Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, Year 55

Author of digital edition: Natasja Bosma (nabo).

Language: Sanskrit (san) [Latin (latin)].

Repository: Dakṣiṇa Kosala (tfb-daksinakosala-epigraphy).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSDaksinaKosala00043.

File path: texts/DHARMA_INSDaksinaKosala00043.xml.

Version: 2024-05-31 13:36 (048a990), last modified 2024-05-31 13:36 (048a990).

Edition

Seal

rājña⟨ḥ⟩ śrīharṣaguptasya sūno⟨ḥ⟩ sadguṇaśālina⟨ḥ⟩ śāsanaṁ śivaguptasya sthitam ā bhuvanasthite⟨ḥ⟩

Plates

⟨Page 1r⟩

⟨Page 1v⟩
⟨1v1⟩ @ svasty aśeṣakṣit¿i?śavidyābhyāsaviśeṣāsādit¿i?mahan¿i?yavinayasa-
⟨1v2⟩ mpatsampāditasakalavij¿ī?g¿i?ṣuguṇo guṇava{T|}tsamāśrayaḥ prakṛ-
⟨1v3⟩ ṣṭataraśauryyaprajñāprabhāvasambhāvitamahābhyudaya⟨ḥ⟩ kārt⟨t⟩ikeya Iva{ḥ}
⟨1v4⟩ kṛt⟨t⟩ivāsa◯¡ṣ!o rājñaḥ śr¿i?harṣaguptar⟦e⟧⟨⟨ā⟩⟩jadevasya s¿u?nu⟨ḥ⟩ somava¡ṅ!śasa-
⟨1v5⟩ mbhava¡t! paramamāheśvaro mātāpit¡ri!pādānudhyātaḥ śr¿i?mahāśivaguptarāja⟨ḥ⟩-
⟨1v6⟩ devaḥ kuśalī|| Uṇibhog¿i?yagrāmavārttoḍake| brāhmaṇā⟨ṁ⟩ sa¡t!pūjya
⟨1v7⟩ tatpratinivāsikuṭumbino yathākālādhyāsinas samāhartṛsan⟨n⟩idhātṛ-

⟨Page 2r⟩
⟨2r1⟩ prabhṛt¿i?n asmatpādopaj¿i?vinaś ca sar¡bv!arājapuruṣā¡ḥ! samā-
⟨2r2⟩ jñāpayati| viditam astu bhavatā¡ḥ! yathāsmābhir ayaṁ grāmaḥ samprati
⟨2r3⟩ sanidhānaḥ sopanidhānas sar¡bv!akarādānasametaḥ sar¡bv!ap¿i?ḍāviva-
⟨2r4⟩ rjjitas sa◯daśāparādhaḥ pratiṣiddhacāṭabhaṭapraveśaḥ śr¿i?bāle-
⟨2r5⟩ śvarabhaṭṭārakaprati¡dvābba!śvarabhaṭṭārakapratiṣṭ¿a?kāle devakula-
⟨2r6⟩ khaṇḍasphuṭitasaṁskāraṅap¿u?jādipravarttanārtham arddhena| apa-
⟨2r7⟩ rārddhenāpi gurudakṣiṇāyāṁ śr¿i?bhagavad¡b!yāpaśivācāryyapādaśi-

⟨Page 2v⟩
⟨2v1⟩ ṣyaśr¿i?madastraśivācāryyasthānagurubhyaḥ śiṣyapraśiṣyāṇāṁ ¡b!yākhyānāt¡t!a-
⟨2v2⟩ sat⟨t⟩rapravarttanāya| a¡bv!ani¡bv!aḍirājñ¿i?vijñaptikayā mātāpitror āt¡n!anaś ca
⟨2v3⟩ puṇyābhi¡b!ṛddhaye samakālopabhogārtham ācandratārakārkka⟨ṁ⟩ payaḥpūr¡bv!akaṁ
⟨2v4⟩ tām{b}raś¿a?sa◯nena pratipādito gorasapatraśāko devasya varjayi-
⟨2v5⟩ tvā ⟨I⟩ty avagatya samucita⟨ṁ⟩ bhogabhāgādikam upanayanto bhavantaḥ sukhaṁ-
⟨2v6⟩ prativasa⟨n⟩tu|| bhāvinaś ca bh¿u?mipālān ud⟨d⟩iśyedam abhidh¿i?yate bh¿u?mipra-
⟨2v7⟩ dā divi lalanti patanti hanta hṛtvā mah¿i?⟨ṁ⟩ nṛpatayo narake nṛ¡saṅśa!T|

⟨Page 3r⟩
⟨3r1⟩ Etad ⟨d⟩vaya⟨ṁ⟩ parikal¿ai?y⟨y⟩a{ḥ} calāñ ca lakṣm¿i?m āyus tathā kuruta yad bhavatā-
⟨3r2⟩ m abh¿i?ṣṭaṁ Api ca ra¡khyā!pālanayos tāvat phalaṁ sugatidurggatī ko nāma sva-
⟨3r3⟩ rggam u¡cchri!jya narakaṁ pratipadyate|| ¡b!yāsag¿i?tā⟨ṁ⟩ś cātra ślokān udāharanti A-
⟨3r4⟩ gner apatyaṁ ◯prathama⟨ṁ⟩ suvarṇṇa⟨ṁ⟩ bhūr ¡bv!aiṣṇav¿i? sūryya¡ś!utāś ca gāvaḥ dattā⟨s⟩ traya-
⟨3r5⟩ s tena bhava◯nti lokā yaḥ kāñcanaṁ gāñ ca mah¿i?ñ ca dadyāT| ṣaṣṭivarṣasa-
⟨3r6⟩ ha¡ś!rāṇi svargge modati bhūmidaḥ ¿A?cchet⟨t⟩ā cānumantā ca t{t}āny eva narake va¡ś!eT|
⟨3r7⟩ bahubhir vvasudhā dattā rājabhi⟨ḥ⟩ ¡ś!agarādibhi⟨ḥ⟩ yasya yasya yadā bh¿u?mis tasya ta-
⟨3r8⟩ sya tadā phalaṁ ¡ś!vadattā⟨ṁ⟩ paradat⟨t⟩¿a?m ¡b!ā yatnād rakṣa yudhiṣṭhira mah¿i?⟨ṁ⟩ ma-

⟨Page 3v⟩

⟨3v1⟩ h¿i?bhṛtā⟨ṁ⟩ śreṣṭh¿ā? dānā⟨t⟩ ¡st!reyo 'nupālanaṁ|| pravarddha-

⟨3v2⟩ mānavijayarājye sam¡b!atsare pañcapañcāśattame

⟨3v3⟩ śrāvaṇaprathamacaturthyām aṅkena sam¡b!aT| ru 5 5

Seal

1. Anuṣṭubh

rājña⟨ḥ⟩ śrīharṣaguptasya sūno⟨ḥ⟩ sadguṇaśālina⟨ḥ⟩

śāsanaṁ śivaguptasya sthitam ā bhuvanasthite⟨ḥ⟩

Plates

⟨Page 1r⟩

⟨Page 1v⟩ ⟨1v1⟩ @ svasty aśeṣakṣit⟨ī⟩śavidyābhyāsaviśeṣāsādit⟨a⟩mahan⟨ī⟩yavinayasa⟨1v2⟩mpatsampāditasakalavij⟨i⟩g⟨ī⟩ṣuguṇo guṇava{T|}tsamāśrayaḥ prakṛ⟨1v3⟩ṣṭataraśauryyaprajñāprabhāvasambhāvitamahābhyudaya⟨ḥ⟩ kārt⟨t⟩ikeya Iva{ḥ} ⟨1v4⟩ kṛt⟨t⟩ivāsa◯⟨s⟩o rājñaḥ śr⟨ī⟩harṣaguptar⟦e⟧⟨⟨ā⟩⟩jadevasya s⟨ū⟩nu⟨ḥ⟩ somava⟨ṁ⟩śasa⟨1v5⟩mbhava⟨ḥ⟩ paramamāheśvaro mātāpit⟨ṛ⟩pādānudhyātaḥ śr⟨ī⟩mahāśivaguptarāja⟨ḥ⟩⟨1v6⟩devaḥ kuśalī|| Uṇibhog⟨ī⟩yagrāmavārttoḍake| brāhmaṇā⟨ṁ⟩ sa⟨ṁ⟩pūjya ⟨1v7⟩ tatpratinivāsikuṭumbino yathākālādhyāsinas samāhartṛsan⟨n⟩idhātṛ⟨Page 2r⟩⟨2r1⟩prabhṛt⟨ī⟩n asmatpādopaj⟨ī⟩vinaś ca sar⟨vv⟩arājapuruṣā⟨n⟩ samā⟨2r2⟩jñāpayati|

viditam astu bhavatā⟨ṁ⟩ yathāsmābhir ayaṁ grāmaḥ samprati ⟨2r3⟩ sanidhānaḥ sopanidhānas sar⟨vv⟩akarādānasametaḥ sar⟨vv⟩ap⟨ī⟩ḍāviva⟨2r4⟩rjjitas sa◯daśāparādhaḥ pratiṣiddhacāṭabhaṭapraveśaḥ śr⟨ī⟩bāle⟨2r5⟩śvarabhaṭṭārakaprati⟨baddhāmme⟩śvarabhaṭṭārakapratiṣṭ⟨ā⟩kāle devakula⟨2r6⟩khaṇḍasphuṭitasaṁskāraṅap⟨ū⟩jādipravarttanārtham arddhena| apa⟨2r7⟩rārddhenāpi gurudakṣiṇāyāṁ śr⟨ī⟩bhagavad⟨v⟩yāpaśivācāryyapādaśi⟨Page 2v⟩⟨2v1⟩ṣyaśr⟨ī⟩madastraśivācāryyasthānagurubhyaḥ śiṣyapraśiṣyāṇāṁ ⟨v⟩yākhyānāt⟨r⟩a⟨2v2⟩sat⟨t⟩rapravarttanāya| a⟨bb⟩ani⟨bb⟩aḍirājñ⟨ī⟩vijñaptikayā mātāpitror āt⟨m⟩anaś ca ⟨2v3⟩ puṇyābhi⟨v⟩ṛddhaye samakālopabhogārtham ācandratārakārkka⟨ṁ⟩ payaḥpūr⟨vv⟩akaṁ ⟨2v4⟩ tām{b}raś⟨ā⟩sa◯nena pratipādito gorasapatraśāko devasya varjayi⟨2v5⟩tvā ⟨I⟩ty

avagatya samucita⟨ṁ⟩ bhogabhāgādikam upanayanto bhavantaḥ sukhaṁ⟨2v6⟩prativasa⟨n⟩tu|| bhāvinaś ca bh⟨ū⟩mipālān ud⟨d⟩iśyedam abhidh⟨ī⟩yate

1. Vasantatilakā

bh⟨ū⟩mipra⟨2v7⟩dā divi lalanti patanti hanta

hṛtvā mah⟨ī⟩⟨ṁ⟩ nṛpatayo narake nṛ⟨śaṁsā⟩T|

⟨Page 3r⟩ ⟨3r1⟩ Etad ⟨d⟩vaya⟨ṁ⟩ parikal⟨a⟩y⟨y⟩a{ḥ} calāñ ca lakṣm⟨ī⟩m

āyus tathā kuruta yad bhavatā⟨3r2⟩m abh⟨ī⟩ṣṭaṁ

Api ca

2. Anuṣṭubh

ra⟨kṣā⟩pālanayos tāvat phalaṁ sugatidurggatī

ko nāma sva⟨3r3⟩rggam u⟨tsṛ⟩jya narakaṁ pratipadyate||

⟨v⟩yāsag⟨ī⟩tā⟨ṁ⟩ś cātra ślokān udāharanti

3. Indravajrā

A⟨3r4⟩gner apatyaṁ ◯prathama⟨ṁ⟩ suvarṇṇa⟨ṁ⟩

bhūr ⟨vv⟩aiṣṇav⟨ī⟩ sūryya⟨s⟩utāś ca gāvaḥ

dattā⟨s⟩ traya⟨3r5⟩s tena bhava◯nti lokā

yaḥ kāñcanaṁ gāñ ca mah⟨ī⟩ñ ca dadyāT|

4. Anuṣṭubh

ṣaṣṭivarṣasa⟨3r6⟩ha⟨s⟩rāṇi svargge modati bhūmidaḥ

⟨Ā⟩cchet⟨t⟩ā cānumantā ca t{t}āny eva narake va⟨s⟩eT|

5. Anuṣṭubh

⟨3r7⟩ bahubhir vvasudhā dattā rājabhi⟨ḥ⟩ ⟨s⟩agarādibhi⟨ḥ⟩

yasya yasya yadā bh⟨ū⟩mis tasya ta⟨3r8⟩sya tadā phalaṁ

6. Anuṣṭubh

⟨s⟩vadattā⟨ṁ⟩ paradat⟨t⟩⟨ā⟩m ⟨v⟩ā yatnād rakṣa yudhiṣṭhira

mah⟨ī⟩⟨ṁ⟩ ma⟨Page 3v⟩⟨3v1⟩h⟨ī⟩bhṛtā⟨ṁ⟩ śreṣṭh⟨a⟩ dānā⟨t⟩ ⟨ś⟩reyo 'nupālanaṁ||

pravarddha⟨3v2⟩mānavijayarājye sam⟨v⟩atsare pañcapañcāśattame ⟨3v3⟩ śrāvaṇaprathamacaturthyām aṅkena sam⟨v⟩aT| ru 5 5

Seal

1. Anuṣṭubh

rājña⟨ḥ⟩ śrīharṣaguptasya sūno⟨ḥ⟩ sadguṇaśālina⟨ḥ⟩

śāsanaṁ śivaguptasya sthitam ā bhuvanasthite⟨ḥ⟩

Plates

⟨Page 1r⟩

⟨Page 1v⟩ ⟨1v1⟩ @ svasty aśeṣakṣit¿i?⟨ī⟩śavidyābhyāsaviśeṣāsādit¿i?⟨a⟩mahan¿i?⟨ī⟩yavinayasa⟨1v2⟩mpatsampāditasakalavij¿ī?⟨i⟩g¿i?⟨ī⟩ṣuguṇo guṇava{T|}tsamāśrayaḥ prakṛ⟨1v3⟩ṣṭataraśauryyaprajñāprabhāvasambhāvitamahābhyudaya⟨ḥ⟩ kārt⟨t⟩ikeya Iva{ḥ} ⟨1v4⟩ kṛt⟨t⟩ivāsa◯¡ṣ!⟨s⟩o rājñaḥ śr¿i?⟨ī⟩harṣaguptar⟦e⟧⟨⟨ā⟩⟩jadevasya s¿u?⟨ū⟩nu⟨ḥ⟩ somava¡ṅ!⟨ṁ⟩śasa⟨1v5⟩mbhava¡t!⟨ḥ⟩ paramamāheśvaro mātāpit¡ri!⟨ṛ⟩pādānudhyātaḥ śr¿i?⟨ī⟩mahāśivaguptarāja⟨ḥ⟩⟨1v6⟩devaḥ kuśalī|| Uṇibhog¿i?⟨ī⟩yagrāmavārttoḍake| brāhmaṇā⟨ṁ⟩ sa¡t!⟨ṁ⟩pūjya ⟨1v7⟩ tatpratinivāsikuṭumbino yathākālādhyāsinas samāhartṛsan⟨n⟩idhātṛ⟨Page 2r⟩⟨2r1⟩prabhṛt¿i?⟨ī⟩n asmatpādopaj¿i?⟨ī⟩vinaś ca sar¡bv!⟨vv⟩arājapuruṣā¡ḥ!⟨n⟩ samā⟨2r2⟩jñāpayati|

viditam astu bhavatā¡ḥ!⟨ṁ⟩ yathāsmābhir ayaṁ grāmaḥ samprati ⟨2r3⟩ sanidhānaḥ sopanidhānas sar¡bv!⟨vv⟩akarādānasametaḥ sar¡bv!⟨vv⟩ap¿i?⟨ī⟩ḍāviva⟨2r4⟩rjjitas sa◯daśāparādhaḥ pratiṣiddhacāṭabhaṭapraveśaḥ śr¿i?⟨ī⟩bāle⟨2r5⟩śvarabhaṭṭārakaprati¡dvābba!⟨baddhāmme⟩śvarabhaṭṭārakapratiṣṭ¿a?⟨ā⟩kāle devakula⟨2r6⟩khaṇḍasphuṭitasaṁskāraṅap¿u?⟨ū⟩jādipravarttanārtham arddhena| apa⟨2r7⟩rārddhenāpi gurudakṣiṇāyāṁ śr¿i?⟨ī⟩bhagavad¡b!⟨v⟩yāpaśivācāryyapādaśi⟨Page 2v⟩⟨2v1⟩ṣyaśr¿i?⟨ī⟩madastraśivācāryyasthānagurubhyaḥ śiṣyapraśiṣyāṇāṁ ¡b!⟨v⟩yākhyānāt¡t!⟨r⟩a⟨2v2⟩sat⟨t⟩rapravarttanāya| a¡bv!⟨bb⟩ani¡bv!⟨bb⟩aḍirājñ¿i?⟨ī⟩vijñaptikayā mātāpitror āt¡n!⟨m⟩anaś ca ⟨2v3⟩ puṇyābhi¡b!⟨v⟩ṛddhaye samakālopabhogārtham ācandratārakārkka⟨ṁ⟩ payaḥpūr¡bv!⟨vv⟩akaṁ ⟨2v4⟩ tām{b}raś¿a?⟨ā⟩sa◯nena pratipādito gorasapatraśāko devasya varjayi⟨2v5⟩tvā ⟨I⟩ty

avagatya samucita⟨ṁ⟩ bhogabhāgādikam upanayanto bhavantaḥ sukhaṁ⟨2v6⟩prativasa⟨n⟩tu|| bhāvinaś ca bh¿u?⟨ū⟩mipālān ud⟨d⟩iśyedam abhidh¿i?⟨ī⟩yate

1. Vasantatilakā

bh¿u?⟨ū⟩mipra⟨2v7⟩dā divi lalanti patanti hanta

hṛtvā mah¿i?⟨ī⟩⟨ṁ⟩ nṛpatayo narake nṛ¡saṅśa!⟨śaṁsā⟩T|

⟨Page 3r⟩ ⟨3r1⟩ Etad ⟨d⟩vaya⟨ṁ⟩ parikal¿ai?⟨a⟩y⟨y⟩a{ḥ} calāñ ca lakṣm¿i?⟨ī⟩m

āyus tathā kuruta yad bhavatā⟨3r2⟩m abh¿i?⟨ī⟩ṣṭaṁ

Api ca

2. Anuṣṭubh

ra¡khyā!⟨kṣā⟩pālanayos tāvat phalaṁ sugatidurggatī

ko nāma sva⟨3r3⟩rggam u¡cchri!⟨tsṛ⟩jya narakaṁ pratipadyate||

¡b!⟨v⟩yāsag¿i?⟨ī⟩tā⟨ṁ⟩ś cātra ślokān udāharanti

3. Indravajrā

A⟨3r4⟩gner apatyaṁ ◯prathama⟨ṁ⟩ suvarṇṇa⟨ṁ⟩

bhūr ¡bv!⟨vv⟩aiṣṇav¿i?⟨ī⟩ sūryya¡ś!⟨s⟩utāś ca gāvaḥ

dattā⟨s⟩ traya⟨3r5⟩s tena bhava◯nti lokā

yaḥ kāñcanaṁ gāñ ca mah¿i?⟨ī⟩ñ ca dadyāT|

4. Anuṣṭubh

ṣaṣṭivarṣasa⟨3r6⟩ha¡ś!⟨s⟩rāṇi svargge modati bhūmidaḥ

¿A?⟨Ā⟩cchet⟨t⟩ā cānumantā ca t{t}āny eva narake va¡ś!⟨s⟩eT|

5. Anuṣṭubh

⟨3r7⟩ bahubhir vvasudhā dattā rājabhi⟨ḥ⟩ ¡ś!⟨s⟩agarādibhi⟨ḥ⟩

yasya yasya yadā bh¿u?⟨ū⟩mis tasya ta⟨3r8⟩sya tadā phalaṁ

6. Anuṣṭubh

¡ś!⟨s⟩vadattā⟨ṁ⟩ paradat⟨t⟩¿a?⟨ā⟩m ¡b!⟨v⟩ā yatnād rakṣa yudhiṣṭhira

mah¿i?⟨ī⟩⟨ṁ⟩ ma⟨Page 3v⟩⟨3v1⟩h¿i?⟨ī⟩bhṛtā⟨ṁ⟩ śreṣṭh¿ā?⟨a⟩ dānā⟨t⟩ ¡st!⟨ś⟩reyo 'nupālanaṁ||

pravarddha⟨3v2⟩mānavijayarājye sam¡b!⟨v⟩atsare pañcapañcāśattame ⟨3v3⟩ śrāvaṇaprathamacaturthyām aṅkena sam¡b!⟨v⟩aT| ru 5 5

Apparatus

Plates

⟨1v1⟩ °kṣit¿i?⟨ī⟩śa° ⬦ °kṣit¿i?⟨ī⟩ṣa° BJ.

⟨1v2⟩ °vij¿ī?⟨i⟩g¿i?⟨ī⟩ṣu° ⬦ °vijig¿i?⟨ī⟩ṣu° BJ.

⟨1v3⟩ kārt⟨t⟩ikeya ⬦ kārttikeya BJ.

⟨1v4⟩ śr¿i?⟨ī⟩° ⬦ śrī° BJ.

⟨1v5⟩ śr¿i?⟨ī⟩° ⬦ śrī° BJ.

⟨2r1⟩ °opaj¿i?⟨ī⟩vinaś ⬦ °opajīvinaś BJ.

⟨2r3⟩ °p¿i?⟨ī⟩ḍā° ⬦ °pīḍā° BJ.

⟨2r4⟩ śr¿i?⟨ī⟩° ⬦ śrī° BJ.

⟨2r7⟩ śr¿i?⟨ī⟩° ⬦ śrī° BJ.

⟨2v1⟩ °śr¿i?⟨ī⟩mad° ⬦ °śrīmad° BJ. — ⟨2v1⟩ ¡b!⟨v⟩yākhyā° ⬦ vyākhyā° BJ.

⟨2v2⟩ a¡bv!⟨bb⟩ani¡bv!⟨bb⟩aḍi° • An emendation to bhaṭṭinī° seems to be the best possibility here.

⟨2v6⟩ bh¿u?⟨ū⟩mi° ⬦ bhūmi° BJ. — ⟨2v6⟩ ud⟨d⟩iśyedam ⬦ udiṣyedam BJ. — ⟨2v6⟩ bh¿u?⟨ū⟩mi° ⬦ bhūmi° BJ.

⟨3r1⟩ lakṣm¿i?⟨ī⟩m ⬦ lakṣmīm BJ.

⟨3r3⟩ °g¿i?⟨ī⟩tā⟨ṁ⟩ś ⬦ °gītāś BJ.

⟨3r4⟩ ¡bv!⟨vv⟩aiṣṇav¿i?⟨ī⟩ ⬦ bvaiṣṇavī BJ.

⟨3r5⟩ mah¿i?⟨ī⟩ñ ⬦ mahīñ BJ.

⟨3r6⟩ va¡ś!⟨s⟩eT| ⬦ va¡ś!⟨s⟩eT BJ.

⟨3r7⟩ bh¿u?⟨ū⟩mis ⬦ bhūmis BJ.

⟨3r8⟩ ma⟨Page 3v⟩⟨3v1⟩h¿i?⟨ī⟩bhṛtā⟨ṁ⟩ ⬦ ma⟨Page 3v⟩⟨3v1⟩hībhṛtā BJ.

⟨3v3⟩ sam¡b!⟨v⟩aT ⬦ sambata BJ.

Translation

Seal

The charter of Śivagupta, son of the illustrious king Harṣagupta, who is possessed of good qualities, endures as long as the existence of the world

Plates

⟨1v1–2r2⟩ Success! Hail! The illustrious and great rājadeva Śivagupta who has been born in the Lunar Dynasty as the son of a king, the illustrious rājadeva Harṣagupta, like Kārttikeya is of Kṛttivāsas (i.e., Śiva); who is entirely devoted to Maheśvara; who is favoured by his father and mother; and who is in good health: He has acquired all the qualities of a conqueror through the perfection of praiseworthy discipline, effected in particular by implementing all the "political sciences"; he is a refuge for the virtuous; and his great prosperity has been brought about by his superior valour, intelligence, and strength! After having saluted the Brahmins in the village of Vārttoḍaka situated in the Uṇi bhoga, ⟨the king⟩ issues ⟨the following command⟩ to all royal officers who are dedicated to our service, beginning with the collector and the receiver; to those who are temporarily posted ⟨in the village⟩; and to the householders being inhabitants of that ⟨village⟩:

⟨2r2–2v5⟩ Let it be known to you that by means of ⟨this⟩ copperplate charter and preceded by a libation of water, this village has been granted by us today for the increase of religious merit of father, mother, and ourselves, to the venerable acārya Astraśiva, senior officiant ⟨at the Bāleśvara complex⟩ and the pupil of the venerable acārya Vyāpaśiva. ⟨The grant of the village took place⟩ on the occasion of the establishment of the Ammeśvara-bhaṭṭāraka temple attached to the illustrious Bāleśvara-bhaṭṭāraka temple, ⟨and⟩ was requested by the noble queen (i.e., Ammādevī), for the purpose of teaching and housing for the pupils and grand-pupils. Half of the grant is meant ⟨to finance⟩ the repair of the temple’s dilapidations and ⟨to sponsor⟩ worship and the like, whereas the other half is a gurudakṣiṇā. ⟨The grant⟩), which is meant to be enjoyed as long as the moon, the stars, and the sun will endure, was issued after having excluded milk and vegetables for the god ⟨and⟩ comes along with ⟨the right to⟩ hidden treasures and deposits; ⟨the right to collect⟩ all taxes ⟨payable to the king⟩; the exemption from all kinds of unpaid labour; ⟨the right to⟩ punish and realise fines for the ten offences; and the exemption from being entered by irregular or regular troops.

⟨2v5–2v6⟩ Having taken note of that, you should render the proper ⟨shares of⟩ periodical offerings, produce, and the like, while living happily ⟨in this village⟩. And this is said for the instruction of the future kings:

2v6–3r2.

⟨Kings⟩ who donate land sport in heaven, ⟨but⟩ look, kings who have taken land fall into hell for their wickedness. After having taken to heart these two rules and taken hold of Lakṣmī, you should live you life as you wish!

⟨3r2⟩ And also:

3r2–3r3.

Fortune and misfortune are truly the fruit of protecting and not protecting ⟨the land⟩; who then discards heaven and resorts to hell?

⟨3r3⟩ And in this respect they quote the ⟨following⟩ stanzas sung by Vyāsa:

3r3–3r5.

Gold is the first child of Agni, land is born of Viṣṇu, and cows are the offspring of Sūrya: ⟨Therefore⟩, whoever would give gold, a cow, and land would give the three worlds

3r5–3r6.

A giver of land rejoices in heaven for sixty thousand years; he who confiscates it or allows ⟨another to confiscate it⟩ will dwell for the same period in hell!

3r7–3r8.

The earth has been granted by many kings, beginning with Sagara; whoever possesses the land at any time, to him belong the fruits at that time!

3r8–3v1.

O Yudhiṣṭhira, zealously protect the land which was given by yourself or by others! O best of kings, protection is superior to giving!

⟨3v1–3v3⟩ ⟨The copperplate charter has been engraved on⟩ the fourth ⟨day⟩ of the first ⟨fortnight⟩ of the month of Śrāvaṇa, in the fifty-fifth year of the increasingly victorious reign ⟨of Śivagupta⟩. In numbers: Year 55.

Bibliography

First edited by Jain et al. 2005, pp. 196–217 from the original plates; published again by Bosma 2013; re-edited here by Natasja Bosma from the original plates (edition of the seal based on Jain).

Primary

[NB] Bosma, Natasja. 2013. “The Bāleśvara temple complex of Śivagupta: epigraphical evidence for the Śaiva Siddhānta and Soma Siddhānta traditions in Dakṣiṇa Kosala.” IIJ 56 (3-4), pp. 245–261. DOI: 10.1163/15728536-13560309. [URL].

[BJ] Jain, Balchandra, Girdhari L. Raikwar and Rahul Kumar Singh. 2005. Utkīrṇa lekha. Second edition. Chhattīsgarh (India): Culture & Archaeology Department. Pages 196–217.

Secondary

Bosma, Natasja. 2018. Dakṣiṇa Kosala: A rich centre of early Śaivism. Groningen: Barkhuis. [URL]. Pages 37, 79, 255.

Shastri, Ajay Mitra. 1992. “Balesvara-Bhattaraka, a hitherto unknown Saiva establishment at Sripura.” JESI 18, pp. 15–23.

Shastri, Ajay Mitra. 1995. Inscriptions of the Śarabhapurīyas, Pāṇḍuvaṁśins and Somavaṁśins, Part II: Inscriptions. New Delhi: Indian Council of Historical Research; Motilal Bandarsidass. Pages 196–217.

Display Options Word Wrap Line Numbers Comments Processing Instructions

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/erc-dharma/project-documentation/master/schema/latest/DHARMA_Schema.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?>

<?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/erc-dharma/project-documentation/master/schema/latest/DHARMA_SQF.sch" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>

<?xml-model href="https://epidoc.stoa.org/schema/latest/tei-epidoc.rng" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?>

<?xml-model href="https://epidoc.stoa.org/schema/latest/tei-epidoc.rng" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>

<title>Sirpur Plates of Śivagupta, Year 55</title>

<resp>EpiDoc Encoding</resp>

<forename>Natasja</forename>

<surname>Bosma</surname>

</persName>

</respStmt>

<resp>intellectual authorship of edition</resp>

<forename>Natasja</forename>

<surname>Bosma</surname>

</persName>

</respStmt>

</titleStmt>

<authority>DHARMA</authority>

<pubPlace>Berlin</pubPlace>

<idno type="filename">DHARMA_INSDaksinaKosala00043</idno>

<p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported

Licence. To view a copy of the licence, visit

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to

Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View,

California, 94041, USA.</p>

</licence>

</availability>

</publicationStmt>

<repository>DHARMAbase</repository>

<idno/>

</msIdentifier>

</msContents>

<p/>

</handDesc>

</physDesc>

</msDesc>

</sourceDesc>

</fileDesc>

<p>The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC)

under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant

agreement no 809994).</p>

</projectDesc>

<p>Public URIs with the prefix bib to point to a Zotero Group Library named

ERC-DHARMA whose data are open to the public.</p>

</prefixDef>

<p>Internal URIs using the part prefix to point to person elements in the

<ref>DHARMA_IdListMembers_v01.xml</ref> file.</p>

</prefixDef>

</listPrefixDef>

</encodingDesc>

<change who="part:nabo" when="2020-08-11" status="draft">Adding translation</change>

<change who="part:nabo" when="2020-08-04" status="draft">Adding text and translation</change>

<change who="part:nabo" when="2020-07-13" status="draft">Initial encoding of the file</change>

</revisionDesc>

</teiHeader>

<body>

<l n="ab">rājña<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> śrīharṣaguptasya sūno<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> sadguṇaśālina<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied></l>

<l n="cd">śāsanaṁ śivaguptasya sthitam ā bhuvanasthite<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied></l>

</lg></div>

<div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>

<p><pb n="1v"/><lb n="1v1"/><g type="spiralR"/> svasty aśeṣakṣit<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>śavidyābhyāsaviśeṣāsādit<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>mahan<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>yavinayasa<lb n="1v2" break="no"/>mpatsampāditasakalavij<choice><sic>ī</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>g<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>ṣuguṇo guṇava<surplus>T<g type="dandaPlain"/></surplus>tsamāśrayaḥ prakṛ<lb n="1v3" break="no"/>ṣṭataraśauryyaprajñāprabhāvasambhāvitamahābhyudaya<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> kārt<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied>ikeya Iva<surplus>ḥ</surplus><lb n="1v4"/>kṛt<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied>ivāsa<space type="binding-hole"/><choice><orig>ṣ</orig><reg>s</reg></choice>o rājñaḥ śr<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>harṣaguptar<subst><del>e</del><add place="overstrike">ā</add></subst>jadevasya s<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>ū</corr></choice>nu<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> somava<choice><orig>ṅ</orig><reg>ṁ</reg></choice>śasa<lb n="1v5" break="no"/>mbhava<choice><orig>t</orig><reg>ḥ</reg></choice> paramamāheśvaro mātāpit<choice><orig>ri</orig><reg>ṛ</reg></choice>pādānudhyātaḥ śr<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>mahāśivaguptarāja<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied><lb n="1v6" break="no"/>devaḥ kuśalī<g type="ddandaHooked"/> Uṇibhog<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>yagrāmavārttoḍake<g type="dandaPlain"/> brāhmaṇā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> sa<choice><orig>t</orig><reg>ṁ</reg></choice>pūjya<lb n="1v7"/>tatpratinivāsikuṭumbino yathākālādhyāsinas samāhartṛsan<supplied reason="omitted">n</supplied>idhātṛ<pb n="2r" break="no"/><lb n="2r1" break="no"/>prabhṛt<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>n asmatpādopaj<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>vinaś ca sar<choice><orig>bv</orig><reg>vv</reg></choice>arājapuruṣā<choice><orig>ḥ</orig><reg>n</reg></choice> samā<lb n="2r2" break="no"/>jñāpayati<g type="dandaPlain"/></p> <p>viditam astu bhavatā<choice><orig>ḥ</orig><reg>ṁ</reg></choice> yathāsmābhir ayaṁ grāmaḥ samprati<lb n="2r3"/>sanidhānaḥ sopanidhānas sar<choice><orig>bv</orig><reg>vv</reg></choice>akarādānasametaḥ sar<choice><orig>bv</orig><reg>vv</reg></choice>ap<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>ḍāviva<lb n="2r4" break="no"/>rjjitas sa<space type="binding-hole"/>daśāparādhaḥ pratiṣiddhacāṭabhaṭapraveśaḥ śr<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>bāle<lb n="2r5" break="no"/>śvarabhaṭṭārakaprati<choice><orig>dvābba</orig><reg>baddhāmme</reg></choice>śvarabhaṭṭārakapratiṣṭ<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>kāle devakula<lb n="2r6" break="no"/>khaṇḍasphuṭitasaṁskāraṅap<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>ū</corr></choice>jādipravarttanārtham arddhena<g type="dandaPlain"/> apa<lb n="2r7" break="no"/>rārddhenāpi gurudakṣiṇāyāṁ śr<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>bhagavad<choice><orig>b</orig><reg>v</reg></choice>yāpaśivācāryyapādaśi<pb n="2v" break="no"/><lb n="2v1" break="no"/>ṣyaśr<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>madastraśivācāryyasthānagurubhyaḥ śiṣyapraśiṣyāṇāṁ <choice><orig>b</orig><reg>v</reg></choice>yākhyānāt<choice><orig>t</orig><reg>r</reg></choice>a<lb n="2v2" break="no"/>sat<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied>rapravarttanāya<g type="dandaPlain"/> a<choice><orig>bv</orig><reg>bb</reg></choice>ani<choice><orig>bv</orig><reg>bb</reg></choice>aḍirājñ<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>vijñaptikayā mātāpitror āt<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>m</reg></choice>anaś ca<lb n="2v3"/>puṇyābhi<choice><orig>b</orig><reg>v</reg></choice>ṛddhaye samakālopabhogārtham ācandratārakārkka<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> payaḥpūr<choice><orig>bv</orig><reg>vv</reg></choice>akaṁ<lb n="2v4"/>tām<surplus>b</surplus>raś<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>sa<space type="binding-hole"/>nena pratipādito gorasapatraśāko devasya varjayi<lb n="2v5" break="no"/>tvā <supplied reason="omitted">I</supplied>ty</p> <p>avagatya samucita<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> bhogabhāgādikam upanayanto bhavantaḥ sukhaṁ<lb n="2v6" break="no"/>prativasa<supplied reason="omitted">n</supplied>tu<g type="ddandaHooked"/> bhāvinaś ca bh<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>ū</corr></choice>mipālān ud<supplied reason="omitted">d</supplied>iśyedam abhidh<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>yate</p>

<l n="a">bh<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>ū</corr></choice>mipra<lb n="2v7" break="no"/>dā divi lalanti patanti hanta</l>

<l n="b">hṛtvā mah<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice><supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> nṛpatayo narake nṛ<choice><orig>saṅśa</orig><reg>śaṁsā</reg></choice>T<g type="dandaPlain"/></l>

<l n="c"><pb n="3r"/><lb n="3r1"/>Etad <supplied reason="omitted">d</supplied>vaya<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> parikal<choice><sic>ai</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>y<supplied reason="omitted">y</supplied>a<surplus>ḥ</surplus> calāñ ca lakṣm<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>m</l>

<l n="d">āyus tathā kuruta yad bhavatā<lb n="3r2" break="no"/>m abh<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>ṣṭaṁ</l></lg>

<l n="ab">ra<choice><orig>khyā</orig><reg>kṣā</reg></choice>pālanayos tāvat phalaṁ sugatidurggatī</l>

<l n="cd">ko nāma sva<lb n="3r3" break="no"/>rggam u<choice><orig>cchri</orig><reg>tsṛ</reg></choice>jya narakaṁ pratipadyate<g type="ddandaHooked"/></l></lg>

<p><choice><orig>b</orig><reg>v</reg></choice>yāsag<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>tā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied>ś cātra ślokān udāharanti</p>

<l n="a">A<lb n="3r4" break="no"/>gner apatyaṁ <space type="binding-hole"/>prathama<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> suvarṇṇa<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied></l>

<l n="b">bhūr <choice><orig>bv</orig><reg>vv</reg></choice>aiṣṇav<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice> sūryya<choice><orig>ś</orig><reg>s</reg></choice>utāś ca gāvaḥ</l>

<l n="c">dattā<supplied reason="omitted">s</supplied> traya<lb n="3r5" break="no"/>s tena bhava<space type="binding-hole"/>nti lokā</l>

<l n="d">yaḥ kāñcanaṁ gāñ ca mah<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>ñ ca dadyāT<g type="dandaPlain"/></l></lg>

<l n="ab">ṣaṣṭivarṣasa<lb n="3r6" break="no"/>ha<choice><orig>ś</orig><reg>s</reg></choice>rāṇi svargge modati bhūmidaḥ</l>

<l n="cd"><choice><sic>A</sic><corr>Ā</corr></choice>cchet<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied>ā cānumantā ca t<surplus>t</surplus>āny eva narake va<choice><orig>ś</orig><reg>s</reg></choice>eT<g type="dandaPlain"/></l></lg>

<l n="ab"><lb n="3r7"/>bahubhir vvasudhā dattā rājabhi<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> <choice><orig>ś</orig><reg>s</reg></choice>agarādibhi<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied></l>

<l n="cd">yasya yasya yadā bh<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>ū</corr></choice>mis tasya ta<lb n="3r8" break="no"/>sya tadā phalaṁ</l></lg>

<l n="ab"><choice><orig>ś</orig><reg>s</reg></choice>vadattā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> paradat<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied><choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>m <choice><orig>b</orig><reg>v</reg></choice>ā yatnād rakṣa yudhiṣṭhira</l>

<l n="cd">mah<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice><supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> ma<pb n="3v" break="no"/><lb n="3v1" break="no"/>h<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>bhṛtā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> śreṣṭh<choice><sic>ā</sic><corr>a</corr></choice> dānā<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied> <choice><orig>st</orig><reg>ś</reg></choice>reyo 'nupālanaṁ<g type="ddandaHooked"/></l></lg>

<p>pravarddha<lb n="3v2" break="no"/>mānavijayarājye sam<choice><orig>b</orig><reg>v</reg></choice>atsare pañcapañcāśattame<lb n="3v3"/>śrāvaṇaprathamacaturthyām aṅkena sam<choice><orig>b</orig><reg>v</reg></choice>aT<g type="dandaPlain"/> ru <num value="55">5 5</num></p></div></div>

<div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>

</app>

<rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">°vijig<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>ṣu°</rdg>

</app>

<lem>kārt<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied>ikeya</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">kārttikeya</rdg>

</app>

</app>

</app>

<lem>°opaj<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>vinaś</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">°opajīvinaś</rdg>

</app>

</app>

</app>

</app>

<rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">°śrīmad°</rdg>

</app>

<lem><choice><orig>b</orig><reg>v</reg></choice>yākhyā°</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">vyākhyā°</rdg>

</app>

<note>An emendation to <foreign>bhaṭṭinī°</foreign> seems to be the best possibility here.</note>

</app>

<rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">bhūmi°</rdg>

</app>

<lem>ud<supplied reason="omitted">d</supplied>iśyedam</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">udiṣyedam</rdg>

</app>

<rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">bhūmi°</rdg>

</app>

<lem>lakṣm<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>m</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">lakṣmīm</rdg>

</app>

<rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">°gītāś</rdg>

</app>

<lem><choice><orig>bv</orig><reg>vv</reg></choice>aiṣṇav<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice></lem>

<rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">bvaiṣṇavī</rdg>

</app>

<rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">mahīñ</rdg>

</app>

</app>

<rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">bhūmis</rdg>

</app>

<lem>ma<pb n="3v" break="no"/><lb n="3v1" break="no"/>h<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>bhṛtā<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied></lem>

<rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">ma<pb n="3v" break="no"/><lb n="3v1" break="no"/>hībhṛtā</rdg>

</app>

<rdg source="bib:Jain+al2005_01">sambata</rdg>

</app>

</listApp>

</div>

<p>The charter of Śivagupta, son of the illustrious king Harṣagupta, who is possessed of good qualities, endures as long as the existence of the world</p></div>

<div type="textpart" n="B"><head xml:lang="eng">Plates</head>

<p n="1v1-2r2">Success! Hail! The illustrious and great <foreign>rājadeva</foreign> Śivagupta who has been born in the Lunar Dynasty as the son of a king, the illustrious <foreign>rājadeva</foreign> Harṣagupta, like Kārttikeya is of Kṛttivāsas <supplied reason="explanation">i.e., Śiva</supplied>; who is entirely devoted to Maheśvara; who is favoured by his father and mother; and who is in good health: He has acquired all the qualities of a conqueror through the perfection of praiseworthy discipline, effected in particular by implementing all the "political sciences"; he is a refuge for the virtuous; and his great prosperity has been brought about by his superior valour, intelligence, and strength! After having saluted the Brahmins in the village of Vārttoḍaka situated in the Uṇi <foreign>bhoga</foreign>, <supplied reason="subaudible">the king</supplied> issues <supplied reason="subaudible">the following command</supplied> to all royal officers who are dedicated to our service, beginning with the collector and the receiver; to those who are temporarily posted <supplied reason="subaudible">in the village</supplied>; and to the householders being inhabitants of that <supplied reason="subaudible">village</supplied>:</p>

<p n="2r2-2v5">Let it be known to you that by means of <supplied reason="subaudible">this</supplied> copperplate charter and preceded by a libation of water, this village has been granted by us today for the increase of religious merit of father, mother, and ourselves, to the venerable <foreign>acārya</foreign> Astraśiva, senior officiant <supplied reason="subaudible">at the Bāleśvara complex</supplied> and the pupil of the venerable <foreign>acārya</foreign> Vyāpaśiva. <supplied reason="subaudible">The grant of the village took place</supplied> on the occasion of the establishment of the Ammeśvara-bhaṭṭāraka temple attached to the illustrious Bāleśvara-bhaṭṭāraka temple, <supplied reason="subaudible">and</supplied> was requested by the noble queen <supplied reason="explanation">i.e., Ammādevī</supplied>, for the purpose of teaching and housing for the pupils and grand-pupils. Half of the grant is meant <supplied reason="subaudible">to finance</supplied> the repair of the temple’s dilapidations and <supplied reason="subaudible">to sponsor</supplied> worship and the like, whereas the other half is a <foreign>gurudakṣiṇā</foreign>. <supplied reason="subaudible">The grant</supplied>), which is meant to be enjoyed as long as the moon, the stars, and the sun will endure, was issued after having excluded milk and vegetables for the god <supplied reason="subaudible">and</supplied> comes along with <supplied reason="subaudible">the right to</supplied> hidden treasures and deposits; <supplied reason="subaudible">the right to collect</supplied> all taxes <supplied reason="subaudible">payable to the king</supplied>; the exemption from all kinds of unpaid labour; <supplied reason="subaudible">the right to</supplied> punish and realise fines for the ten offences; and the exemption from being entered by irregular or regular troops.</p>

<p n="2v5-2v6">Having taken note of that, you should render the proper <supplied reason="subaudible">shares of</supplied> periodical offerings, produce, and the like, while living happily <supplied reason="subaudible">in this village</supplied>. And this is said for the instruction of the future kings:</p>

<p n="2v6-3r2" rend="stanza"><supplied reason="subaudible">Kings</supplied> who donate land sport in heaven, <supplied reason="subaudible">but</supplied> look, kings who have taken land fall into hell for their wickedness. After having taken to heart these two rules and taken hold of Lakṣmī, you should live you life as you wish!</p>

<p n="3r2-3r3" rend="stanza">Fortune and misfortune are truly the fruit of protecting and not protecting <supplied reason="subaudible">the land</supplied>; who then discards heaven and resorts to hell?</p>

<p n="3r3">And in this respect they quote the <supplied reason="subaudible">following</supplied> stanzas sung by Vyāsa:</p>

<p n="3r3-3r5" rend="stanza">Gold is the first child of Agni, land is born of Viṣṇu, and cows are the offspring of Sūrya: <supplied reason="subaudible">Therefore</supplied>, whoever would give gold, a cow, and land would give the three worlds</p>

<p n="3r5-3r6" rend="stanza">A giver of land rejoices in heaven for sixty thousand years; he who confiscates it or allows <supplied reason="subaudible">another to confiscate it</supplied> will dwell for the same period in hell!</p>

<p n="3r7-3r8" rend="stanza">The earth has been granted by many kings, beginning with Sagara; whoever possesses the land at any time, to him belong the fruits at that time!</p>

<p n="3r8-3v1" rend="stanza">O Yudhiṣṭhira, zealously protect the land which was given by yourself or by others! O best of kings, protection is superior to giving!</p>

<p n="3v1-3v3"><supplied reason="subaudible">The copperplate charter has been engraved on</supplied> the fourth <supplied reason="subaudible">day</supplied> of the first <supplied reason="subaudible">fortnight</supplied> of the month of Śrāvaṇa, in the fifty-fifth year of the increasingly victorious reign <supplied reason="subaudible">of Śivagupta</supplied>. In numbers: Year 55.</p></div></div>

</div>

<p>First edited by Jain <foreign>et al.</foreign> <bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Jain+al2005_01"/><citedRange>196-217</citedRange></bibl> from the original plates; published again by Bosma <bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Bosma2013_01"/></bibl>; re-edited here by Natasja Bosma from the original plates (edition of the seal based on Jain).</p>

</bibl>

</bibl>

</listBibl>

<bibl>

</bibl>

<bibl>

</bibl>

<bibl>

</bibl>

</listBibl>

</div>

</body>

</text>

</TEI>