapīlaṁ janejjo

⟨29⟩ tassa khu na parituss¿a?jjamha

⟨30⟩ tti _ bhavati cātra

⟨Page 6v⟩⟨left: [*]⟩

⟨31⟩ sva-dattam para-dattaṁ vā yo nr̥po

⟨32⟩ noddhared dhareT_ jātau jātau

⟨Page 7r⟩⟨left: 7⟩

⟨33⟩ sa pibati viṣaṅ hāla-halaM

⟨34⟩ halaM bahubhir v¿u?sudhā dattā bahu-

⟨Page 7v⟩⟨left: [*]⟩

⟨35⟩ bhiś cānupālit¿aṁ? _ yasya

⟨36⟩ yasya yadā bhūmis tasya tasya

⟨37⟩ tadā phalaM⁓

⟨Page 8r⟩⟨left: 8⟩

⟨38⟩ sava 10 4 vāsa 2 diva 1 hatthis(ā)m(i)

⟨39⟩ Āṇattī mahārājaputo koṁgala-

⟨40⟩ putto hadappag(g)āhamatyavaro ya ti ⁓

⟨Page 1r⟩

⟨Page 1v⟩⟨left: 1⟩ ⟨1⟩ vijayaveṁgī-purā bappa-bhaṭṭāraka⟨2⟩-pāda-pariggahitassa mahārāja⟨3⟩-sirī-naṁdivaṁmassa vacaṇena pi⟨Page 2r⟩⟨left: (2)⟩⟨4⟩ḍiha-ggāme mutuḍa-ppamuho gāmo ⟨5⟩ savva-samaggo savvāyoga-pesana⟨6⟩-kulaputta-bhaḍa-manussā bhāṇitavvā

⟨Page 2v⟩ ⟨7⟩ Iha hi Amha-dhammāyu-bala-vaddha⟨8⟩ṇattha(ṁ) bālaka-mahārāja-kumāra⟨9⟩-kha(ṁ)da-pottassa ya santisatthiyanaṁ ⟨Page 3r⟩⟨left: 3⟩ ⟨10⟩ Icchanteṇa mayā Etassa sāpānu⟨11⟩ggaha-samatthassa nānā-gotta-ca⟨12⟩raṇa-tapassa(jjhā)ya-niratassa ⟨Page 3v⟩ ⟨13⟩ Aggahāra-rathākāra-cātuvejjassa ⟨14⟩ Esa piḍiha-ggāmo Aggahāra-ra⟨15⟩thak(ā)ra-vidhānena saṁpadatto

tassa ya ⟨Page 4r⟩⟨left: 4⟩ ⟨16⟩ Aggahārassa Ime parihāre ⟨17⟩ vitarāmi Appavesaṁ A(no)⟨18⟩māsaṁ Alona-kkhātakaṁ Araṭṭha⟨Page 4v⟩⟨19⟩-saṁvinaIkaṁ Acollakakurakhaṭṭa⟨20⟩ggahaṇaṁ Aharita-paṁṇasāka⟨21⟩puppa-phala-duddha-dadhi-ghata⟨Page 5r⟩⟨left: 5⟩⟨22⟩takka-ggahaṇa-m-ādikaṁ

Etehi ⟨23⟩ parihārehi sesehi pi A⟨24⟩lihita-cukka-khalitehi savva⟨Page 5v⟩⟨left: [1×]⟩⟨25⟩-jāta-parihārehi parihara⟨26⟩dha pariharāpedha ca

yo ca ⟨27⟩ khu Etaṁ sāsanaṁ Appamānaṁ ⟨Page 6r⟩⟨left: 6⟩ ⟨28⟩ kātūṇa bādhapīlaṁ janejjo ⟨29⟩ tassa khu na parituss⟨e⟩jjamha ⟨30⟩ tti _

bhavati cātra

1. Anuṣṭubh

⟨Page 6v⟩⟨left: [1×]⟩ ⟨31⟩ sva-dattam para-dattaṁ vā

yo nr̥po ⟨32⟩ noddhared dhareT_

jātau jātau ⟨Page 7r⟩⟨left: 7⟩ ⟨33⟩ sa pibati

viṣaṅ hāla-halaM ⟨34⟩ halaM

2. Anuṣṭubh

bahubhir v⟨a⟩sudhā dattā

bahu⟨Page 7v⟩⟨left: [1×]⟩⟨35⟩bhiś cānupālit⟨ā⟩ _

yasya ⟨36⟩ yasya yadā bhūmis

tasya tasya ⟨37⟩ tadā phalaM⁓

⟨Page 8r⟩⟨left: 8⟩ ⟨38⟩ sava 10 4 vāsa 2 diva 1 hatthis(ā)m(i) ⟨39⟩ Āṇattī mahārājaputo koṁgala⟨40⟩putto hadappag(g)āhamatyavaro ya ti ⁓

⟨Page 1r⟩

Etehi ⟨23⟩ parihārehi sesehi pi A⟨24⟩lihita-cukka-khalitehi savva⟨Page 5v⟩⟨left: [1×]⟩⟨25⟩-jāta-parihārehi parihara⟨26⟩dha pariharāpedha ca

yo ca ⟨27⟩ khu Etaṁ sāsanaṁ Appamānaṁ ⟨Page 6r⟩⟨left: 6⟩ ⟨28⟩ kātūṇa bādhapīlaṁ janejjo ⟨29⟩ tassa khu na parituss¿a?⟨e⟩jjamha ⟨30⟩ tti _

bhavati cātra

1. Anuṣṭubh

⟨Page 6v⟩⟨left: [1×]⟩ ⟨31⟩ sva-dattam para-dattaṁ vā

yo nr̥po ⟨32⟩ noddhared dhareT_

jātau jātau ⟨Page 7r⟩⟨left: 7⟩ ⟨33⟩ sa pibati

viṣaṅ hāla-halaM ⟨34⟩ halaM

2. Anuṣṭubh

bahubhir v¿u?⟨a⟩sudhā dattā

bahu⟨Page 7v⟩⟨left: [1×]⟩⟨35⟩bhiś cānupālit¿aṁ?⟨ā⟩ _

yasya ⟨36⟩ yasya yadā bhūmis

tasya tasya ⟨37⟩ tadā phalaM⁓

⟨Page 8r⟩⟨left: 8⟩ ⟨38⟩ sava 10 4 vāsa 2 diva 1 hatthis(ā)m(i) ⟨39⟩ Āṇattī mahārājaputo koṁgala⟨40⟩putto hadappag(g)āhamatyavaro ya ti ⁓

Apparatus

⟨1⟩ -bhaṭṭāraka- • The reading at first sight would seem to be -bhajṭaraka-. But -bhaṭṭāraka- is expected, and what appears to be the middle horizontal of a j must thus be -ā attached in an unusual position.

⟨4⟩ mutuḍa- ⬦ mutyada- KR • We accept D.C. Sircar’s reading provided in editorial notes to Krishna Rao’s article.

⟨9⟩ ya santisatthiyanaṁ ⬦ yasattisatthiyanaṁ KR • We accept D.C. Sircar’s reading provided in editorial notes to Krishna Rao’s article.

⟨13⟩ -rathākāra- • Krishna Rao 1955–1956 proposes to emend -rathakāra-.

⟨17⟩ A(no)⟨18⟩māsaṁ • Or has the scribe written Aṇamāsaṁ?

⟨29⟩ parituss¿a?⟨e⟩jjamha • By emendation we obtain a 1st pl. opt. form with imp. ending.

⟨34⟩ halaM • D.C. Sircar proposes to emend dhruvam.

⟨35⟩ cānupālit¿aṁ?⟨ā⟩ • Or is what seems to be an anusvāra actually the trace of the expected -ā?

⟨38⟩ hatthis(ā)m(i) • Or read hatthisama = hatthasama? Or hatthisam[uha]? Cf. EIAD 160, l. 14 samuhāṇattī.

⟨39⟩ -puto koṁgala- ⬦ -puṇakoṁgala- KR • We accept D.C. Sircar’s reading provided in editorial notes to Krishna Rao’s article.

⟨40⟩ hadappag(g)āhamatyavaro ya ti ⬦ adappaggāha chetya varohati KR • We accept D.C. Sircar’s reading provided in editorial notes to Krishna Rao’s article.

Translation

⟨1–6⟩ From the victorious city of Veṅgī, by the command of the glorious great king Nandivarman, who is favored by (or: who has embraced) the feet of his lord father, in the village of Piḍiha, the village headed by the mutuḍa, all complete—the men of good family (kulaputta) and constables (bhaḍamanussā) ⟨appointed to⟩ all duties and services—are to be addressed (thus):

⟨7–15⟩ ‘For here by me, in order to increase our merit (dharma), longevity and strength, and desiring the peace and prosperity of the infant crown-prince Khandapotta, has been given this village of Piḍiha, in accordance with the rules of the Rathakāra settlement, to the community of Caturvedins of the Rathakāra settlement, which is capable of both of cursing and of showing kindness, which belongs to various lineages and schools and is steeped in austerities as well the study of the Vedas.

⟨16–30⟩ And I confer to this settlement these immunities: it is not to be entered (by royal officers without permission); not to be interfered with; not to be dug for salt; not to be controlled by the (superordinate) territory (araṭṭhasaṁvinaIkaṁ):¹ not to supply water-pots, boiled rice and cots; not to supply grass, betel leaves, vegetables, flowers, fruit, curd, milk, ghee and butter-milk; etc. With these exemptions and all other types of exemptions that have not been written due to erroneous omission, you shall exempt (this village) and (also) cause (it) to be exempted. Whosoever, failing to respect this edict, would cause trouble or harassment, of him we would not approve.’

⟨30⟩ And in this regard there is ⟨a statement⟩:

The king who does not rescue or sustain what is given by himself or given by another, surely (dhruvam) drinks the poison (named) hālahala from birth to birth.

By many land has been given and by many protected. Whoever holds land at a given moment, to him does the fruit then belong.

⟨38–40⟩ Year 14, (fortnight of the) rainy season 2, day 1. The executor is Hatthisāmi, (who is) the son of mahārāja, son of Koṁgala (mahārājaputo koṁgalaputto), and the best among ministers ⟨in charge of⟩ the seizure of (i.e., recovering, reclaiming) stolen goods (?).²

Commentary

For diverse comments on this charter, in the context of the Śālaṅkāyana corpus as a whole, see Francis 2025.

Regarding the plate numbering, Krishna Rao 1955–1956, p. 2 commented: “The plates have writing on both sides with the exception or the first and last, which bear writing on their inner side. The inscribed faces of the plates are numbered with the ancient numerals of the aksharapalli. The numbers appear on the left margin above the hole. The first plate contains the figure l on its reverse side, while the number 8 appears on the obverse or inner side of the last plate. The remaining plates have numbers on their obverse side.But a peculiar feature of the numbering of the plates 5, 6 and 7 is that there is a symbol on their reverse side, whose value is not clear. These symbols are not met with elsewhere.” To this we add the following observations

2r: the sign visible on the facsimile looks more like a 1, but a 2 is expected and there is perhaps the trace of a second stroke visible that would make this 2.
5v: The illegible sign could be a numeral.
6v: The illegible sign could be a numeral.
7v: The illegible sign could be a numeral.

Bibliography

Edited first for a Telugu readship and then for an international readership by Krishna Rao (1950, 1955–1956). Re-edited and translated by Arlo Griffiths & Emmanuel Francis, making use of Krishna Rao’s facsimiles, and published in 2017 on the experimental site Griffiths and Tournier 2017. The XML source code from Griffiths and Tournier 2025 was adapted for DHARMA by Arlo Griffiths in 2026.

Primary

Krishna Rao, Bhavaraju Venkata. 1950. “శాలంకాయనులనాటి రెండు క్రొత్త తామ్రశాసనములు (Śālaṅkāyanulanāṭi reṇḍu krotta tāmraśāsanamulu).” Bhārati 27 (1), pp. 69–84.

[KR] Krishna Rao, B. V. 1955–1956. “Two Salankayana charters from Kanukollu.” EI 31, pp. 1–10. [URL]. Pages 1–7.

Griffiths, Arlo and Vincent Tournier. 2017. “Early inscriptions of Āndhradeśa.” [URL].

Secondary

ARIE 1946–47. Annual report on Indian epigraphy for 1946-47. Edited by Bahadur Chand Chhabra. Delhi: Manager of Publications (Department of Archaeology). Page 1, item A.1.

Chhabra, Bahadur Chand, N. Lakshminarayan Rao and M. Ashraf Husain. 1949. “Ten years of Indian epigraphy (1937–46).” Ancient India 5, pp. 46–61. [URL]. Pages 46–47.

Ramanatham, R. 1949–1950. “Salankayana Nandivarma’s Kanukollu Prakrit copper-plate inscription.” JAHRS 20, pp. 87–90.

Gai, Govind Swamirao. 1969–1970. “Sakrepatna plates of Pallava Simhavarman, year 41.” EI 38, pp. 98–105. Item 861.

Krishnan, K. G. and J. Sundaram. 1989. Uṭṭaṅkita Sanskrit Vidyā-Araṇya epigraphs, vol. III: Sanskrit inscriptions 320 to 600 A.D. Reprint 2006. Mysore: Uṭṭaṅkita Vidyā-Araṇya Trust. Pages 67–70, item 33.

Francis, Emmanuel. 2025. “Between Two Rivers: The Śālaṅkāyana Charters (EIAD 159–168, ca. 300–450 CE).” In: Early Āndhradeśa: Historical studies around the epigraphic corpus. Volume II: Studies. Edited by Arlo Griffiths, Vincent Tournier and Akira Shimada. Gonda Indological Studies 25. Leiden: Brill, pp. 334–376. DOI: 10.1163/9789004744097_010. [URL].

Notes

1. According to Sircar 1966, p. 392, this MIA form corresponds to Sanskrit arāṣṭrasāṃvinayika and “refers to the freedom of the gift land from the administrative control to which the district in which it was situated was subject” (Sircar 1966, p. 392). Even though it may seem counter-intuitive because of the double negation (a- and vi-), meanings of vinī such as “to instruct, to direct, to punish” allow this interpretation. See also Senart 1902–1903, pp. 67–68; Mirashi and Mahajan 1941–1942, p. 149; Sircar 1965, p. 199, n. 4. Ther term also occurs in EIAD 172. For Pallava attestations, see Francis 2017, p. 461.
2. This passage is very obscure. Sircar believed that two executors (Hatthisāmi and Vara) are mentioned, but we tentatively propose that the second description applies to the same Hatthisāmi. We follow Sircar’s suggestion that hadappag(g)āhamatya stands for Sanskrit hr̥tapragrāhāmātya, “i.e. an amātya or officer in charge of the seizure of stolen goods” (Krishna Rao 1955–1956, p. 6).

Display Options Word Wrap Line Numbers Comments Processing Instructions

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Data source: 'iksvaku-inscriptions/metadata/EIAD-inventory.xlsx'

- - - - - - - - -

[1] Inventory no. EIAD: 161

[2] Raghunath no.:

[3] Srinivasan & Sankaranarayanan no.:

[4] Tsukamoto no.:

[5] Lüders no.:

[6] Support : 8 copper plates

[7] (Faces:) Lines:

[8] H: 2.75 in.

[9] W: 7.25 in.

[10] D: 1/6 in.

[11] H:

[12] W:

[13] Language(s): MIA + Sanskrit (imprecations only)

[14] Original locality: Kānukollu, Guḍivāḍa Tk., Krishna Dt.

[15] Present locality: Mr. B. V. Krishna Rao, M.A., B.L., Commissioner, Hindu Religious Endowments Board, Madras (acc. to ARIE)

[16] Primary bibliography: Krishna Rao 1955-56: 1-7

[17] Secondary bibliography: ARIE 1946-47: 1, no. A.1. — Bhārati, April 1950, 69ff. — Ramanatham 1949-50. — Chhabra et al. 1949:

46-7. — DLCPI 1887-1969: no. 861 ― Krishnan & Sundaram 1989: 67-70 (no. 33)

[18] Visual documentation: Ramanatham 1949-50. — Krishna Rao 1955-56.

[19] Substance of inscription: Gift of a village to Brahmins

[20] Remarks:

[21] : SA3 Kānukollu Plates Set No. 1

-->

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<lb n="14"/>Esa piḍiha-ggāmo Aggahāra-ra<lb n="15" break="no"/>thak<unclear>ā</unclear>ra-vidhānena saṁpadatto</p> <p>tassa ya

<pb n="4r"/><fw n="4r" place="left"><num value="4">4</num></fw><lb n="16"/>Aggahārassa Ime parihāre

<lb n="17"/>vitarāmi Appavesaṁ A<unclear>no</unclear><lb n="18" break="no"/>māsaṁ Alona-kkhātakaṁ Araṭṭha<pb n="4v"/><lb n="19" break="no"/>-saṁvinaIkaṁ Acollakakurakhaṭṭa<lb n="20" break="no"/>ggahaṇaṁ Aharita-paṁṇasāka<lb n="21" break="no"/>puppa-phala-duddha-dadhi-ghata<pb n="5r"/><fw n="5r" place="left"><num value="5">5</num></fw><lb n="22" break="no"/>takka-ggahaṇa-m-ādikaṁ</p> <p>Etehi

<lb n="23"/>parihārehi sesehi pi A<lb n="24" break="no"/>lihita-cukka-khalitehi savva<pb n="5v"/><fw n="5v" place="left"><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/></fw><lb n="25" break="no"/>-jāta-parihārehi parihara<lb n="26" break="no"/>dha pariharāpedha ca</p> <p>yo ca

<lb n="27"/>khu Etaṁ sāsanaṁ Appamānaṁ

<pb n="6r"/><fw n="6r" place="left"><num value="6">6</num></fw><lb n="28"/>kātūṇa bādhapīlaṁ janejjo

<lb n="29"/>tassa khu na parituss<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>e</corr></choice>jjamha

<lb n="30"/>tti <space/></p> <p>bhavati cātra</p>

<l n="a"><pb n="6v"/><fw n="6v" place="left"><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/></fw><lb n="31"/>sva-dattam para-dattaṁ vā</l>

<l n="b">yo nr̥po <lb n="32"/>noddhared dhareT<space/></l>

<l n="c">jātau jātau <pb n="7r"/><fw n="7r" place="left"><num value="7">7</num></fw><lb n="33"/>sa pibati</l>

<l n="d">viṣaṅ hāla-halaM <lb n="34"/>halaM</l>

</lg>

<l n="a">bahubhir v<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>sudhā dattā</l>

<l n="b">bahu<pb n="7v"/><fw n="7v" place="left"><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/></fw><lb n="35" break="no"/>bhiś cānupālit<choice><sic>aṁ</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice> <space/></l>

<l n="c">yasya <lb n="36"/>yasya yadā bhūmis</l>

<l n="d">tasya tasya <lb n="37"/>tadā phalaM<g ref="sym:dash" type="punctuation">.</g></l>

</lg>

<p><pb n="8r"/><fw n="8r" place="left"><num value="8">8</num></fw><lb n="38"/><abbr>sava</abbr> <num value="14"><g type="numeral">10</g> 4</num> vāsa <num value="2">2</num> <abbr>diva</abbr> <num value="1">1</num> hatthis<unclear>ā</unclear>m<unclear>i</unclear> <lb n="39"/>Āṇattī mahārājaputo koṁgala<lb n="40" break="no"/>putto hadappag<unclear>g</unclear>āhamatyavaro ya ti <g ref="sym:dash" type="punctuation">.</g>

</p>

</div>

<lem>-bhaṭṭāraka-</lem>

<note>The reading at first sight would seem to be <foreign>-bhajṭaraka-</foreign>. But <foreign>-bhaṭṭāraka-</foreign> is expected, and what appears to be the middle horizontal of a <foreign>j</foreign> must thus be <foreign>-ā</foreign> attached in an unusual position.</note>

</app>

<!--<app loc="2a, LM">

<note>The sign visible on the facsimile looks more like a 1, but a 2 is expected and there is perhaps the trace of a second stroke visible that would make this 2.</note>

</app>-->

<lem>mutuḍa-</lem>

<rdg source="bib:KrishnaRao1955-1956_01">mutyada-</rdg>

<note>We accept D.C. Sircar's reading provided in editorial notes to Krishna Rao’s article.</note>

</app>

<lem>ya santisatthiyanaṁ</lem>

<rdg source="bib:KrishnaRao1955-1956_01">yasattisatthiyanaṁ</rdg>

<note>We accept D.C. Sircar's reading provided in editorial notes to Krishna Rao’s article.</note>

</app>

<lem>-rathākāra-</lem>

<note><bibl><ptr target="bib:KrishnaRao1955-1956_01"/></bibl> proposes to emend <foreign>-rathakāra-</foreign>.</note>

</app>

<lem>A<unclear>no</unclear><lb n="18" break="no"/>māsaṁ</lem>

<note>Or has the scribe written <foreign>Aṇamāsaṁ</foreign>?</note>

</app>

<!--<app loc="5b, LM">

<note>The illegible sign could be a numeral.</note>

</app>-->

<lem>parituss<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>e</corr></choice>jjamha</lem>

<note>By emendation we obtain a 1st pl. opt. form with imp. ending.</note>

</app>

<!--<app loc="6b, LM">

<note>The illegible sign could be a numeral.</note>

</app>-->

<lem>halaM</lem>

<note>D.C. Sircar proposes to emend <foreign>dhruvam</foreign>.</note>

</app>

<!--<app loc="34">

<lem>v<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>sudhā</lem>

<note><bibl><ptr target="bib:KrishnaRao1955-1956_01"/></bibl> proposes to emend <foreign>vasudhā</foreign>/<foreign>vvasudhā</foreign>.</note>-->

<!--<app loc="7b, LM">

<note>The illegible sign could be a numeral.</note>

</app>-->

<lem>cānupālit<choice><sic>aṁ</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice></lem>

<note>Or is what seems to be an <foreign>anusvāra</foreign> actually the trace of the expected <foreign>-ā</foreign>?</note>

</app>

<lem>hatthis<unclear>ā</unclear>m<unclear>i</unclear></lem>

<note>Or read <foreign>hatthisama</foreign> = <foreign>hatthasama</foreign>? Or <foreign>hatthisam<supplied reason="lost">uha</supplied></foreign>? Cf. <ref target="DHARMA_INSEIAD00160.xml">EIAD 160</ref>, l. 14 <foreign>samuhāṇattī</foreign>.</note>

</app>

<lem>-puto koṁgala-</lem>

<rdg source="bib:KrishnaRao1955-1956_01">-puṇakoṁgala-</rdg>

<note>We accept D.C. Sircar's reading provided in editorial notes to Krishna Rao’s article.</note>

</app>

<lem>hadappag<unclear>g</unclear>āhamatyavaro ya ti</lem>

<rdg source="bib:KrishnaRao1955-1956_01">adappaggāha chetya varohati</rdg>

<note>We accept D.C. Sircar's reading provided in editorial notes to Krishna Rao’s article.</note>

</app>

</listApp>

</div>

<p n="1-6"> From the victorious city of Veṅgī, by the command of the glorious great king Nandivarman, who is favored by (or: who has embraced) the feet of his lord father, in the village of Piḍiha, the village headed by the <foreign>mutuḍa</foreign>, all complete—the men of good family <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kulaputta</foreign></supplied> and constables <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>bhaḍamanussā</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">appointed to</supplied> all duties and services—are to be addressed (thus):</p>

<p n="7-15">‘For here by me, in order to increase our merit (<foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">dharma</foreign>), longevity and strength, and desiring the peace and prosperity of the infant crown-prince Khandapotta, has been given this village of Piḍiha, in accordance with the rules of the Rathakāra settlement, to the community of Caturvedins of the Rathakāra settlement, which is capable of both of cursing and of showing kindness, which belongs to various lineages and schools and is steeped in austerities as well the study of the Vedas.</p>

<p n="16-30"> And I confer to this settlement these immunities:

it is not to be entered (by royal officers without permission);

not to be interfered with;

not to be dug for salt;

not to be controlled by the (superordinate) territory <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>araṭṭhasaṁvinaIkaṁ</foreign></supplied>:<note>According to <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1966_01"/><citedRange>392</citedRange></bibl>, this MIA form corresponds to Sanskrit <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">arāṣṭrasāṃvinayika</foreign> and <cit><quote>refers to the freedom of the gift land from the administrative control to which the district in which it was situated was subject</quote><bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1966_01"/><citedRange>392</citedRange></bibl></cit>. Even though it may seem counter-intuitive because of the double negation (<foreign>a-</foreign> and <foreign>vi-</foreign>), meanings of <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">vinī</foreign> such as “to instruct, to direct, to punish” allow this interpretation. See also <bibl><ptr target="bib:Senart1902-1903_01"/><citedRange unit="page">67-68</citedRange></bibl>; <bibl><ptr target="bib:Mirashi+Mahajan1941-1942_01"/><citedRange unit="page">149</citedRange></bibl>; <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1965_02"/><citedRange unit="page">199</citedRange><citedRange unit="note">4</citedRange></bibl>. Ther term also occurs in <ref target="DHARMA_INSEIAD00172.xml">EIAD 172</ref>. For Pallava attestations, see <bibl><ptr target="bib:Francis2017_01"/><citedRange unit="page">461</citedRange></bibl>.</note>

not to supply water-pots, boiled rice and cots;

not to supply grass, betel leaves, vegetables, flowers, fruit, curd, milk, ghee and butter-milk; etc.

With these exemptions and all other types of exemptions that have not been written due to erroneous omission, you shall exempt (this village) and (also) cause (it) to be exempted. Whosoever, failing to respect this edict, would cause trouble or harassment, of him we would not approve.’</p>

<p n="30">And in this regard there is <supplied reason="subaudible">a statement</supplied>:</p>

<p n="1" rend="stanza">The king who does not rescue or sustain what is given by himself or given by another, surely (<foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">dhruvam</foreign>) drinks the poison (named) <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">hālahala</foreign> from birth to birth.</p>

<p n="2" rend="stanza">By many land has been given and by many protected. Whoever holds land at a given moment, to him does the fruit then belong.</p>

<p n="38-40">Year 14, <supplied reason="explanation">fortnight of the</supplied> rainy season 2, day 1. The executor is Hatthisāmi, <supplied reason="explanation">who is</supplied> the son of <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">mahārāja</foreign>, son of Koṁgala <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>mahārājaputo koṁgalaputto</foreign></supplied>, and the best among ministers <supplied reason="subaudible">in charge of</supplied> the seizure of <supplied reason="explanation">i.e., recovering, reclaiming</supplied> stolen goods (?).<note>This passage is very obscure. Sircar believed that two executors (Hatthisāmi and Vara) are mentioned, but we tentatively propose that the second description applies to the same Hatthisāmi. We follow Sircar’s suggestion that <foreign>hadappag<unclear>g</unclear>āhamatya</foreign> stands for Sanskrit <foreign xml:lang="san-Latn">hr̥tapragrāhāmātya</foreign>, <cit><quote>i.e. an <hi rend="italic">amātya</hi> or officer in charge of the seizure of stolen goods</quote><bibl><ptr target="bib:KrishnaRao1955-1956_01"/><citedRange>6</citedRange></bibl></cit>.</note>

</p>

</div>

<p>For diverse comments on this charter, in the context of the Śālaṅkāyana corpus as a whole, see <bibl><ptr target="bib:Francis2025_01"/></bibl>.</p>

<p>Regarding the plate numbering, <bibl><ptr target="bib:KrishnaRao1955-1956_01"/><citedRange>2</citedRange></bibl> commented: <quote>The plates have writing on both sides with the exception or the first and last, which bear writing on their inner side. The inscribed faces of the plates are numbered with the ancient numerals of the <foreign>aksharapalli</foreign>. The numbers appear on the left margin above the hole. The first plate contains the figure l on its reverse side, while the number 8 appears on the obverse or inner side of the last plate. The remaining plates have numbers on their obverse side.But a peculiar feature of the numbering of the plates 5, 6 and 7 is that there is a symbol on their reverse side, whose value is not clear. These symbols are not met with elsewhere.</quote> To this we add the following observations

<list>

<item>2r: the sign visible on the facsimile looks more like a 1, but a 2 is expected and there is perhaps the trace of a second stroke visible that would make this 2.</item>

<item>5v: The illegible sign could be a numeral.</item>

<item>6v: The illegible sign could be a numeral.</item>

<item>7v: The illegible sign could be a numeral.</item>

</list>

</p>

</div>

<p>Edited first for a Telugu readship and then for an international readership by Krishna Rao (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:KrishnaRao1950_01"/></bibl>, <bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:KrishnaRao1955-1956_01"/></bibl>). Re-edited and translated by Arlo Griffiths & Emmanuel Francis, making use of Krishna Rao’s facsimiles, and published in 2017 on the experimental site <bibl><ptr target="bib:Griffiths+Tournier2017_01"/></bibl>. The XML source code from <bibl><ptr target="bib:Griffiths+Tournier2015-2025_01"/></bibl> was adapted for DHARMA by Arlo Griffiths in 2026. </p>

</listBibl>

</listBibl>

</div>

</body>

</text>

</TEI>